Research on Eddy Current Testing System of the Carburized Layer Depth of 20CrMnTi Steel

In this paper the carbon distribution in the carburized layer of 20CrMnTi steel was studied. The relationship between the depth of a carburized layer and the surface carbon distribution was established. Eddy current testing system of the case depth of this carburized steel was built by using ANSYS software as second development platform.     

Plasma Nitriding of Austenitic Stainless Steel with Severe Surface Deformation Layer

The dc glow discharge plasma nitriding of austenite stainless steel with severe surface deformation layer is used to produce much thicker surface modified layer. This kind of layers has useful properties such as a high surface hardness of about 1500 Hv 0.1 and high resistance to frictional wear. This paper presents the structures and properties of low temperature plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel with severe surface deformation layer.     

High temperature oxidation resistance of plasma sprayed NiCrAl＋（ZrO2＋Y2O3） gradated coating on stainless steel surface

The plasma sprayed gradated coating with the bottom layer of NiCrA1 and the top layer of （ZrO2＋Y2O3） was prepared by the plasma spraying technique. The phase structure and morphology of the gradated coating were analyzed by means of X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The high temperature oxidation resistance of the plasma sprayed samples at 800℃ was investigated. The oxidation kinetics curve was obtained. The results show that the thickness of gradated coating is about 410 μm. The plasma sprayed gradated coating on stainless steel surface can improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of stainless steel. The oxidation rate of stainless steel is less than that of plasma sprayed gradated coating. The oxidation film of plasma sprayed sample is very dense and is not easily exfoliated. The dense oxidation film prevents the stainless steel from more oxidation.     

A Hybrid Low Temperature Surface Alloying Process for Austenitic Stainless Steels

This paper describes a novel, hybrid process developed to engineer the surfaces of austenitic stainless steels at temperatures below 450℃ for the improvement in wear and corrosion resistance. The process is carried out in the plasma of a glow discharge containing both nitrogen and carbon reactive species, and facilitates the incorporation of both nitrogen and carbon into the austenite surface to form a dual-layer structure comprising a nitrogen-rich layer on top of a carbon-rich layer.Both layers can be precipitation-free at sufficiently low processing temperatures, and contain nitrogen and carbon respectively in supersaturated fcc austenite solid solutions. The resultant hybrid structure offers several advantages over the conventional low temperature nitriding and the newly developed carburizing processes in terms of mechanical and chemical properties, including higher surface hardness, a hardness gradient from the surface towards the layer-core interface, uniform layer thickness, and much enhanced corrosion resistance. This paper discusses the main features of this hybrid process and the various structural and properties characteristics of the resultant engineered surfaces.     

Effect of carbon on tribological property of plasma carburized TiAl based alloy

Plasma carburization at two different methane-to-argon gas ratios （5：5 and 6：5） was carried out on the cast TiAI based alloy of Ti-46.5Al-2.5V-1Cr （mole fraction, %） in order to enhance its wear resistance. The results show that after carburization under both carburizing atmospheres, Ti2AlC and TiC are the main carbides in the carburized layer and the value of surface hardness reaches more than HK 822, but for the carburized TiA; treated at CH4：Ar of 5-5, the surface carbon concentration is higher and the carburized depth is slightly thicker than that of alloy carburized at CH4：Ar of 6：5. The result of the ball-on-disk test against hardening-steel counter bodies shows that the wear resistance of the TiAl based alloy carburized under two different carburizing atmospheres is improved compared with non-carburized TiAl. The tribological property is related to the carbon content, and the carburized layer obtained at CH4：Ar of 5：5 possesses a stable friction coefficient, lower volume loss or wear rate and narrow wear scar, The characteristic of the carburized layer was examined by using optical microscopy, glow discharge spectrum and micro-hardness tester.     

Ionic bombardment of stainless steel by nitrogen and nickel ions immersion

A new nitriding process was used to carry out the ionic bombardment, in which nickel ion was introduced. The microstructure, composition and properties of the treated stainless steel were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, micro-hardness test and electrochemistry method. The results show that the hardness of the stainless steel is greatly increased after ionic bombardment under nitrogen and nickel ions immersion. Vickers＇ hardness as high as Hv1268 is obtained. The bombarded stainless steel is of a little reduction in corrosion resistance, as compared with the original stainless steel. However, as compared with the traditional ion-nitriding stainless steel, the corrosion resistance is greatly improved.     

Investigations on the Corrosion Behaviour and Structural Characteristics of Low Temperature Nitrided and Carburised Austenitic Stainless Steel

The wear resistance of austenitic stainless steels can be improved by thermo-chemical surface treatment with nitrogen and carbon. However, it is possible that the corrosion resistance will be impaired by the precipitation of chromiumnitrid or -carbide. The present contribution deals with investigations of the corrosion behaviour and structural characteristics of a low temperature nitrided and carburised austenitic stainless steel.The material investigated was AISI 316L (X2CrNiMol7-12-2) austenitic stainless steel. A commercial plasma-nitriding unit (pulsed dc) was used for the nitriding and carburising process. Additional samples were treated by the gasoxinitriding process for a comparison between plasma- and gasoxinitriding. The nitrided and carburised layer of austenitic stainless steel consists of the nitrogen or carbon S-phase (expanded austenite), respectively. X-ray diffraction investigations show the typical shift of the peaks to lower angles, indicating expansion of the fcc lattice. Also the X-ray diffraction technique was employed to study the residual stresses in the nitrogen and carbon S-phase. The corrosion behaviour of surface engineered samples was investigated with electrochemical methods. Anodic potentiodynamic polarisation curves were recorded for testing the resistance against general corrosion (in H2SO4) and pitting corrosion (in NaCl).     

EFFECT OF SUBSTRUCTURE AND RESIDUAL STRESS IN STRENGTHENED LAYER ON FATIGUE STRENGTH OF STAINLESS OR LOW CARBON STEEL

In the strengthened layer of stainless steel after shot peening,there are a great amount ofdeformation microtwins which may act as structural strengthening factor and prevent thegradual relaxation of surface residual stress during fatigue,so as to keep its rather high levelof bending fatigue strength.However,in the strengthened surface layer of low carbon steel,dislocation cell structure is so unstalbe during fatigue that its surface residual stress relaxationcannot be retarded.Therefore,the bending fatigue strength of the low carbon steel can not beimprored by shot peening.     

The Study of Plasma Nitriding of AISI304 Stainless Steel

This paper presents results on the plasma nitriding of AISI 304 stainless steel at different temperatures in NH3gas. The working pressure was 100～200 Pa and the discharge voltage was 700～800V. The phase of nltrided layer formed on the surface was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The hardness of the samples was measured by using a Vickers microhardness tester with the load of 50g. After nitriding at about 400℃ for two hours a nitrided layer consisting of single γN phase with thickness of 51.tm was obtained. Microhardness measurements showed significant increase in the hardness from 240 HV (for untreated samples) up to 950 HV (for nltrided samples at temperature of 420℃). The phase composition, the thickness, the microstructure and the surface topography of the nltrided layer as well as its properties depend essentially on the process parameters.     

Hot-roll bonding of Al-Pb bearing alloy strips and hot dip aluminized steel sheets

In this paper, the basic bonding mechanism between two materials of practical importance is identified. One of the materials is carbon steel, which has been aluminized on its surface by immersion in molten aluminum. This step produced a Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer. The other material is an Al-Pb alloy (a bearing material). The two materials were hot roll bonded together. It was found that the Fe-Al intermetallic compound broke into discontinuous blocks during the hot rolling operation. The block of intermetallic compound remained bonded to the steel. The overall bond between the Al-Pb strip and the steel strip resulted from two different bonds. The Al-Pb strip and the Fe-Al intermetallic compound (this is called the “block bond” in this paper) and the Al-Pb strip and the bare steel surface in the area where the block separated from the steel substrate (this is called the “blank bond” in this paper). The effects of dipping time and thickness of the intermetallic layer as well as the fractional amount of blank interfaces on the interfacial bonding strength were investigated. The total bonding strength mainly depended on that of blank interfaces and the area fraction of blank interfaces. There was a linear relationship between total bonding strength and fraction of blank interfaces. The bonding strength of blank interfaces was four times as high as that of the block interfaces. The fraction of blank interfaces increased with increasing intermetallic thickness values below 73 μm and decreased beyond 73 μm.     

AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢低温离子-气体渗碳工艺优化

目的将低温离子-气体乙炔渗碳应用于AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢表面硬化处理,同时探讨其硬化处理的最优工艺参数及优化效果。方法采用离子轰击去除不锈钢表面钝化膜并活化其表面,再进行低温气体乙炔渗碳,实验过程使用脉冲式供气循环处理方式。进行温度梯度实验,寻找渗碳处理的临界温度。并采用正交试验法设计3因素3水平共9组实验,分析气体比例、离子轰击时间、保温压强3个因素对渗碳层硬度和厚度产生的影响,以期得到不锈钢低温离子-气体乙炔渗碳优化工艺。通过对经过最优化工艺处理过后的不锈钢硬化层组织、成分、厚度、硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性能的研究分析,验证此工艺对AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢硬化处理的适用性。结果处理温度为540℃时渗碳层有碳的铬化物析出;离子轰击时间对渗碳层硬度影响最大,保温压强对硬化层厚度影响最明显。在硬化处理温度为520℃,V(H2)∶V(C2H2)=1∶1,渗碳压强为-0.02 MPa,离子轰击时间为20 min时,316L奥氏体不锈钢离子-气体乙炔渗碳效果最优。经优化工艺处理后不锈钢硬化层厚度达到30μm左右,表面硬度达到838HV0.05,耐蚀性和耐磨性能等都显著提高。结论低温离子-气体乙炔渗碳硬化处理适用于AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢,其处理最合适温度为520℃。经优化工艺处理后的不锈钢具有较高的硬度、厚度,良好的硬度梯度,高耐蚀性能及高耐磨性能。     

硅对准贝氏体渗碳钢组织与性能的影响

研究了硅对准贝氏体渗碳钢渗碳组织与性能的影响。试验结果表明，硅降低渗层碳浓度、使渗碳层碳含量的分布平缓，阻碍渗层碳化物析出，渗碳后空冷渗层最外层组织为高碳马氏体和残留奥氏体。硅能显著提高渗碳钢的回火抗力。     

离子渗碳温度对316L不锈钢渗层组织和性能的影响

利用低温离子渗碳技术.在不同温度下对AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢进行渗碳处理.利用光学显微镜、显微硬度计、XRD以及电化学测试技术研究了渗碳温度对不锈钢表面显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明,渗碳温度显著影响AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢渗碳层的组织结构与性能.渗碳温度在400～550℃之间时,可以获得无碳化物析出的、具有单一γ_c相结构的渗碳层;渗碳温度在550℃时,渗碳层为γ相+Cr_(23)C_6+Cr_7C_3+Fe_3C+Fe_2C的混合组织.渗碳层的厚度与硬度均随渗碳温度的升高而增加.550℃是AISI 316L奥氏体不锈钢中铬的碳化物析出的临界温度.为了避免铬的碳化物析出而降低不锈钢的耐蚀性能.奥氏体不锈钢渗碳必须在低于550℃的渗碳温度下进行.     

智能型真空渗碳淬火炉研制及应用

智能型真空渗碳淬火炉具有功能强大的计算机控制系统和专家系统,可以根据工件材料特性和渗层要求等初始参数自动生成真空渗碳工艺,解决了困扰真空渗碳碳黑、焦油污染和渗层均匀性问题,提高了生产稳定性和质量一致性,实现真空渗碳淬火的智能化自动生产,提高了渗碳质量,已成功用于航空工业中高合金钢和不锈钢的渗碳。     

航空轴承钢M50NiL真空低压渗碳热处理工艺研究

为探究渗碳全流程工艺对航空轴承用钢M50NiL渗层组织性能的影响规律,对M50NiL钢开展了真空低压渗碳热处理研究,分析了渗碳、淬火、冷处理和回火等工艺对渗层的组织演变及其对应硬度梯度分布的影响。结果表明,经渗碳淬火后,实验钢有效渗层深度为1.25 mm,随着碳浓度的降低,从渗层表面到芯部碳化物的体积分数和析出尺寸逐渐减小,显微硬度呈现逐渐下降趋势。冷处理工艺促使部分残余奥氏体组织转变为马氏体组织,进一步提高渗层整体硬度。经回火处理后,表面硬度有所降低。实验钢表面碳化物主要为Cr、V、Mo、Ni的碳化物。     

不锈钢低温渗氮/渗碳S相渗层技术的研究进展

奥氏体不锈钢通过低温渗氮/渗碳,获得含氮/碳固溶饱和的扩散层,即S相渗层,不仅提高了不锈钢表面硬度,而且还提高了不锈钢的耐蚀性。本文综述了不锈钢S相渗层研究与应用技术的最新研究进展,分析了低温离子渗氮/渗碳、气体低温渗氮/渗碳、高温渗氮固溶淬火及离子注入渗氮技术的工艺特点。讨论了S相渗层的力学性能和耐蚀性能,分析了国内S相低温渗层技术工业应用存在的问题,展望了S相技术的发展前景。     

航空齿轮钢C69高温渗碳后的组织性能

通过OM、SEM、TEM以及显微硬度计等设备研究了1050 ℃下不同渗碳工艺对航空齿轮钢C69组织及性能的影响。结果表明,经渗碳、深冷和回火处理后,渗碳层表层的显微硬度最高可达约950 HV0.3,组织为针状马氏体,马氏体上观察到M₃C、M₂C碳化物,晶界处有M₇C₃碳化物分布,次表层组织为针状马氏体和板条马氏体,心部显微硬度约为630 HV0.3,组织主要为板条马氏体。循环渗碳的渗碳效率更高,随循环次数增加,试验钢的表面碳含量和渗碳层深度不断提高,且晶界处M₇C₃尺寸和数量逐渐增加。4次循环渗碳的表面碳含量为1.14%,渗碳层深度约为3.0 mm。     

甘油体系中不锈钢表面液相等离子体电解渗碳工艺

采用液相等离子体电解渗方法,在80%甘油水溶液中实现了304不锈钢表面快速渗碳。研究施加电压和放电时间对渗碳过程的影响,分析了渗碳层的显微组织,并比较了不同工艺条件下渗碳层显微硬度分布。结果表明:经过5 min的快速放电处理,渗碳层厚度接近100μm,硬度达到880 HV。在350 V和3 min渗透条件下渗碳层质量较好。     

气体渗碳CAD软件的试验验证

用20CrMnTi和20CrMo钢制的试样,根据渗碳层深度分别为1．2mm和1．4mm的齿轮的技术要求,在装备有气体渗碳动态碳势控制CAD软件的渗碳炉上分别进行了试验,对模拟结果进行了验证,证实了该软件功能强劲、控制准确。其表面碳浓度（质量分数）偏差＜0．05％;渗层内的碳浓度梯度曲线平滑,呈“S”平台分布;渗层深度为1．2mm和1．4mm时,渗层深度的偏差＜0．05mm。用该软件设计的渗碳工艺与实际检测结果能很好地吻合。     

AISI 201奥氏体不锈钢低温离子渗碳

利用低温等离子体辉光放电技术对AISI 201奥氏体不锈钢进行低温离子渗碳(DCPC)处理,处理后的不锈钢表面可以形成一层无碳化铬析出的碳的过饱和固溶体(SC相)。由于渗入钢中的过饱和碳原子引起奥氏体晶格发生畸变,结果使渗层的硬度和耐蚀性都有较大幅度的提高。