紫外线吸收剂的研究进展

紫外线吸收剂是一类可防止太阳光或其他人造紫外光引起聚合物降解的物质。2-(2′-羟基)苯并三唑、2-羟基二苯酮、水杨酸酯等可用作紫外线吸收剂,本文综述了其合成和应用的情况,该类产品的改性使之性能更好,可用于一些工程塑料中。     

保险粉法合成紫外线吸收剂UV-326

大气层中的臭氧层仅能屏蔽280nm以下的紫外光，而280nm以上的紫外线对人体非常有害。化学名称为2-（2-羟基-3-叔丁基-5-甲基苯基）-5-氯-苯并三唑的紫外线吸收剂UV-326不仅能够吸收280～370nm的紫外线，且其稳定性好、毒性小，是苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂中唯一被美国FDA批准可用于与食品接触的塑料制品的添加剂，也可广泛应用于涂料、合成橡胶、合成纤维、光敏材料等，有效提高这些材料的耐光性。     

紫外线吸收剂的研究进展

紫外线吸收剂是一类可防止太阳光或其他人造紫外光引起聚合物降解的物质。2(2’羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2羟基二苯酮、水杨酸酯等可用做紫外线吸收剂,本文综述了其合成和应用的情况,该类产品的改性使之性能更好,可用于一些工程塑料中。     

水和醇溶性紫外线吸收剂

<正> 现有许多紫外线吸收剂水溶性的较少,我们在实验室合成了紫外线吸收剂2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸,此化合物中含磺酸基团,故能溶于水,也溶于酒精、甲醇、甲乙     

聚合型紫外线吸收剂的合成研究Ⅰ.含2-羟基-4-丙烯酸酯基二苯甲酮的丙烯酸酯类乳液聚合

通过“粒子设计”利用核壳乳液聚合技术以功能型紫外线吸收剂、苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯为单体制备出核壳结构的聚合物乳胶粒。其中,功能型紫外线吸收剂2-羟基-4-丙烯酸酯基二苯甲酮由2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮和丙烯酰氯制备。通过紫外分光光度法测试,此乳胶粒的吸收度大于同浓度下的功能型单体及2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮。     

邻羟基苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的结构与作用特点及发展趋势

邻羟基苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂,也称羟基苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂,简称苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂,是国际、国内消费量最大的一类紫外线吸收型光稳定剂。     

新型紫外线吸收剂—三嗪-5

三嗪-5是一种新型高效紫外线吸收剂,是目前紫外线吸收剂中吸收能力强和抗氧性能好的一个新品种,原料立足国内,并具有产品成本低,合成工艺简单等优点。主要用于聚氯乙烯农业薄膜、工程塑料、乳胶及清漆涂料等方面。其主要组分为2、4、6-三(2′-羟基-4′-丁氧基苯基)1、3、5一三嗪和2、4-二(2′-羟基-4′-丁氧基苯基)6-(2″、4″-二羟基苯基)1、3、5-三嗪组成的混合物。在太原化工研究所进行三嗪系紫外线吸收     

二苯甲酮-三嗪紫外线吸收剂的合成及结构性能研究

以2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、三聚氯氰、间苯二酚作为主要原料,通过2种方法合成二苯甲酮-三嗪混合型紫外线吸收剂(简称混合型吸收剂)。方法 A为由2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、三聚氯氰制得4-(4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪-2-氧基)-2-羟基二苯甲酮(化合物Ⅰ),化合物Ⅰ再与间苯二酚反应制得混合型吸收剂;方法 B为由三聚氯氰、间苯二酚制得2,4-二(2,4-二羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(化合物Ⅱ),化合物Ⅱ再与2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮反应制得混合型吸收剂,研究了化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ、混合型吸收剂的结构与性能。结果表明:方法 A合成的混合型吸收剂收率为73.5%,方法 B的收率为70.4%,所合成的产物为目标产物;所合成的中间产物及最终产物不溶于水及部分有机溶剂;混合型吸收剂在波长275,345 nm处有最大吸收峰,在波长为255~280,335~400 nm时,混合型吸收剂的紫外吸收性能优于化合物Ⅰ和化合物Ⅱ,在波长为280~310 nm时,3种紫外线吸收剂的紫外吸收性能由大到小依次为混合型吸收剂、化合物Ⅰ、化合物Ⅱ。     

紫外线吸收剂2,4-二(3'''',5''''-二甲苯基)-6-(2''''-羟基-4''''-辛氧基)苯基-1,3,5三嗪的合成

采用三聚氯氰与间二甲苯在三氯化铝存在下于50℃反应36h合成中间体Ⅰ，将其与间苯二酚于110℃反应4h，合成了中间体Ⅱ。将中间体Ⅱ与NaOH及溴辛烷在DMF中于70℃反应1h，经冷却、抽滤，用二氯甲烷重结晶，得到淡黄色的紫外线吸收剂2，4-二（3’，5’-二甲苯基）-6-（2’-羟基-4’-辛氧基）苯基-1，3，5三嗪各步骤的收率依次为93％，94％，88％。讨论了反应温度、时间及反应物配比对各步反应的影响。与苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂Tinuvin326的应用对比结果表明，三嗪类紫外线吸收剂Cyasorb UV-1164具有较好的抗老化能力。     

苯并三氮唑类反应型紫外线吸收剂的合成与应用性能

以2-(2'-羟基-5'-叔丁基苯基)苯并三氮唑、N-羟甲基氯乙酰胺、三聚氯氰、间位酯为原料,合成了一种棉用的反应型紫外吸收剂,并通过核磁确认了其结构。应用该紫外线吸收剂整理的织物在UVA和UVB波段均具有很好的紫外线防护效果,其紫外线吸收系数(UPF值)经过50次洗涤后,保留率高于90%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。