红茶、绿茶、乌龙茶活性成分抗氧化性研究

目的与方法：通过醇提得到各种茶多酚提取液,酒石酸亚铁法测定了多酚的含量;水提得到各种茶多糖提取液,用硫酸- 苯酚法测定其中多糖的含量。通过DPPH·法、水杨酸法及邻苯三酚法测定不同茶叶中多酚、多糖含量对自由基的清除作用的影响,对比研究八种茶叶的抗氧化能力。结果：不同茶叶中多糖的含量从2.19%增大到2.89% (半发酵乌龙茶＞红茶＞绿茶),抗氧化能力：红茶＞绿茶＞乌龙茶(DPPH·法);红茶＞绿茶＞乌龙茶(水杨酸法);红茶＞乌龙茶＞绿茶(邻苯三酚法);不同茶叶中多酚的含量从1.71% 增大到9.75% (绿茶＞半发酵乌龙茶＞红茶);结论：茶多糖和多酚是茶叶的主要抗氧化成分。绿茶的抗氧化作用主要来自茶多酚,红茶的抗氧化作用主要来自茶多糖。除乌龙茶多糖提取液外,两种抗氧化成分的抗氧化能力与其含量成量效关系。     

不同季节翠玉品种3大茶类生化成分及 抗氧化活性研究

对不同季节(春、夏、秋)翠玉品种3大茶类(绿茶、乌龙茶和红茶)的生化成分含量及抗氧化能力进行分析研究。结果表明:不同季节翠玉绿茶中,夏茶的抗氧化能力最强,其茶多酚、儿茶素总量较春茶低,但酯型儿茶素的含量为最高;不同季节翠玉乌龙茶中,夏茶的抗氧化能力最强,其茶多酚、儿茶素和酯型儿茶素的含量均为最高,其茶多糖的含量也较绿茶和红茶夏茶高;不同季节翠玉红茶的抗氧化能力差异不大。从不同茶类来看,翠玉品种的茶叶的抗氧化能力表现为绿茶乌龙茶红茶。     

骏眉工艺红茶化学成分及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 探索骏眉工艺加工的红茶化学成分特点和抗氧化活性,方法 搜集了不同产区和嫩度的骏眉工艺红茶样,以及全国各产茶区的对照红茶产品,分析了茶叶中茶多酚、儿茶素、茶黄素和聚酯型儿茶素成分的含量及其总抗氧化活性。结果 骏眉工艺红茶具有较高的茶多酚、儿茶素、茶黄素、聚酯型儿茶素A（theasinensins A, TSA）含量,19个骏眉工艺红茶的茶多酚、儿茶素、茶黄素、TSA含量的均值分别为15.67%、4.50%、0.75%和0.38%,高于24个对照红茶的10.95%、1.75%、0.59%和0.21%。骏眉工艺红茶具有较高的抗氧化活性,19个骏眉工艺红茶的抗氧化活性均值比24个对照红茶均值高57.0%。结论 本研究为探索骏眉工艺红茶化学成分特点及后续的产品品质提升提供了一些理论基础。     

灵芝红茶抗氧化活性成分的含量测定研究

以灵芝红茶为研究对象,应用DPPH·、ABTS~+·和FRAP铁离子还原能力研究灵芝红茶的抗氧化活性,并对灵芝红茶中茶多酚和多糖含量进行测定。结果发现灵芝红茶有清除DPPH自由基、ABTS~+自由基和还原FRAP的作用,表明灵芝红茶具有较强的抗氧化活性。灵芝红茶中的茶多酚和多糖含量测定方法中,没食子酸浓度在4.08μg/mL~16.50μg/mL范围内线性良好,平均回收率分别为99.6%(RSD=2.52%,n=9);葡萄糖浓度在40.33μg/mL~181.50μg/mL范围内线性良好,平均回收率为100.5%(RSD=1.08%,n=9)。所建立的灵芝红茶中茶多酚和多糖的含量测定方法简便快捷,线性、重复性、精密度和回收率良好。此含量测定方法可用于灵芝红茶生产过程中质量控制。     

不同品种英德红茶的品质比较分析

本研究以四种常见英德茶叶品种(A、B、C、D)为研究对象,通过检测茶叶中茶多酚、氨基酸、水溶性糖、茶黄素、抗氧化活性等营养指标以及茶叶质量感官评定,对四种茶叶之间的品质进行对比分析.结果表明:四种红茶茶多酚含量在14.53％～21.98％,水浸出物含量在29.57％～38.56％,氨基酸含量在2.85％～3.04％,茶...     

金萱品种夏暑茶类的生化成分分析及其抗氧化活性研究

本文对金萱品种不同茶类的夏茶与春茶、秋茶的生化成分含量及抗氧化能力进行了分析研究。结果表明:不同季节金萱绿茶中,夏茶的抗氧化能力最强,其茶多酚、儿茶素和酯型儿茶素的含量也最高;不同季节金萱乌龙茶中,夏茶的抗氧化能力最强,与金萱绿茶春茶的抗氧化能力相当,仅次于抗氧化能力最强的金萱绿茶夏茶,其茶多酚、儿茶素和酯型儿茶素的含量较低,茶多糖的含量则明显高于春茶和秋茶;不同季节金萱红茶的抗氧化能力差异不大。从不同茶类来看,金萱品种的茶叶的抗氧化能力表现为绿茶乌龙茶红茶。     

4种茶叶水提物及茶多酚的体外抗氧化性能研究

采用水提法对红茶、乌龙茶、绿茶和茉莉花茶进行提取,并对抽提物中总酚含量和各个儿茶素单体含量进行测定,通过常见的3种抗氧化能力测试方法,即DPPH法、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[(2,2-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt,ABTS)]法及铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP)法对4种茶叶水提物的体外抗氧化能力进行评价,同时比较茶多酚和VC的抗氧化活性。结果表明:4种茶叶水提物均有很强的体外抗氧化活性,绿茶、茉莉花茶、乌龙茶的DPPH法及FRAP法抗氧化活性测试结果优于红茶,红茶的ABTS+·清除率略高于其他3种茶。相关性分析结果显示儿茶素总量、总酚含量、没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin,GC)、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)含量和DPPH法、FRAP法结果呈现正相关,而与ABTS法结果呈现负相关。此外,试验结果表明茶多酚的抗氧化能力高于V_C。     

乳酸菌发酵对红茶饮料营养成分、香气成分及抗氧化活性的影响

以植物乳杆菌菌剂发酵红茶饮料为研究对象,分别采用酒石酸铁比色法、茚三酮比色法和标准碱滴定法测定红茶发酵前后的茶多酚、茶氨酸、咖啡碱及乳酸含量;采用4种不同体外抗氧化模型来考察红茶饮料发酵前后的抗氧化活性;并采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析红茶发酵前后主要香气成分。结果表明,发酵后红茶饮料茶多酚和咖啡碱含量比发酵前稍有下降,茶氨酸含量较发酵前显著上升(P0.05);对部分自由基的清除能力较发酵前略有下降;醇类和酮类等香气成分在发酵后较发酵前有明显增加,有利于提升红茶的香气品质。     

绿茶与红茶浸提液功能性成分含量和抗氧化能力的差异研究

作为全球公认的三大无酒精饮料之一,茶及其制品具有丰富的营养价值和独特的保健功效。本实验以自制的绿茶和红茶为原料,采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基法(DPPH)、氧自由基吸收能力法(ORAC)和细胞抗氧化法(CAA)对两种茶浸提液的抗氧化能力进行测定和比较,并研究了两种茶浸提液中各类功能性成分含量的差异。实验结果表明:两种自制茶浸提液均具有较高的抗氧化活性,但是其抗氧化能力随茶浸提液发酵程度的加深而降低(DPPH法IC50值:绿茶14.58μg DM/mL红茶24.14μg DM/mL;ORAC值:绿茶5313.92±318.75μmol TE/g DM红茶3684.14±233.59μmol TE/g DM;CAA值:绿茶26.23±0.43μmol QE/100 mg DM红茶16.41±0.17μmol QE/100 mg DM);随着发酵程度的加深,茶浸提液干物质总量降低,尤以茶多酚含量降低最为显著;茶多酚是影响茶浸提液抗氧化能力的主要功能性成分。     

英红九号六大茶类生化成分分析及体外活性评价

对英红九号茶树品种六大茶类(绿茶、白茶、黄茶、乌龙茶、红茶和黑茶)的生化成分含量进行分析,并进行体外活性评价。结果表明:英红九号六大茶类中生化成分特点是绿茶的可溶性糖和水浸出含量最高,白茶的各生化成分含量均处于其他茶类之间,黄茶的茶多酚和儿茶素含量最高,乌龙茶的氨基酸含量最高,黄酮和可溶性糖含量最低,红茶的黄酮含量最高,茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸和水浸出物的含量最低,黑茶的氨基酸和水浸出物含量较高,茶多酚和儿茶素含量较低,仅稍高于红茶。英红九号六大茶类的体外抗氧化活性表现为绿茶、乌龙茶和黄茶的活性较高,体外抑制α-淀粉酶活性表现为绿茶和乌龙茶的活性较高,体外抑制脂肪酶活性表现为黑茶活性最高,其他茶类活性相差不大。     

不同规格CTC红碎茶理化与香气成分比较

从感官审评、理化成分、香气成分等方面对4个规格的CTC红碎茶进行分析。结果表明,所有红碎茶干茶色泽以棕褐、茶汤以红亮为主,滋味以浓、强、鲜为突出特点,香气类型为甜香,碎茶3号感官品质评分最高。各类理化成分含量在不同规格红碎茶中有显著差异,水浸出物、茶碱和儿茶素总量随颗粒减小而降低;碎茶3号茶多酚（25.68 mg/g）、咖啡碱（43.67 mg/g）和儿茶素总量（96.93 mg/g）含量最高,碎茶5号黄酮总量（20.30 mg/g）最高。GC-MS从4个规格红碎茶中检测到醇类（44.11%~51.84%）、酯类（15.31%~18.96%）、醛类（5.99%~11.56%）等9类共100种香气物质,共有香气成分21种;碎茶3号香气成分与其他规格差异最大,香气物质种类最为丰富;碎茶2号和末茶香气成分最接近,碎茶5号香气物质种类最少。通过分析,不同规格CTC红碎茶在感官审评、化学成分和香气成分方面各有差别,初步探明不同规格CTC红碎茶的品质差异。     

Discrimination of teas with different degrees of fermentation by SPME–GC analysis of the characteristic volatile flavour compounds

As tea is traded all over the world, it is necessary for both customs officers and business investigators to develop an easy and reliable method to discriminate teas from each other. A total of 56 kinds of various green, Oolong, and black teas were collected from different countries and markets, and their catechin contents and volatile flavour compounds (VFC) were compared by analyses, using HPLC and solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatograph (SPME–GC). It was found that neither total catechin nor individual catechin contents in green and Oolong teas were significantly different among the samples investigated, but the fermentation processes altered the profiles of tea VFC. Because many of the individual VFC did not change in response to the fermentation levels, several VFC in combination might be more reliable than a single compound to identify broader ranges of teas. A total concentration of five VFC, trans-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, methyl-5-hepten-2-one, methyl salicylate, and indole, was shown to be able to discriminate clearly unfermented and fermented teas, while that of trans-2-hexenal and methyl salicylate together supplied an index to differentiate semi- and fully-fermented teas. In addition, the SPME–GC analysis was also able to distinguish real jasmine teas from fake jasmine teas based on the disappearance of some grassy/green odorants.     

Comparison of catechins and volatile compounds among different types of tea using high performance liquid chromatograph and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer

As tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide, it is important for customers and business investigators to develop an easy and reliable method to discriminate between different types of teas from each other. A total of eighty‐seven types of various white, green, oolong, black and Puer teas were collected from the major tea estates in China, and their catechin contents and volatile compounds were compared by high performance liquid chromatograph and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. It was found green tea contained the highest concentrations of total catechins, (?)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) and (?)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), while oolong teas contained the highest concentrations of (?)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) among these five types of teas. The aroma composition and their quantities in different types of teas varied quite widely. The concentration of ECG, EGCG, pentanal, hexanal, methyl jasmonate, indole, (E,E)‐2,4‐hexadienal and 1,2,3‐trimethoxybenzene was shown to be different and could be used to discriminate white, green, oolong, black and Puer teas. The result showed that different types of teas could be partially classified by cluster analysis using index of individual catechins and volatile components.     

Chemical characterisation of CTC black tea of northeast India: correlation of quality parameters with tea tasters' evaluation

BACKGROUND: Consumers have different regional perceptions of tea quality. Objective evaluation based on biochemical data for different regions has been needed for a long time. Biochemical factors regulating this variation would help to remove regional disparities. This study was undertaken on CTC (crust, tear and curl) black tea to generate the biochemical data responsible for quality along with tea tasters' evaluation of three geographical regions of northeast India and to determine the reason for the variation. RESULTS: Brahmaputra valley teas had highest theaflavin (TF), thearubigin (TR), brightness (BR) and total colour (TC) and low crude fibre content (CFC) and total polyphenol (TPP). Brahmaputra valley and Dooars region teas showed high total soluble solid (TSS). Barak valley teas had highest CFC and low TSS, caffeine (CA), TF, TR and TC. Dooars region teas had high CA and TPP and low BR. Dooars region and Barak valley teas contained higher levels of residual catechin than Brahmaputra valley teas. CONCLUSION: Overall quality as evaluated by tea tasters was found to be highest for Brahmaputra valley teas followed by Dooars region and Barak valley teas. This high evaluation can be attributed to higher levels of TF, TR, BR and TSS. Barak valley and Dooars region teas contained high residual catechin, indicating limitation in oxidation during processing. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同等级红茶的抗氧化活性及关键成分比较分析

为了分析三个不同等级红茶的抗氧化活性强弱及关键差异成分,该研究检测分析了红茶样品抗氧化活性及主要化学成分的含量。实验结果表明：红茶抗氧化活性随红茶等级的升高呈现出递增趋势,其中特级红茶和二级红茶之间差异达到显著水平（p<0.05）;此外,这五款不同品类红茶间抗氧化活性强弱水平也参差不齐,存在较大差异。检测成分发现,红茶样品内的咖啡碱、多酚、儿茶素、非酯型儿茶素、没食子酸、茶黄素含量随红茶等级升高逐渐增加;而多酚和酯型儿茶素含量变化则与品类间红茶活性变化一致;相关性分析发现红茶的抗氧化活性与多酚、儿茶素、非酯型儿茶素、酯型儿茶素、没食子酸、茶黄素等成分含量具有较强的正相关,其中多酚含量与4种抗氧化活性指标相关性均达到极显著水平（p<0.01）,与T-AOC值和DPPH值相关系数均达到0.9以上。综上可知,红茶的等级会对其抗氧化活性造成影响,多酚及其衍生物是决定红茶等级和抗氧化活性的重要指标。     

4种乌龙茶树鲜叶适制绿茶、黄茶、白茶、红茶可行性研究

选用‘毛蟹’、‘丹桂’、‘九龙袍’、‘矮脚乌龙’4个乌龙茶树品种新梢为原料,分别蒸青固样并加工成绿茶、黄茶、白茶、红茶。所制茶样通过感官审评和生化成分分析,分析其茶类适制性。结果表明:用‘毛蟹’试制的绿茶,其氨基酸含量在4个品种中最高,为2.02%,酯型儿茶素含量为10.27%,仅低于九龙袍;用‘毛蟹’试制的黄茶,其水浸出物含量、氨基酸含量和咖啡碱含量分别为40.91%、2.13%、3.96%,均高于其它3个品种;用‘毛蟹’试制的白茶,其水浸出物含量在4个品种中最高,为44.32%,茶多酚含量为24.28%,仅低于矮脚乌龙;用‘矮脚乌龙’试制的红茶,其水浸出物含量、茶多酚含量、儿茶素总量和茶黄素含量均为4个品种中最高,分别为40.17%、23.34%、3.18%、0.42%。感官审评结果表明,‘毛蟹’制绿茶、黄茶和白茶品质均优,‘矮脚乌龙’制红茶品质优,‘丹桂’制白茶品质较优。综上,‘毛蟹’品种茶类适制性强,适制绿茶、黄茶和白茶,‘矮脚乌龙’适制红茶,‘丹桂’适制白茶。     

红紫芽品种的茶类适制性研究

以不同季节红叶1号、红叶2号、丹妃三个红紫芽品种（系）为供试原料制成绿茶、白茶和红茶,通过茶叶品质分析及感官审评方法综合评价了红紫芽茶树品种（系）的茶类适制性。结果表明,同一品种（系）制成的绿茶和白茶理化成分含量高于对应的红茶。绿茶中各理化成分含量最高,可溶性糖含量三季平均为4.24%~4.69%,而红茶则为3.54%~3.96%。氨基酸含量在白茶中高于绿茶和红茶,白茶中含量达3.40%以上,而红茶和绿茶中含量在3%左右。红紫芽绿茶中花青素含量夏季>秋季>春季,夏季含量为0.086%~0.115%;除了春季白茶检出痕量的花青素外,其余不同季节的白茶和红茶均未检出花青素。感官审评结果表明,白茶普遍具有优雅、浓郁的花香或果香,滋味甜醇鲜爽的特点;红茶普遍具有甜香浓郁、滋味甜醇鲜爽的特点;绿茶品质成分丰富,汤色呈红紫色。研究认为,红紫芽茶更适合制作红茶和白茶,而制成的绿茶则可以作为一种新型特异茶饮进行推广。本研究为红紫芽茶的深入利用提供了理论基础和实践依据。     

不同类型江西名茶儿茶素含量及体外抗氧化能力比较

采用高效液相色谱法测定江西11种名茶中的5种儿茶素(儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、儿茶素没食子酸酯)含量,并通过测定茶叶样品的DPPH自由基清除能力、铁还原抗氧化能力、ABTS+自由基清除能力和总还原能力4项体外抗氧化指标,比较11种江西名茶的抗氧化能力。研究结果表明:上述茶叶中5种儿茶素含量有较大差异,总儿茶素含量大部分差异不显著,绿茶和白茶总儿茶素和各种儿茶素含量总体比红茶高;各种类型茶叶均表现出明显的抗氧化能力,总体趋势也是绿茶和白茶强于红茶。从抗氧化、防衰老的角度来说,推荐消费者优先选择井岗翠绿、浮瑶仙芝等绿茶,资溪白茶、靖安白茶等白茶。     

Chemical Forms of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc in Black, Oolong, Green and Instant Black Tea

The chemical forms of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc were quantified in black, oolong, green and instant black tea infusions. Iron was least soluble in black tea (69%) and most soluble in instant black tea (100%). Calcium was least soluble in green tea (46%) and instant black tea (35%). Almost all magnesium and zinc (89%-98%) were soluble in all teas. The fermented teas had more complexed iron than unfermented tea. Conversely, more ionic iron was in green tea. All ionic iron in the four teas was in the ferric state. Tannase, a polyphenol degrading enzyme, and lemon juice solubilized iron and calcium in some teas. Tannase and lemon juice might reduce the detrimental effect of tea on mineral availability.