Identification of frost-susceptible recycled concrete aggregates for durability of concrete

Demolished concretes to be recycled show great diversity in property with regard to residual potential of resistance to the environmental effects such as frost action, when they are used in a new concrete as aggregate. There seems to exist no appropriate test method fitting specific characteristics of the recycled concrete aggregates with respect to the fair judgement of their unbound state frost durability. This fact rises another important prejudice against performance of recycled concrete aggregates compared to virgin alternatives. This study deals with reliable identification of frost susceptibility of recycled concrete aggregates. An unbound frost durability test with a mild pre-drying procedure (at 50 °C) was performed on recycled concrete aggregates originated from both air-entrained and non-air-entrained type of source concretes. The procedure distinctly identified the non-durable recycled coarse aggregates in parallel to freezing and thawing durability results of the concretes incorporating identical aggregates. Sulfate soundness test gave misleading results in judgement of the unbound state frost durability due to the highly disruptive physicochemical effect of the method on the recycled concrete aggregates, regardless of the air void characteristics of the materials.     

水泥复合胶凝材料体系密实模型研究

分别研究了通过Andreasen方程和Aim-Goff模型计算水泥复合胶凝材料体系密实度的粉体掺比优化问题,指出了硅灰对复合粉体获得紧密堆积体系是不可缺少的,提出了Andreasen方程下的一种数值化评价指标,其可以很好的描述复合粉体粒度分布和基准粒度分布的接近程度。同时,建立了Aim-Goff模型的三元体系计算模式,结果表明:就提高水泥基颗粒体系的堆积密实度而言,双掺超细火山灰质材料比单掺更有效。最后,对这两类模型在预测水泥复合胶凝材料体系密实度的相关性进行了探讨。     

混凝土再生骨料强化试验研究

利用废弃混凝土制备的再生骨料配制混凝土在发达国家已引起高度重视。结合我国实际情况，用4种不同的浆兴对再生骨料进行了强化试验，对试验结果进行了分析。强化试验表明，水泥外掺Kim粉浆液强化再生骨料效果理想。     

遗传进化算法在边坡稳定性分析中的应用

基于圆弧滑动面假定，提出了一种用遗传进化算法确定边坡最危险滑动面及其对应的最小安全系数的方法。该方法模拟了生物遗传进化的过程，克服了传统方法容易陷入局部极小值的缺点，是一种全局优化算法。     

Microwave-assisted beneficiation of recycled concrete aggregates

The presence of mortar has been reported as the main factor causing the lower quality of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) when compared to natural aggregates (NA). A novel microwave-assisted technique to increase the quality of RCA by partially removing the mortar adhering to RCA particles and breaking up the lumps of mortar present in RCA is introduced in this paper. The technique takes advantage of the difference in the electromagnetic properties of the adhering mortar and natural aggregates to generate high thermal stresses within the mortar, especially at the interface with the embedded natural aggregates, to cause delamination. The stresses generated also result in the breaking up of the lumps of mortar into smaller pieces. The results of an experimental study conducted to investigate the capability of the microwave-assisted RCA beneficiation technique and to compare its efficiency with other beneficiation methods proposed in available literature are presented. Moreover, the effects of incorporating various amounts of un-treated and microwave-treated coarse RCA on the mechanical properties of concrete are investigated. The temperature distribution and stresses developed in RCA when subjected to microwave heating during the beneficiation process are numerically calculated for a better understanding of the processes involved.     

matlab遗传算法在泵送混凝土成本优化中的应用

通过对C40泵送混凝土施工特性的研究,归纳总结出设计C40泵送混凝土时的组分约束条件,以1 m3混凝土的成本为优化目标,将线性约束条件转化成约束矩阵,并设定为遗传算法的各项操作参数,最后通过matlab遗传算法工具箱进化计算获得最优解。     

Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete

Many structures in the middle-east’s Gulf region are now either reaching the end of their design life or were not constructed according to the specifications. Demolition or maintenance work on such structures results in large amount of concrete rubbles. Recycling concrete wastes will lead to reduction in valuable landfill space and savings in natural resources. The objective of this study is to investigate the strength of concrete made with recycled concrete coarse aggregate. The variables that are considered in the study include the source of the recycled concrete and target concrete strength. The toughness and soundness test results on the recycled coarse aggregate showed higher percentage loss than natural aggregate, but remained within the acceptable limits. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths of concrete made with recycled coarse aggregate depend on the mix proportions. In general, the strength of recycled concrete can be 10–25% lower than that of conventional concrete made with natural coarse aggregate.     

基于改进自适应遗传算法的混凝土搅拌站原料库存优化

为了满足建筑行业的市场需求并且节约成本,降低企业的库存费用,在市场需求不确定的条件下,通过建立基于混凝土行业的随机性(s,S)库存系统的仿真模型,使用求解多目标优化问题的遗传混合方法,设计了一种改进的自适应遗传算法,并用其优化库存控制策略.仿真结果表明:所设计的算法是一个有效的算法,能够获得较低的库存总费用,并可以更有效的解决搅拌站的库存问题.     

Use of concrete road recycled aggregates for Roller Compacted Concrete

Construction waste management is a quite important economical and environmental deal for our societies. More than 2 million tons demolition and construction wastes are annually produced only in Wallonia, Southern Region of Belgium; recycling has clearly to be promoted. Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a special dry concrete made of aggregates, water and low quantity of cement, laid down and compacted like a soil, for the construction of massive structures like dams or large horizontal surfaces like road foundations. The topic of this research is the replacement of natural aggregates by concrete road recycled aggregates in the mix design of concrete. Characteristics of aggregates are of prime importance for the quality of the concrete: Los Angeles, water absorption and specific gravity. It has been observed that RCC with natural and concrete road recycled aggregates are similar for solid compactness, while no major influence of cement content – when around 200 kg – may be detected. However, compressive strength is higher for RCC with natural aggregates. This study clearly shows the opportunity of using concrete road recycled aggregates for RCC in basements.     

混凝土粗骨料堆积的定量体视学研究

将预拌混凝土用粗骨料筛分为各单粒级颗粒,分别测定孔隙率和定量体视学参数后,进行骨料级配试验及其体视学参数计算,分析粗骨料堆积孔隙率与体视学参数之间的相关性,探讨运用定量体视学方法进行骨料最紧密堆积设计的可能性.结果表明:单粒级粗骨料孔隙率与球形率、圆度之间具有良好的相关性;级配粗骨料孔隙率与球形率、填充度之间具有良好的相关性;基于定量体视学参数的多元回归公式能够较精确预测粗骨料的孔隙率,为实现粗骨料的级配优化设计提供了可能.     

Use of waste marble aggregates in concrete

Today we are faced with an important consumption and a growing need for aggregates because of the growth in industrial production, this situation has led to a fast decrease of available resources. On the other hand, a high volume of marble production has generated a considerable amount of waste materials; almost 70% of this mineral gets wasted in the mining, processing and polishing stages which have a serious impact on the environment. The processing waste is dumped and threatening the aquifer. Therefore, it has become necessary to reuse these wastes particularly in the manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using marble wastes as a substitute rather than natural aggregates in concrete production. The paper presents the study methodology, the characterization of waste marble aggregates and various practical formulations of concrete. This experimental investigation was carried out on three series of concrete mixtures: sand substitution mixture, gravel substitution mixture and a mixture of both aggregates (sand and gravel). The concrete formulations were produced with a constant water/cement ratio. The results obtained show that the mechanical properties of concrete specimens produced using the marble wastes were found to conform with the concrete production standards and the substitution of natural aggregates by waste marble aggregates up to 75% of any formulation is beneficial for the concrete resistance.     

Numerical modeling of concrete strength under multiaxial confinement pressures using linear genetic programming

New numerical models are developed to predict the strength of concrete under multiaxial compression using linear genetic programming (LGP). The models are established based on a comprehensive database obtained from the literature. To verify the applicability of the derived models, they are employed to estimate the strength of parts of the test results that are not included in the modeling process. The external validation of the model is further verified using several statistical criteria. The results obtained by the proposed models are much better than those provided by several models found in the literature. The LGP-based equations are remarkably straightforward and useful for pre-design applications.     

基于遗传算法的混凝土搅拌机上料机构优化设计

介绍用遗传算法优化设计混凝土搅拌机上料机构。该算法采用二进制编码，取比例选择方式，交叉操作基于概率随机选择父本单点交叉，变异操作基于概率随机变异。采用惩罚函数方法，将约束优化问题转为无约束优化问题。给出了遗传算法优化混凝土搅拌机上料机构的优化结果。     

Damage identification of a large-span concrete cable-stayed bridge based on genetic algorithm

The global stability of a structure, the stiffness of its main girder and concrete tower, and the variation of the forces of its stay cables are key issues to the safety assessment of an in-service cable-stayed bridge. The efficiency and rationality of local elaborate non-damage-identification could be enhanced by the primary damage identification of cable-stayed bridges on the basis of periodic detection of the cable force and strain monitor in key sections of the main girder. The genetic algorithms of damage identification for cable-stayed bridges were investigated in this paper on the basis of the monitor data of the cable force and strain in a key section of the main girder. A damage detection program for complex civil structure was generated to implement the identification of damage location and extent. The deterioration of the structure was calculated according to the variation of monitor data. It is demonstrated that the results of damage identification from the parametric finite element method are accurate. The method had been verified using a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge in Ningbo, which has been in use for the past four years. Translated from China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(5): 85–89 [译自: 土木工程学报]     

Mathematical modeling of first flush in highway storm runoff using genetic algorithm

A mechanistic model was developed to predict the highway runoff pollutographs during precipitation events. Pollutants were assumed to be in two phases, attached to the pavement surface and mobile in the runoff water. Detachment and reattachment of contaminants were considered as rate-limited processes and the detachment rate was assumed to be a function of flow velocity by a power expression. The build-up of pollutants on the surface during the dry period between the storm events was also included in the model. Using measured pollutographs from three highly urbanized highway sites in Los Angeles, California, a hybrid genetic algorithm was used to estimate the model parameters for four different constituents including total suspended solids, oil and grease, dissolved copper, and particulate copper. The model was then validated by predicting pollutographs for the same site for a different monitoring season. Results revealed that estimated model parameters were different for particle-associated and dissolved constituents. These findings suggest different mechanisms governing the detachment of particle-associated and dissolved constituents from the surface. The results have also indicated that there is a linear build-up of pollutants during the dry period and the removal of pollutants during dry periods was insignificant. From these findings, it has been concluded that either the removal rate during the dry period is small or it is not proportional to the concentration of pollutants accumulated on the surface. In general, the build-up contaminant concentrations from the build-up model followed the same trend. However, in some cases the estimated and measured pollutograph did not closely match that may be due to some unknown factors affecting the build-up rates in the current model.     

改进遗传算法在排课问题中的应用研究

分析了遗传算法在排课问题中的应用,针对遗传算法容易早熟收敛的问题,提出了改进的混沌遗传算法,将遗传操作中的交叉和变异操作用混沌交叉和混沌变异取代,充分利用混沌算法优化搜索技术,保证种群多样性,提高算法全局寻优能力。该算法应用于实际排课中,得到的排课方案更好地满足了约束条件,排课效果良好。     

不同母体的再生粗骨料对混凝土强度影响

回收再利用废弃混凝土会大大减少建筑垃圾填埋空间,同时能节省宝贵的自然资源.主要研究了不同母体的再生粗骨料对再生混凝土的强度影响,考虑了再生混凝土的不同母体来源及配制的目标强度.对再生粗骨料的磨耗性及坚固性测试表明:虽然再生骨料的质量损失率比天然粗骨料大,但仍然在规范规定的限值之内;不同母体的再生粗骨料对混凝土的强度影响...     

Effect of reducing coarse aggregates on concrete strength

This paper reports the results of experimental investigation carried out on the effect of reducing coarse aggregate (CA) quantity in mix proportions on the compressive strength of concrete. It also presents empirical formulas aimed at optimizing a concrete mix design for desert regions. Intensive laboratory experiment of 1350 samples of 30 different concrete mixes using three curing methods was carried out. The influences of the water/cement (W/C) ratio, coarse and fine aggregates (FA), CA/total aggregate (CA/TA) ratio, TA/C ratio, and curing methods (air curing, oven curing, and water curing) on the compressive strength of concrete were characterized and analyzed. Mathematical formula was developed for concrete strength as a function of CA quantity that ranges from the standard quantity to null, and another formula was developed for the quantity of FA as a function of compressive strength.     

掺多种微细粉集料配制C50混凝土

为满足现代建筑的需要,必须大力发展高性能混凝土。目前,国内外配制高性能混凝土的技术、途径很多,如掺用高活性的混合材与高效减水剂,或在混凝土中掺入微细集料等都是提高混凝土强度的有效方法。本实验采用廉价的原材料,常规混凝土工艺,掺沸石、低钙石与粉煤灰复合微细粉,配制     

混合应用天然与再生骨料混凝土的基本性能

对配合比相同和坍落度相同两种情况下,不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本性能进行了系统的试验研究。试验中再生骨料的掺入量分别为0,25％,50％,75％和100％。试验结果表明,在配合比相同的情况下,随着再生骨料掺入量的增加．混凝土的工作性能以及回弹值、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度和弹性模量均有不同程度的降低。在坍落度相同的情况下,随着再生骨料掺入量的增加．混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量也均降低且较配合比相同的情况下降低更多。最后根据本文的试验结果,建议了两种情况下不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本力学性能计算公式。并进一步对比了两种情况下得到的计算公式．结果表明,两种情况下得到的公式均可以用来描述不同再生骨料掺入量混凝土的基本力学性能。