阻燃剂对无规共聚聚丙烯的阻燃性能的影响

对比研究了以氢氧化镁、锑卤体系等不同阻燃剂体系对聚丙烯(PP-R)材料的阻燃消烟作用,并研究了阻燃处理后的PP-R材料的力学性能和加工性能.结果表明:处理后的PP-R材料具有较好的阻燃性能,不同阻燃剂体系对材料的力学及加工性能影响不同,其中以锑卤体系复配锡酸锌(ZS)及硼酸锌影响较小.     

植酸三聚氰胺盐阻燃环氧树脂研究

利用生物基阻燃剂植酸三聚氰胺盐 (MPA) 阻燃改性环氧树脂并对其性能进行研究。通过红外光谱 (FTIR) 以及X射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 对MPA化学结构进行表征。利用热重分析仪 (TGA)、极限氧指数测试仪 (LOI)、垂直燃烧测试仪 (UL-94) 及锥形量热测试仪 (CC) 研究阻燃环氧树脂的热稳定性及阻燃性能。热重分析结果表明，MPA阻燃剂在800 ℃残炭达到25.6%，引入环氧树脂后可提升材料高温区热稳定性。垂直燃烧测试显示MPA在15%添加量下可赋予环氧树脂UL-94 V-0等级，表明MPA对环氧树脂有较好的阻燃效果。进一步锥形量热结果表明，MPA的加入显著降低了环氧树脂的热释放速率及总热释放，同时表现出优异的抑烟性能。     

蒙脱土对木材膨胀阻燃涂料性能的影响

采用极限氧指数、锥形量热仪等试验,研究了不同蒙脱土对膨胀阻燃涂料的木材阻燃性能的影响。试验结果表明:复配蒙脱土可以在膨胀阻燃涂料的基础上进一步增加木材的氧指数,涂覆复配阻燃涂料的木材氧指数可达40.8;同时,复配蒙脱土可以降低燃烧热释放速率,并减少总热释放量和总发烟量;采用层状结构显著的蒙脱土,可以更为高效的促进木条成炭,从而起到更好的阻燃抑烟功效。     

Effects of aging on the properties of modified asphalt binder with flame retardants

Effects of aging on the properties of asphalt binders modified by incorporating Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) and flame retardants (FR) were studied. Asphalt binders were artificially aged in the rolling thin film oven (RTFOT) and Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV). The flame retardancy of modified asphalt binders were characterized using limited oxygen index (LOI), and the effects of aging on the properties of asphalt binders were studied using Brookfield viscometer test and dynamic shear rheometer test. Experimental results indicated that the flame retardancy of asphalt binder was increased after aging. But the increasing amount of LOI is low when the modified asphalt binder containing more flame retardants. The variation of the LOI, softening point, penetration, ductility and viscosity of asphalt binder decreased with flame retardant content increasing, meaning the flame retardants can improve the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of asphalt binder. Furthermore, the G^*/sin δ, stiffness and m-value of flame retardant modified asphalt binders display smaller changes after two different aging.     

气凝胶对EPS保温材料性能影响研究

以酚醛树脂（PF）和气凝胶粉末作为阻燃剂,采用包覆法制备气凝胶/聚苯乙烯（EPS）复合阻燃材料,并对气凝胶/EPS复合阻燃材料的阻燃和保温性能进行研究。结果表明,阻燃剂气凝胶粉末的加入,使得气凝胶/EPS复合阻燃材料的LOI值和保温性能均有明显改善,气凝胶粉末添加量为20wt%,气凝胶粒级为0.3～0.18mm,选用导热系数在0.018～0.020W/(m·K)的气凝胶粉末,样品的综合性能最好。由SEM表征和热重分析可知,气凝胶/EPS复合阻燃材料经受高温燃烧时,EPS珠粒外部一层气凝胶粉末起到隔绝氧气和热量的作用,阻止了EPS基体与热源的接触。     

Synergistic effects of inorganic tin compounds and Sb2O3 on thermal properties and flame retardancy of flexible poly(vinyl chloride)

The effects of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS), tin dioxide (SnO₂), and tin monoxide (SnO), Sb₂O₃, and their mixtures on the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and their flame retardant and smoke suppressant actions, were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, the smoke density rating (SDR) test, thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTG/DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the incorporation of small amounts of inorganic tin compounds and their mixtures with Sb₂O₃ can increase the LOI of PVC and decrease the SDR during combustion. Partial replacement of Sb₂O₃ in flexible PVC by ZHS resulted in a significant synergistic improvement in flame retardant behavior. TGA/DTG/DTA, SEM, and quantitative analysis showed that ZHS acts as a flame retardant in the solid phase, Zn²⁺ can catalyze dehydrochlorination of PVC and promote early cross-linking, leading to rapid charring, and Sn⁴⁺ can react with the char, thereby increasing the char stability. These actions, combined with the vapor-phase role of Sb₂O₃, can significantly enhance the flame retardancy of PVC.     

离子液体在硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃中的应用

论述离子液体在阻燃技术中的应用概况,将咪唑型离子液体作为阻燃剂对硬质聚氨酯泡沫进行阻燃效果研究,并分析离子液体的种类、含量对硬质聚氨酯泡沫氧指数、水平燃烧速度、热分解性能的影响。结果表明:咪唑型离子液体对硬质聚氨酯泡沫有很好的阻燃效果,与(BMIM)BF4相比,(BMIM)PF6的阻燃效果较好,氧指数随离子液体添加量的增加而增加,当(BMIM)PF6质量分数为25%时阻燃效果最好,可使氧指数达到24.2,水平燃烧速率降低,具有很好的自熄性。通过热分析可以看出,添加(BMIM)PF6后可以提高热分解温度,分解残留物增加,放热量大大减小,可有效抑制硬质聚氨酯的分解,提高其热稳定性。     

磷系阻燃剂在透明防火涂料中的应用研究进展

木结构建筑耐火等级低、火灾荷载大,一旦发生火灾将会造成严重的火灾事故,透明防火涂料因兼具优异的装饰性能被广泛用于增强木结构建筑的火灾安全。磷系阻燃剂具有环保、高效、低毒等优点,是透明防火涂料的主要组成部分。从磷酸酯类阻燃剂、磷-氮阻燃剂和复合磷系阻燃剂等方面,综述了磷系阻燃剂在透明防火涂料中的应用研究进展。指出开发出多功能改性磷系阻燃剂,实现磷系阻燃剂三源一体、有机无机复合、多种元素协效阻燃是未来透明防火涂料的发展趋势。     

建筑钢结构膨胀型耐火涂料的性能研究

研究不同膨胀型阻燃剂配方在火灾下对钢材性能的 影响。以硅灰(SF)为粘结剂,蛋壳(CES)为填料,合成了水基膨胀 涂料。采用热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、小型煤气喷灯试 验和加热炉试验研究了粘结剂和填料对涂料性能和耐火性能的影 响。TGA 结果表明,在 SEM 图像中单独添加 SF 或与 CES 复 合均能提高涂料的残余重量和热稳定性,同时改善了涂料的表面 结构。SF、CES 与阻燃添加剂的组合防火性能最佳,具有最高的 热稳定性、最大膨胀度和最致密的表面结构,且在火灾暴露过程中 具有足够的附着性。     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠涂层及其阻燃涤纶织物研究

以生物基多糖衍生的壳聚糖（CS）和海藻酸钠(AL)为改性剂,通过静电作用力驱动的层层自组装技术在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）纤维织物进行阻燃修饰。通过扫描电镜,证实了壳聚糖和海藻酸钠在PET 织物表面的自组装沉积。利用热重分析仪与锥形量热仪等考察了壳聚糖和海藻酸钠的用量对PET 织物的热稳定性阻燃及抑烟性能的影响,并通过炭渣形貌和热解产物分析了天然生物基多糖的阻燃机理。结果表明,将生物基多糖沉积到PET 织物表面能有效提高织物的热稳定性、阻燃和抑烟性能。热解产物与炭层结构分析发现,天然生物基多糖的沉积促进了致密炭层的形成,有效地保护了底部聚合物,同时抑制了热解过程,从而提升了阻燃性能。     

CS/h-BN/APP层层自组装涂层阻燃杨木的研究

为提高杨木的阻燃性能,利用带正电性的壳聚糖/六方氮化硼(CS/h-BN)聚电解质溶液,以及带负电性的聚磷酸铵(APP)溶液,基于层层自组装(LBL)技术,通过两聚电解质溶液之间的静电吸附作用,在木材表面成功制备出具有良好阻燃性能的CS/h-BN/APP薄膜涂层.结果表明:所制备的涂层均匀分布在木材表面,且具有良好的附着力;涂层阻燃木材试件的热释放速率、烟释放速率显著降低,第2放热峰出现时间晚于未处理木材试件,且在燃烧过程中的残余物质量始终高于未处理木材试件,完全燃尽时间则比未处理木材试件多出约100s,阻燃效果随着自组装涂层数的增加而逐渐增强;涂层阻燃木材试件的CO、CO_2气体生成量明显降低,表明阻燃涂层能有效降低木材烟气及毒性气体释放;涂层阻燃木材试件较未处理木材试件更好地保持了木材本身的结构,显示出了良好的抵抗火灾能力.     

阻燃沥青混合料阻燃抑烟性能及路用性能研究

设计沥青混合料直接燃烧试验,以试件燃烧时间、表面温度为指标评价阻燃剂对沥青混合料阻燃性能的影响;提出试件燃烧时烟雾面积的计算方法,以烟雾面积大小判别阻燃剂的抑烟效果;设计沥青混合料的路用性能试验,评价阻燃剂对沥青混合料路用性能的影响.结果表明:阻燃剂掺量越大,沥青的氧指数越高,沥青混合料试件的燃烧时间越短,表面温度越低,抑烟性能越好.阻燃效果较好的酸性阻燃剂会显著降低沥青混合料的高温稳定性和水稳定性.阻燃剂在沥青铺面工程中的适用性必须综合考虑其对沥青混合料阻燃性能和路用性能的影响.     

APP-DAP-CS膨胀阻燃体系阻燃聚甲醛研究

为提高聚甲醛(POM)的阻燃性能,以聚磷酸铵(APP)-磷酸氢二铵(DAP)-玉米淀粉(CS)为膨胀阻燃体系,将其与POM通过熔融共混制备了阻燃POM复合材料.并采用氧指数(LOI)仪、水平垂直燃烧(UL-94)测定仪、热重-差示扫描量热仪(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)及锥形量热仪(CONE)等仪器对所制备的样品...     

Synthesis and performance of three flame retardant additives containing diethyl phosphite/phenyl phosphonic moieties

Three novel intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) containing phosphorus and nitrogen based on Schiff bases, poly(phosphonate ester(s)) (designated as PAB, PEB, and PPB), were synthesized and characterized. Thermal stability and flammability properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/30% IFRs blends were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). The results from UL-94 showed that EVA/IFRs blends all could reach V-2 rating. The addition of PAB into EVA reduced the PHRR value by 31%, and the LOI value increased from 19 to 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation results indicated that the existence of the cohesive charred layer on the surface of the residue was responsible for the improvement of the flame retardancy of EVA.     

Enhanced flame retardancy of natural rubber composite with addition of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and MCM-41 fillers

Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin (MCMF-APP) prepared by in situ polymerization and characterized by FTIR showed decreased water solubility and particle size in comparison to bare ammonium polyphosphate. APP was used as additive to natural rubber (NR) together with mesoporous silica MCM-41 as a synergistic agent to form intumescent flame retardant composite in this study. The flame retardancies of NR/APP, NR/MCMF-APP and NR/MCMF-APP/MCM-41 composites were studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 test, and their thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) as well as physico-mechanical properties. The results indicated that the LOI value of NR/MCMF-APP composite was higher than those of NR/APP composite and NR. Addition of MCM-41 into NR/MCMF-APP composite further increased the LOI values and also increased the UL-94 ratings of most ternary composites to V-0 due to a synergistic effect between MCM-41 and MCMF-APP in NR composites. As the results showed, the thermal stability and flame retardancy of NR were enhanced.     

混晶TiO2制备木结构防火涂料及阻燃机理

以KOH和Na₂SiO₃改性硅灰为基料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备水性木结构阻燃涂料。制作三聚氰胺饰面中密度纤维板试件,测量试件的氧指数,分析试样及原料的晶相变化及表观形貌,研究板钛矿/锐钛矿混晶TiO₂对其阻燃性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明,适量的TiO₂可提高其阻燃性能,当TiO₂掺量为2%时其阻燃性能最佳,可使纤维板的LOI达到31.4%,炭化体积(小室法）仅为8.2 cm³,较不添加TiO₂的样品减小了56%。混晶TiO₂在燃烧处理过程中结构稳定,有助于硅灰基水性木结构阻燃涂料在燃烧过程中发展成连续、均匀、密实的片层状结构,致使失重温度升高,热流量减小,进而提高阻燃性能。     

氮-磷协同阻燃聚氨酯保温材料性能研究

为了提高硬质聚氨酯的阻燃性能,采用磷改性聚醚,并添加三聚氰胺(Melamine)和聚磷酸胺(APP),并对试件的燃烧行为和热性能进行了研究。结果表明:在含磷硬质聚氨酯保温隔热材料中等比例添加Melamine和APP,能形成氮-磷协同阻燃体系,材料的阻燃性能得到显著提高,其中氧指数达34.43%,水平燃烧等级达到FH-1,垂直燃烧等达FV-0。     

改性LDH与IFR对聚苯乙烯的协效阻燃研究

制备由聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）和十二烷基单磷酸钾改性的锌铝双氢氧化物（ZnAl-LDH-PK）组成的复合阻燃剂与膨胀阻燃剂IFR协效阻燃聚苯乙烯（PS）,研究了二者不同配比下对聚苯乙烯的阻燃性能、燃烧性能。结果表明,适当比例的ZnAl-LDH-PK和IFR协同作用于复合材料,可使材料具有更优异的热稳定性和成炭能力;当组分为PS、22%IFR、3%ZnAl-LDH-PK时,氧指数（LOI）达35,总热释放和生烟总量较纯PS分别降低了28%和38%,提高了耐火性能;SEM结果证实ZnAl-LDH-PK与IFR的协效作用使复合材料形成了高度膨胀和连续致密的炭层。     

聚磷酸铵和三氧化钼对聚氨酯软泡阻燃性能的影响

以聚磷酸铵（APP）和三氧化钼（MoO3）为阻燃剂,采用一步发泡法制备阻燃聚氨酯软质泡沫（FPUF）,通过扫描电镜、氧指数仪、热重分析仪和锥形量热仪等测试手段研究了MoO3和APP对聚氨酯软泡的泡孔结构、热稳定性、阻燃性能以及产烟量的影响规律。研究表明：MoO3和APP均能提高聚氨酯软泡的阻燃性能,与纯聚氨酯软泡相比,当APP和MoO3的添加量均为7.5%时,阻燃聚氨酯软泡的总热释放量和总产烟量分别降低了44.2%、66.3%,表现出很好的阻燃和抑烟性能;探讨了APP和MoO3阻燃聚氨酯软泡的阻燃作用机理,APP在气相和凝聚相发挥阻燃作用,在气相中通过生成含磷官能团捕获气相中的自由基,在凝聚相中发挥催化成炭的作用,MoO3能促进热裂解聚氨酯催化成炭,提高成炭率,使炭层致密,并提高聚氨酯软泡的热稳定性,有效提高聚氨酯软泡的火灾安全性。     

掺入CES膨胀型阻燃涂料的试验研究

研究蛋壳（CES）废料作为环保生物填料的膨胀型阻燃涂料的性能。将聚磷酸铵II、季戊四醇和三聚氰胺与阻燃填料和丙烯酸树脂黏合剂混合,制成膨胀型阻燃涂料,进行火焰表面扩散试验、火焰蔓延试验、热重分析试验、粘结强度试验等测试涂料的防火性能。结果表明,试件B、C、D、E在火焰下暴露时均未显示出火焰表面扩散。在涂料B、E中添加质量分数为5.0％、2.5％的蛋壳生物填料,由于炭化而改善了防火性能。试件D、E的总火焰传播指数分别为4.5、5.0,显示出优良的阻燃性能。防火涂料具有良好的耐水性、热稳定性和粘结强度,具有良好的防火性能。