Web服务组合事务处理研究与实现

通过重用已有的服务进行服务组合来实现应用集成;而保证服务组合的事务特性是实现服务组合的关键。文中提出一个Web服务组合事务处理模型,将BPEL（Business Process Execution Language,业务流程执行语言）的流程设计与WS—C／T（Web Services Coordination/Transaction, Web服务协调／事务）规范结合。该模型主要由客户端、BPEL执行引擎、事务协调器和参与者四个部分组成。客户端发起请求,BPEL执行引擎响应请求并开启事务,事务协调器和参与者根据事务协调算法完成事务协调。     

Log-based mining techniques applied to Web service composition reengineering

Web service compositions are becoming more and more complex, involving numerous interacting ad-hoc services. These services are often implemented as business processes themselves. By analysing such complex web service compositions one is able to better understand, control and eventually re-design them. Our contribution to this problem is a mining algorithm, based on a statistical technique to discover composite web service patterns from execution logs. Our approach is characterised by a “local” pattern’s discovery that covers partial results through a dynamic programming algorithm. Those locally discovered patterns are then composed iteratively until the composite Web service is discovered. The analysis of the disparities between the discovered model and the initial ad-hoc composite model (delta-analysis) enables initial design gaps to be detected and thus to re-engineer the initial Web service composition.     

A layered architecture for flexible Web service invocation

Web service composition is emerging as an interesting approach to integrate business applications and create intra‐organizational business processes. Single Web services are combined to create a complex Web service that will realize the process business logic. Once the process is created, it is executed by an orchestration engine that invokes individual Web services in the correct order. However, Web services composing the workflow sometimes become unavailable during the run‐time phase, blocking process execution. This paper describes an architecture that allows the flexible orchestration of business processes. With this approach, Web services composing the process can be automatically substituted with other compatible Web services during process execution. A methodology is defined to evaluate Web service compatibility based on interface matching, in order to select substitutable Web services. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Iterative selection algorithm for service composition in distributed environments

In service oriented architecture （SOA）, service composition is a promising way to create new services. However, some technical challenges are hindering the application of service composition. One of the greatest challenges for composite service provider is to select a set of services to instantiate composite service with end- to-end quality of service （QoS） assurance across different autonomous networks and business regions. This paper presents an iterative service selection algorithm for quality driven service composition. The algorithm runs on a peer-to-peer （P2P） service execution environment--distributed intelligent service execution （DISE）, which provides scalable QoS registry, dynamic service selection and service execution services. The most significant feature of our iterative service selection algorithm is that it can work on a centralized QoS registry as well as cross decentralized ones. Network status is an optional factor in our QoS model and selection algorithm. The algorithm iteratively selects services following service execution order, so it can be applied either before service execution or at service run-time without any modification. We test our algorithm with a series of experiments on DISE. Experimental results illustrated its excellent selection and outstanding performance.     

一种基于反馈控制的Web服务组合执行引擎设计

在Web服务组合执行引擎中解耦流程执行和成分Web服务调用,设计和实施了带有双控制反馈控制环的流程执行结构,反馈控制环分别位于流程执行器与服务代理之上。仿真结果表明：解耦流程执行和成分Web服务调用提高了引擎资源的使用效率,增加了流程执行的并发性,提高了引擎的吞吐量;引入QoS反馈控制结构,使得引擎在组合服务负荷变化时,可为不同的请求服务等级提供服务响应时间保障。     

一种基于广义随机Petri网的Web服务组合性能预测模型

Web服务交互消息受到不可预知的网络环境的影响,因特网环境中的个体Web服务的性能表现与访问者的地域位置有关。于是,服务组合的性能则更加容易受到网络环境因素的影响。同时,服务组合的性能还会受到服务组合流程中不同的分支执行概率的影响。在这种情况下,服务组合建模只考虑组合本身,而不考虑网络环境因素和分支执行概率,这将会对模型的预测结果造成较大的偏差。为了能够真实地评估服务交互行为、网络环境与分支执行概率之间的关系,提出了一种基于广义随机Petri网的Web服务组合性能预测模型,该模型不仅引入了伙伴服务性能方面的因素,而且充分考虑了网络环境因素和分支执行概率,从而能够对被建模系统进行定性和定量分析,进而指导服务组合性能优化。     

SLA感知的事务型组合服务容错方法

针对组合服务容错逻辑与执行逻辑不分离,以及容错过程易出现SLA（service level agreement）违反的现状,提出一种SLA感知的事务型组合服务容错方法.该方法首先采用有限状态机建模组合服务执行过程,对其状态进行监控;其次,采用监控自动机监控执行过程中的SLA属性,确保不出现SLA违反;然后,对于补偿过程,采用改进的差分进化算法快速寻找最优恢复规划;最后,该方法与组合服务执行逻辑相分离,所以易于开发、维护和更新.基于真实数据集的实验结果验证了所提方法在故障处理时间与组合最优度方面优于其他方法,并且对不同故障规模适应良好.     

Web服务组合构建与执行的Petri网平台研究

针对Petri网在服务组合中的具体应用问题,尤其是如何构建基于Petri网的服务组合软件平台,在服务组合的Petri网模型的基础上,首先建立了具体领域中服务的语义功能体系;然后进行原子服务的注册及发布,将各具体服务绑定到语义功能体系中的某一功能;其次实现了基于视图的服务组合构建,用户可在相应视图中通过选择相应的功能进行方便的服务组合构建,并得到相应的服务组合功能流程;最后进一步将相关功能转换为绑定具体服务实例的Petri网模型,并交由相应的基于Petri网的服务组合执行引擎实现执行。实现了从服务组合构建到执行实现的完整功能流程,为基于Petri网的服务组合动态执行相关问题的分析提供了软件平台支撑。     

基于QoS的自适应控制中间件研究与应用

文章重点研究在自适应控制中间件支持下,Web服务组合执行引擎的QoS管理机制,设计了一个基于QoS的自适应控制中间件,并应用于Web服务组合执行引擎当中,以支持对服务请求的分级处理,实现了为不同等级用户提供区分服务的功能,为提高可变负载下单个执行引擎的高吞吐量和快速响应时间提供了一种有效的解决方案。     

Autonomic resource provisioning for software business processes

Software development nowadays involves several levels of abstraction: starting from the programming of single objects, to their combination into components, to their publication as services and the overall architecture linking elements at each level. As a result, software engineering is dealing with a wider range of artifacts and concepts (i.e., in the context of this paper: services and business processes) than ever before. In this paper we explore the importance of having an adequate engine for executing business processes written as compositions of Web services. The paper shows that, independently of the composition language used, the overall scalability of the system is determined by how the run-time engine treats the process execution. This is particularly relevant at the service level because publishing a process through a Web service interface makes it accessible to an unpredictable and potentially very large number of clients. As a consequence, the process developer is confronted with the difficult question of resource provisioning. Determining the optimal configuration of the distributed engine that runs the process becomes sensitive both to the actual number of clients and to the kinds of processes to be executed. The main contribution of the paper is to show how resource provisioning for software business processes can be solved using autonomic computing techniques. The engine separates execution in two stages (navigation and dispatching) and uses a controller to allocate the node of a cluster of computers to each one of those stages as the workload changes. The controller can be configured with different policies that define how to reconfigure the system. To prove the feasibility of the concept, we have implemented the autonomic controller and evaluated its performance with an extensive set of experiments.     

基于PDG图的分布式动态可执行服务组合方法

组合服务是将一系列Web服务协调地组合在一起,从而完成预期目标。组合服务按照其引擎分布可分为:集中式服务组合和分布式服务组合。分布式组合服务可以有效地解决集中式组合服务在系统可伸缩性、消息传输效率、自治性和有效负载均衡等方面的问题,将可执行全局流程等价分解成可执行本地流程,以及将服务组合和负载均衡结合集群概念,研究服务组合的QOS。这些将成为新的挑战,文中通过PDG图进行等价分解,并结合QOS,通过实验测试引擎负载,提出将负载均衡融入服务组合QOS研究思想。     

面向云制造的服务组合执行引擎框架研究

云制造模式下,制造资源被封装成制造服务,通常以服务组合的方式满足用户复 杂的制造需求。针对云制造服务组合执行过程中高效性、准确性和动态性等要求,提出了面向 云制造的服务组合执行引擎框架,并详细阐述了引擎运行机制。首先,通过解析云制造服务组 合描述文件,构造服务组合节点和服务组合依赖边,建立服务组合节点参数关联关系,归纳推 倒出相应的执行规则。然后,基于执行状态变更的服务组合执行算法实现了制造服务组合的动 态执行。最后,给出了面向电梯产业联盟的云制造服务组合执行引擎实例,验证了框架的可行 性和有效性。     

A simulation-based approach for dynamic process management at web service platforms

Web services technology is being adopted as a viable deployment approach for future distributed software systems that enable business-to-business and business-to-consumer interactions across the open and dynamic internet environment. Recent research is focused on developing support technologies for web service discovery, on-demand service composition, and robust execution to facilitate web services based deployment of business processes. Developing techniques to cope with the volatile and open nature of the web during execution of composite services at the service platform is essential for delivering reliable and acceptable performance in this new process delivery framework. In this paper, we propose a simulation-based framework to guide scheduling of composite service execution. Online simulation of the dynamics of the open environment is used for scheduling service requests at the service platform. Comparison of the look-ahead simulation for different scheduling policies with the current execution state provides guidelines for service execution in order to cope with system volatility. We have implemented a prototype of the proposed framework and illustrate the feasibility of our approach with experimental studies.     

QoS-Driven Self-Healing Web Service Composition Based on Performance Prediction

Web services run in a highly dynamic environment, as a result, the QoS of which will change relatively frequently. In order to make the composite service adapt to such dynamic property of Web services, we propose a self-healing approach for web service composition. Such an approach is an integration of backing up in selection and reselecting in execution. In order to make the composite service heal itself as quickly as possible and minimize the number of reselections, a way of performance prediction is proposed in this paper. On this basis, the self-healing approach is presented including framework, the triggering algorithm of the reselection and the reliability model of the service. Experiments show that the proposed solutions have better performance in supporting the self-healing Web service composition. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60773218.     

一种Web服务环境下的事务保障框架

Web服务环境下的业务流程需要事务机制来保障其运行的可靠性和结果的一致性。本文分析了Web服务环境下事务的特点及挑战性问题,介绍了针对这些问题进行的相关工作。在综合这些工作的基础上提出了一个事务保障参考框架,并通过一个应用实例展现该框架如何支持业务流程的可靠运行。     

Service Composition and Execution Plan Generation of Composite Semantic WEB Services Using Abductive Event Calculus

Web Service composition is indispensable, as a single web service cannot satisfy the complex functional requirement of a user. The two key challenges of semantic web service composition are the discovery of the most relevant atomic services from the composite semantic web services and by no means we can assure the execution of the composed atomic services in a proper order. In this work, these two challenges are addressed, and a novel architecture is proposed for atomic service discovery, composition and automatic plan generation for the proper execution of its candidate services. The proposed architecture takes the advantage of abductive event calculus that uses abductive theorem prover to generate a plan for the proper order of execution of the atomic services. The research has found that the plan generated by the proposed architecture is sound and complete.     

面向动态工作流的Web服务组合模型研究

把Web服务与工作流相结合,将Web服务作为工作流中的各项任务,通过Web服务的动态组合技术,建立面向动态工作流的服务组合模型。对Web服务描述进行了扩展,提出了一个基于层次结构的服务发现模型,支持Web服务开发与部署的分离,并通过Web服务的动态查找,对符合要求的可用服务器,引入服务评价函数,根据服务器服务份额、价格策略以及信任度等因素对服务器进行综合评定,实现复合服务在运行时的动态部署与绑定。并通过工作流引擎对各项子任务的交互与完成进行相应控制,最终实现Web服务的动态绑定模型的执行框架。     

Dynamic planning approach to automated web service composition

In this paper, novel ideas are presented for solving the automated web service composition problem. Some of the possible real world problems such as partial observability of the environment, nondeterministic effects of web services and service execution failures are solved through a dynamic planning approach. The proposed approach is based on a novel AI planner that is designed for working in highly dynamic environments under time constraints, namely Simplanner. World altering service calls are done according to the WS-Coordination and WS-Business Activity web service transaction specifications in order to physically recover from failure situations and prevent the undesired side effects of the aborted web service composition efforts.     

一种支持条件分支的语义Web服务组装方式及执行

Web服务组装的目的是使多个Web服务协同工作以完成任务。由于简单的顺序控制结构的组装不能满足较为复杂的协同工作需求,介绍了一种支持条件分支控制结构的语义Web服务组装方式。用户利用该组装器,可在领域知识层进行可视化组装。该基于知识库的执行引擎支持带有条件分支控制结构的组装结果的执行。