PVC／OMMT／WF纳米复合材料性能研究

对蒙脱土进行有机改性制得有机蒙脱土（OMMT），并制备了聚氯乙烯侑机蒙脱土／木粉（PVC／OMMT／WF）纳米复合材料。采用硅烷偶联剂对木粉表面进行改性，有效提高了聚氯乙烯／木粉（PVC／WF）复合材料的力学性能，其中加入1．5％（质量含量，下同）硅烷偶联剂可使复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高14．8％和18．5％。研究了OMMT的加入对木粉改性前后的PVC／WF复合材料力学性能、耐热性能及阻燃性能的影响，结果表明，木粉未经改性时，OMMT加入无助于PVC／OMMT／WF复合材料力学性能的提高；木粉用硅烷偶联剂改性后，添加少量的OMMT，可使PVC／OMMT／WF复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度明显提高。研究表明，添加OMMT可显著延迟复合材料的点燃时间，燃烧残余率也明显增加，OMMT是PVC／WF复合材料的高效阻燃剂。     

改性木粉／PVC复合材料的性能研究

讨论了利用接枝的方法改性木粉，提高其与PVC树脂的界面粘合性，利用XPS验证接枝结果；测试了复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能；比较了硅烷偶联剂处理、碱浸泡与硅烷偶联剂双重处理、接枝改性三种木粉处理的优劣。     

木粉的碱化处理对木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用木粉填充高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）制备复合材料。为增强亲水性的木粉和憎水性的HDPE基质之间的化学亲和力,对木粉碱化处理。研究了相容剂用量和木粉的碱化处理对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果显示,马来酸酐接枝HDPE可明显提高复合材料的力学性能．表现出很好的增容效果：与用未碱化处理的木粉填充的复合材料相比,木粉的碱化处理使复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别下降20．4％和36．2％：在不使用相容剂的情况下,木粉的碱化处理也会使复合材料的拉伸强度下降．但在使用适量相容剂后．则可使复合材料的拉伸强度从未处理时的30．3MPa提高到36．5MPa,与纯HDPE相比,拉伸强度提高了44.8％。     

果壳粉和木粉的制备与表面处理方法的研究

以果壳和木屑为原材料,制备成不同目数果壳粉和木粉,并分别对果壳粉和木粉表面进行改性。本实验采用表面接枝马来酸酐(MAH)的果壳粉和木粉处理方法,将MAH改性后的木粉和果壳粉填加到PVC树脂基体中,通过改变MAH的用量,比较了果壳粉和木粉/PVC复合材料拉伸,抗弯性能的变化情况。复合材料的抗弯强度和拉伸强度明显提高,果壳粉和木粉填充复合材料的弯曲强度分别达到68.12 MPa和80.05 MPa,达到最大值。果壳粉与PVC的界面连接得到改善。实验结果表明:改性后的果壳粉/复合材料的拉伸性能和抗弯性能明显提高。     

红磷阻燃PA6/PP/硅灰石复合材料的制备

以采用固相力化学方法制备的聚丙烯接枝羟甲基丙烯酰胺作增容剂，红磷作阻燃剂制备了阻燃型硅灰石填充PA6／PP复合材料，该复合材料具有很好的力学和阻燃性能，当红磷的质量分数为6．5％时，该复合材料的极限氧指数达到32％，拉伸强度为57．5MPa，悬臂梁缺口冲击强度为37J/m。     

（PE-HD／SEBS）-g-MAH对PE-HD／木粉复合材料增容的研究

采用转矩流变仪制备出马来酸酐（MAH）接枝PE-HD）／氢化（苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯）共聚物（SEBS）（PE-HD/SEBS）-g-MAH作为PE-HD／共混物木粉复合材料的界面相容剂，并研究了制备过程中转矩的变化，结果表明，体系的转矩随着MAH和引发剂过氧化二异丙苯含量的增加而增加，苯乙烯促进了MAH和PE-HD／SEIKS的反应；通过傅里叶红外分析证实了MAH接枝到聚合物上。（PE-HD／SEBS）-g-MAH能明显地提高PE-HD／木粉复合材料的力学性能，当其添加量为2％（质量分数，下同）时复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别增加了157％、146％和145％；扫描电镜也能观察到加入相容剂的复合材料界面粘接非常好，进一步证实了（PE-HD／SEBS）-g-MAH提高了复合材料的界面相容性。     

马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯增容聚丙烯/碳酸钙复合物力学性能与增容机理

用在50L固相接枝反应器中合成的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)作界面改性剂，制备了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯／聚丙烯／碳酸钙(i-PP／PP-g-MAH／CaCO3)复合材料。研究了i-PP／PP-g-MAH／CaCO3复合材料的力学性能和增容机理。结果表明，PP-g-MAH对i-PP／CaCO3复合物的缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和拉伸强度均有提高；PP-g-MAH与CaCO3反应形成PP-g-MAH的钙盐，实现反应性增容。     

影响聚丙烯基木塑复合材料力学性能因素

研究了偶联剂、相容剂、木粉用量和木质填料种类对以聚丙烯（PP）为基体树脂制备小塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，以硅烷偶联剂处理木粉或直接加入相容剂均使复合材料力学性能得到提高；木粉用量的提高使复合材料冲击强度下降，弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度则大幅提高；在分别以粒径为0．14mm木粉和0．22mm木粉、竹粉、花生壳粉、稻壳粉制备复合材料，以粒径为0．14mm木粉与PP制备的复合材料力学性能最好。     

表面处理对木粉增强PVC发泡复合板材性能的影响

研究表面处理的木粉对发泡聚氯乙烯(PVC)板材的增强改性效果。使用铝酸酯偶联剂、丙烯酸丁酯预聚物对木粉进行表面处理，将其混合到聚氯乙烯发泡板材配料中进行板材加工生产，结果表明，经处理的木粉能提高发泡PVC板材的拉伸强度和冲击强度。用铝酸酯偶联剂处理木粉的发泡板材力学性能好于用丙烯酸丁酯预聚物处理的板材；而用丙烯酸丁酯预聚物处理木粉的复合材料在流变加工性能优于用铝酸酯处理木粉的复合材料。     

改性蒙脱土增强PVC木塑复合材料的研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂改性木粉（TTWF）制备了PVC／TTWF木塑复合材料，PVC/TTWF体系中进一步加入适量改性插层蒙脱土（OMMT），通过熔融共混挤出制备了PVC／TTWF／OMMT纳米复合材料，并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电镜等手段进行了表征和分析。结果表明，TTMF改善了PVC木塑复合材料的力学性能，当钛酸酯偶联剂含量为1．5％（质量分数，下同）时，复合材料拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了10．5％和6．0％；在此基础上适量加入OMMT（0．5％）进一步改善了复合材料的力学性能，其中拉伸强度、冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了10．2％、2．3％和16．5％。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.