国产代森锰锌的非等温热分解反应动力学研究

用热分析的方法研究了3个国产优质代森锰锌的热分解反应,测定了该反应的活化能,提供了该反应的动力学基础数据。在所采用的测定和数据处理方法的条件下确定:用热重法(TG)测定代森锰锌的热分解反应活化能(Ea)的精确度比差示扫描量热法(DSC)高;用TG法测定产品Ⅱ的Ea(166±8kJ/mol)高于产品Ⅰ(146±8kJ/mol)和产品Ⅲ(148±5kJ/mol);这种测定热分解反应活化能的方法可望普遍用于研究提高代森锰锌热稳定性的生产工艺、添加剂筛选。     

PEN热行为研究

通过DSC及TG研究了PEN的转变温度、热稳定性及热氧稳定性，分析了DSC谱上双熔融峰、熔前结晶及熔体结晶等有关现象。结果表明PEN聚合物的结晶速度缓慢，有良好的热稳定性及热氧稳定性。     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠对抗静电PET树脂的性能影响

研究了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSSNa)对抗静电聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)树脂的性能的影响.通过电阻率测试、热失重分析(TG)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等测试方法考察了PSSNa对抗静电PET树脂的抗静电性能、热稳定性及结晶行为的影响.研究发现,在抗静电PET树脂中加入PSSNa,提高了抗静电PET树脂的热稳定性及结晶温度,并且进一步降低了抗静电PET树脂的电阻率.     

含能离子液体化合物AMTN的合成与性能研究

以4—氨基—1, 2, 4—三唑(ATZ)为原料,通过烷基化、离子交换合成了4—氨基—1—甲基—1, 2, 4—三唑硝酸盐(AMTN);采用红外光谱、1H—NMR(核磁共振)、13C—NMR及元素分析等对中间体及最终产物进行了结构表征;采用DSC(差示扫描量热)、TG(热重分析)跟踪,研究了AMTN的热稳定性;利用Gaussian 09程序和Kamlet—Jacobs方程,对AMTN的爆轰性能进行了计算,其密度为1.43 g/cm3,爆速为7 391.2 m/s,爆压为21.3 GPa。     

三(苄基硫醇)锑的合成及其应用性能

以苄基硫醇、三氧化二锑 (或三氯化锑 )等为原料 ,研究了三 (苄基硫醇 )锑的最佳合成工艺条件 ,产率分别达到 90 %和 95 %。用元素分析法及红外光谱技术对产品进行了表征 ,热分析技术 (TG和DSC)研究表明 ,含合成产物的聚氯乙烯 (PVC)制品的初始分解温度在 2 2 0℃以上 ,其热分解效应为 1 1 5 5J/g。热老化研究表明 ,当合成产物添加量达 1 5份 (PVC质量为 1 0 0份 )时 ,PVC树脂的热稳定时间为 1 8min(2 0 0℃ ) ,当其与硫醇钡以质量比 3∶1复配时 ,可显著提高PVC制品的长期热稳定性     

粉煤灰水热合成方沸石及其表征

以粉煤灰为原料,通过水热反应合成了粉煤灰沸石,并通过粉末X-射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)、热重和差式扫描量热分析(TG/DSC)等手段对产物进行了分析表征.结果表明,在实验配比条件下,190℃水热反应12～24 h,合成产物均为纯度较高的方沸石,分子式为Na[AlSi2 O6]·H2 O.PXRD和SEM表明合成产物有典型的方沸石结构和形貌特征,FTIR结果符合方沸石红外图谱,TG/DSC表明产品具有较好的热稳定性,通过DFT方法,得到沸石孔容积为0.028 cm3/g,比表面积为6.926 m2/g,表观主孔径约为3 nm,BET等效比表面积为11.194 m2/g.     

稀土羧酸盐热稳定剂对氯化聚乙烯(CPE)热性能的影响

主要通过运用红外光谱分析(IR)、静态热稳定(刚果红法)及热分析(DSC、TG)等方法对CPE的热性能进行了研究。结果表明,CPE(135#)与DOW3611P的分子结构基本相同,而DOW3611P的热稳定性要比135#好,同时稀土羧酸盐热稳定剂的加入对提高CPE热稳定性起到了良好的作用。     

聚酯树脂粉末涂料的固化行为

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对固态条件下聚酯/TGIC(triglycidyl isocyanurate)体系的非等温固化反应动力学进行了研究。根据DSC和热重（TG）的分析结果,对聚酯粉末的固化过程及热稳定性进行了探讨,通过温度-升温速率图外推法确定了该体系的凝胶温度、固化温度和后固化温度分别为113、146和195℃。采用Kissinger方程、Doyle-Ozawa方程和Crane方程对DSC数据进行分析,得到了固化反应的平均表观活化能65.71 kJ·mol^-1,频率因子8.50×106 min^-1、反应级数0.95,建立了该树脂体系的固化动力学模型。讨论了固化反应速率、固化度、固化温度与时间等关系的变化规律及影响因素,为优化铝型材用粉末涂料聚酯体系的固化工艺提供了理论基础。     

润滑脂物性及其对HIPS力学性能影响的分析

用红外光谱(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热失重法(TG)对5种润滑脂进行成分和物性分析,并考察了润滑脂对弯曲受力HIPS力学性能的影响。结果表明,聚α-烯烃油润滑脂和硅脂的热稳定性好于矿物油润滑脂,并且其对HIPS力学性能影响较小。     

GAP基热塑性弹性体的合成与表征

以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为原料,采用两步法合成了一种GAP基的含能热塑性弹性体(ETPE).用差示扫描量热(DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重(TG)和万能材料拉伸机等对ETPE进行了表征.结果表明,ETPE具有良好的低温性能和热稳定性,高...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.