Effect of aspect ratio and volume fraction of steel fiber on the mechanical properties of SFRC

In this study, effects of aspect ratio (l/d) and volume fraction (V_f) of steel fiber on the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) were investigated. For this purpose, hooked-end bundled steel fibers with three different l/d ratios of 45, 65 and 80 were used. Three different fiber volumes were added to concrete mixes at 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% by volume of concrete. Ten different concrete mixes were prepared. After 28 days of curing, compressive, split and flexural strength as well as ultrasonic pulse velocity were determined. It was found that, inclusion of steel fibers significantly affect the split tensile and flexural strength of concrete accordance with l/d ratio and V_f. Besides, mathematical expressions were developed to estimate the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of SFRCs regarding l/d ratio and V_f of steel fibers.     

水泥固化滨海风积砂力学特性试验及细观数值仿真

滨海风积砂因结构松散、自稳能力差、级配不良不易压实,被视为一种特殊土。水泥固化是常用的加固手段,而水泥剂量对风积砂力学性能的影响规律及细观作用机制目前尚不清楚。利用GDS土工三轴试验仪,对不同水泥剂量(0%,4%,6%)的水泥固化滨海风积砂进行不同有效围压(50,100,150 k Pa)下的CD试验。结合室内试验数据和水泥砂样显微照片,建立水泥固化滨海风积砂细观结构的颗粒流PFC2D模型,进行三轴试验的细观数值仿真分析。研究结果表明,水泥固化滨海风积砂应力–应变关系呈应变软化型,水泥剂量对滨海风积砂强度贡献明显,对体变影响相对较小。采用颗粒平行黏结方式的颗粒流数值仿真能有效反映水泥固化滨海风积砂的细观力学特性,水泥剂量对水泥固化滨海风积砂的黏结破坏数、配位数、位移场均有显著影响。     

复合锚杆承载性能试验研究与数值模拟分析

复合锚杆具有承载力高、耐久性好、成本低、污染小等优点.为了解复合锚杆的极限承载力以及杆身受力特点,通过现场试验及数值模拟对比分析,得到认识如下:①半杆长粘结复合锚杆及底部锚固无粘结复合锚杆极限承载力高于全杆长粘结复合锚杆;②复合锚杆极限抗拔承载力估算可采用《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ 94-2008)中抗拔桩的估算方法...     

不同掺率比混杂纤维再生砂浆力学性能试验研究

本文将控制纤维的总掺率,改变废弃聚丙烯纤维和玄武岩纤维的掺率比,分析其对再生砂浆力学性能的影响。其结果为,混杂纤维再生砂浆的稠度随着废弃聚丙烯纤维掺率的增加而增大;抗压强度随着聚丙烯纤维掺率的增加而减小;且当各纤维的掺率比达到最佳值时,混杂纤维再生砂浆的抗折强度达到最大值;再生砂浆的抗冲击性能与纤维的断裂伸长率有关。     

Experimental and numerical analysis of the strain-rate effect on fully welded connections

This paper presents experimental and numerical results of dynamic cyclic tests carried out on two full-scale specimens of welded beam-to-column connections. In order to simulate the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of tested specimens, a fibre-based finite element beam is used to model beam and column members and a nonlinear rotational spring is also used to model welded connections. The effect of strain rate on beam and column behaviour is taken into account for each constitutive fibre using the Perzyna law. The effect of strain rate on welded connection is taken into account by extending the static Richard model to simulate its dynamic behaviour. The Krawinkler-Zoheri model, expressed as a function of normalized cumulative plastic strain, is introduced to quantify damage and degrading behaviour in terms of the strain-rate effect. The finite element Drain-2dx software is first upgraded for this purpose to carry out numerical investigations. The analytical results obtained from the numerical simulation, taking the strain rate effect and damage accumulation into account, predict well the structural dynamic behaviour up to failure of welded connections when compared with available experimental data.     

粗合成纤维长径比对喷射混凝土性能的影响

粗合成纤维对喷射混凝土的增韧效果与钢纤维相比有明显差距.为了改善粗合成纤维的增韧效果,采用小型湿喷成型试件,测试当量直径为0.5～1.0 mm、断面形状分别为8字形或椭圆形的2种聚丙烯粗合成纤维的长径比对C30湿喷混凝土工作性、纤维分散性、回弹率、抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗折强度及弯曲韧性的影响.纤维长径比为30～76,长度为24～50mm,掺量为8 kg/m3.结果表明:整体上,随纤维长径比增加,抗压、抗拉、抗折强度及弯曲韧性先增加后降低.对所用的2种纤维,长径比约为50时对喷射混凝土增强、增韧作用最为明显.适宜长径比范围内,长径比增大使边壁效应减弱,基体对纤维咬合作用增强,利于提高喷射混凝土力学性能;长径比过大时,纤维分布不均及结团减弱了纤维增强、增韧作用.     

复合保温砌块力学性能与节能效果试验研究

以城市废泥浆、河道淤泥、建筑废料为主要原料制成空心砌块,并在砌块的孔洞中充填保温材料,降低导热系数和传热系数,制成烧结复合自保温砌块,该砌块具有更好的保温节能效果.通过对砌块的物理力学性能和保温性能的研究和对比,为复合保温砌块的生产和应用提供参考依据.     

纤维长径比对纤维多孔材料性能的影响

以氧化铝短切纤维为基体,分别经20目、40目、60目筛超洗,以聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂、硅溶胶为粘结剂、叔丁醇/水二元混合溶液为料浆液相溶剂,采用冷冻浇注工艺制备氧化铝纤维多孔陶瓷。在1500℃对样品进行烧结,测试烧结后样品的压缩强度;用扫描电镜观察样品表面形貌,研究纤维长径比对材料力学性能和隔热性能的影响。结果表明,随过筛目数增大,氧化铝多孔纤维材料密度减小,孔隙率增加,抗压强度下降。纤维过40目筛样品抗压强度略低于过20目筛样品,过60目筛样品的抗压强度最差。在隔热性能测试中,纤维过40目筛样品冷面温度略低于过60目筛样品,过20目筛样品的隔热性能最差。过40目筛纤维长径比为20～35,其所制备样品的隔热性能和力学性能俱佳。     

缩尺效应对铁路道砟力学特性影响的试验研究

为了研究颗粒级配、缩尺效应对道砟强度及变形特性的影响,采用石英岩标准铁路道砟开展了一系列基于1/4缩尺及全尺寸道砟的三轴剪切试验。试验结果表明:缩尺道砟的峰值强度均较全尺寸道砟的峰值强度低,缩尺对窄级配道砟的峰值强度影响甚小,而使宽级配道砟的峰值强度降低明显,缩尺效应造成的峰值强度降幅最高达10%;道砟的强度指标c,?值受颗粒级配影响较大,而缩尺效应对其影响并不显著。全尺寸与缩尺道砟的体积应变特性差异较小,缩尺道砟的变形模量小于全尺寸道砟,颗粒级配对道砟变形模量的影响不大;在工程设计中采用缩尺道砟的强度和变形参数将有利于安全。     

锚拉桩三维土拱效应数值分析与试验研究

针对锚拉桩设计中土压力计算模式存在的问题,提出了三维土拱效应模型这种新的计算方法,通过有限元方法,对该模型的正确性进行了验证。在此基础上,讨论了锚头间距、土体粘聚力、内摩擦角及弹性模量对三维土拱效应的影响。结果表明:随着锚头间距增大,土拱效应减小;土体粘聚力和内摩擦角增大,土拱效应增强,但增大到一定值后,荷载分担比例变化较小,且粘聚力值变化对土拱效应的影响比内摩擦角更显著;土体弹性模量增大,荷载分担比例也增大,最大可达到100%,此时结构体系可采用点锚,三维土拱效应存在于整个锚索自由段。为进一步验证模型的正确性,进行了室内模拟试验,试验结果表明,挡板后水平及竖向均存在土拱效应。     

Experimental study and numerical analysis on mechanical behavior of T-shape stiffened orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge decks

A new-type of orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge deck system was developed, by casting the concrete overlay on the top of the orthotropic steel deck ribbed with T-shape steel members. To study its mechanical behavior (in terms of failure mode, load-deflection relationship, concrete crack initiation and propagation, strength, stiffness and so on), two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite bridge decks with different section dimensions were experimentally investigated and two reference decks (reinforced concrete deck and orthotropic steel deck) were also involved in the research for comparison. For the two new-type orthotropic steel-concrete composite decks, the average value of ultimate loads per width is 885.7kN, which is 2.35 and 1.61 times of that of the concrete and steel reference decks with almost the same section height. Experimental results proved that the composite deck can effectively control the crack initiation and propagation in the concrete and postpone the yielding of the steel bars and steel plates, due to the composite action between the concrete overlay and the underlying steel plate. Furthermore, the Finite Element (FE) model of the orthotropic steel-concrete composite deck was developed and validated by test results. A parametric study is conducted regarding to the stiffness of shear studs. With the validated FE model, stress distribution in the underlying steel plate and T-shape stiffeners and development of concrete cracking in the concrete overlay were characterized at different load levels.     

A numerical study on smoke movement in longitudinal ventilation tunnel fires for different aspect ratio

In this study, numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the effect of the aspect ratio on smoke movement in tunnel fires using FDS 3.0. Temperature distribution under the ceiling showed a relatively good agreement with experimental results within 10 °C. It confirmed the possibility of application of FDS code to tunnel fires. Results from varying of the aspect ratio showed good agreement with experimental data. Temperature near the fire source decreased with the increase of the aspect ratio. But, the rate of the temperature decrease was reduced by the decrease of the heat loss in the spanwise direction. Clear height of the simulation by the analysis of the velocity distribution was about 3% higher than that of the experimental result. Numerical results predicted the back-layering distance and the critical velocity reasonably.     

再生混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

设计并完成了再生粗骨料已使用年限分别为0、10、40年和取代率分别为0、30%、50%、70%、100%的C30级再生混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度相关试验,并以天然骨料混凝土作为基准进行对比分析.试验结果表明:再生混凝土立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度破坏过程和破坏形态与普通混凝土基本一致,在水灰比相同的情况下,再生混凝土立方体抗压强度高于普通混凝土,劈裂抗拉强度低于普通混凝土,抗折强度基本接近普通混凝土;另外,还表明再生粗骨料的寿命对再生混凝土强度有一定影响.     

新配筋方案小跨高比连梁受力性能探讨

GB50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》针对小跨高比连梁抗震设计提供了一种新的配筋方案。根据采用新配筋方案小跨高比连梁的试验现象,探讨了小跨高比连梁的变形特征和传力途径,从理论上揭示了试验现象。     

水泥土力学性质试验研究

通过比较焦作市某工程软地基土不同含水量，不同水泥、粉煤灰掺量的试件不同龄期的无侧限抗压强度，分析了含水量、水泥掺量、粉煤灰掺量和龄期对试件强度的影响，得出了水泥掺量、粉煤灰掺量和标准龄期的最优值。     

Experimental and numerical thermal analysis of a balcony board with integrated glass fibre reinforced polymer GFRP elements

The thermal behaviour of a balcony board with integrated glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) elements replacing the compression reinforcement rods, is investigated by means of measurement as well as numerical analysis. For this reason a specimen consisting of an externally insulated brick wall and a representative part of a balcony is tested under a steady state temperature gradient of 30 K in a guarded hot box. Additionally to the normative requirements, temperature sensors are placed on critical sites within the construction, prior to the pouring of cement, to help the verification of the numerical analysis carried out simultaneously. Measured and calculated results are compared and some numerical parameter studies are carried out to quantify the advantage of glass fibre reinforced plastic elements over conventional balcony boards from a thermal point of view.     

花岗岩峰后力学特性试验与模型研究

深部围岩在开挖卸载过程中表现出的峰后复杂力学特性一直是工程界十分关注的问题,深入研究岩石峰后力学行为对深部资源开采工程具有重要意义。以深部立井马头门工程为依托,通过室内试验方法研究花岗岩峰后力学特性,采用非线性拟合方法获得花岗岩峰后软化模量与围压的指数关系式,假定岩石的剪胀角为恒定值,基于塑性理论构建考虑围压及剪胀角影响的岩石峰后应变软化模型;以FLAC3D为平台开发数学模型并进行验证,通过构建马头门巷道数值模型,分析深部围岩在应变软化条件下的破坏特征规律。通过研究可知,花岗岩峰后破坏具有脆–延性转化趋势,在高围压条件下,岩石峰后表现出塑性软化破坏特征,岩石峰后软化模量随着围压的增大而减小;通过FLAC3D进行数值验证可知,构建的应变软化模型与试验数据基本吻合,所建立的应变软化模型具有较高的可靠性;通过数值模拟方法分析深部马头门巷道围岩破坏特征可知,巷道拱顶及拱脚等局部区域出现了塑性剪切应变,与现场巷道围岩破损位置及深度基本相同。     

预应力积成材力学性能试验研究与有限元分析

通过木材单板叠加试验和预应力积成材参数化分析试验及相应的有限元分析验证,研究了单板及预应力积成材在跨中集中荷载作用下受力模式、变形形态、承载力以及破坏模式的变化规律,并探讨了预应力的大小,螺杆的布置方式、直径、纵向间距及上下边距对构件承载力的影响规律。结果表明：随着板材积成数量的增加,预应力积成材的破坏模式由弯扭变形导致的强度破坏逐渐转变为由面内弯曲导致的强度破坏,承载力大幅度提升;预应力过大、螺杆直径过大和间距过小导致木材承压破坏或产生贯通裂缝,而预应力过小、螺杆直径过小和螺杆间距过大均不足以限制板材的侧向扭转变形,导致材料强度无法充分发挥;木节等木材初始缺陷严重削弱板材的承载力。最后针对本文研究的板材规格,提出了能够应用于工程实际的预应力施加建议。