打造绿色品牌 造福世界人民——记辽宁绿禾有限公司

印楝广泛种植于热带、亚热带地区,原产于印度次大陆,在我国没有自然分布。1986年,中国科学院院士赵善欢等人从非洲多哥成功将印楝引种到广东和海南,后经解培惠等一批学者的努力,成功实现印楝北移,使得印楝的种植纬度从北纬18度扩展到北纬27度。迄今为止,我国广东南部、海南、云南及四川局部地区均可大面积种植印楝。早     

几种药剂对烟草甲的药效

测定了凯安保、天然除虫菊酯、印楝素、列喜镇、高效氟氯菊酯及2种自配药剂对烟草甲幼虫的毒力和对烟草甲成虫的触杀效果。结果表明:①药剂A(凯安保)、药剂D(自配混剂)、药剂E(高效氟氯菊酯)和药剂C(自配混剂)的致死中量(LD50)较低,分别为1·3457×10-3、2·0486×10-3、2·7991×10-3和2·8672×10-3μg/头;②自配药剂C、D对烟草甲成虫的触杀作用明显,在1·05mg/m2的浓度下,24h可100%杀死烟草甲成虫;药剂A(凯安保)的触杀效果次之;药剂B(印楝素)和药剂G(列喜镇)的触杀效果较差。     

蛇床子素对茶尺蠖和假眼小绿叶蝉的控制效果评价

[目的]探讨0.4%蛇床子素乳油对茶尺蠖和假眼小绿叶蝉的控制效果。[方法]采用0.4%蛇床子素乳油、0.3%印楝素乳油、2.5%鱼藤酮乳油等3种植物源农药与2%甲维盐乳油、20%啶虫脒可溶性液剂等2种化学农药进行田间药效对比试验。[结果]0.4%蛇床子素乳油6 g a.i./hm2药后7、10 d,对茶尺蠖的防效均在95%以上,对假眼小绿叶蝉的防效均在80%以上。[结论]0.4%蛇床子素乳油适用于防治茶尺蠖和假眼小绿叶蝉,可在无公害茶叶生产特别是有机茶生产中大力推广应用。     

图文传播有问必答(六十一)

<正>31.何谓绢印（screen printing)？早期尼龙网尚未发明前所使用的网版材料为绢丝，久而久之便习称为绢网印刷，简称绢印。32.织物网印白边的原因何在？其原因：(1)为遮档花纹而贴在印版下面的纸位置不当，使织物边缘局部或全部未能印上花纹。(2)在印台上铺贴的匹布过宽或衣片过小，织物边缘超过印版花纹。(3)在印台上铺贴织物时位置偏移，使织物的局部边缘超过印版花纹，未能印上花纹造成白边。     

柠檬苦素类似物的研究与应用进展

柠檬苦素类似物主要存在于芸香科和楝科植物中,是一类三萜类的物质,是植物次生代谢产物之一。柠檬苦素类化合物在抗癌、镇痛、调节体内胆固醇水平、防止动脉粥样化和除虫等方面的作用,越来越受到人们的重视。就柠檬苦素类化合物的种类、结构、分布、提取和检测、功能及其在食品中的应用等方面进行了概述。     

静电喷码装置

前言静电喷码是八十年代新兴的一项先进印码技术。在西方工业发达的国家中,静电喷码技术已广泛应用于食品包装工业中,它是一种字母数字混合制的无接触印码技术,可以用于啼印生产日期和时间,物品代号,编     

国内外茶叶农药残留标准法规现状及对比分析

<正>1我国有关茶叶农药登记相关政策当前我国在茶叶上登记的农药,有效成分57个,其中杀虫剂36个品种,杀菌剂10个,除草剂和植调剂11个。主要有联苯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯等拟除虫菊酯类农药;辛硫磷、杀螟硫磷、马拉硫磷、乐果、敌百虫等有机磷类农药;吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻嗪酮、茚虫威等杂环类农药和苏云菌杆菌、苦参碱、印楝素等生物类农药。茶叶中一共登记的农药产品数量为789个(到2014年9月10日止),同质化比较严重,其中联苯菊酯多达     

数字印后加工技术指南

<正>没有像样的数字印后设备,数字印刷机将无法实现快速生产。本文将对目前主流数字印刷机配套印后设备的技术参数作一概述。佳能Imagepress印后系统佳能Image Press彩色数字印刷机现在有一系列在线后道解决方案,包括打孔、骑马订、折叠、码纸和胶装。最受欢迎的选项是本册装订机,将码纸、平订、打孔和骑马订整合到一个装置里。它有很强的灵活性,既可以将平张纸整齐地码好以便之后的离线加工,也可以在线加工生产出骑马订本册成品。     

柠檬苦素类似物的研究进展

柠檬苦素类似物是三萜类的植物次生代谢产物 ,主要存在于芸香科和楝科植物中 ,如橘、橙、柚中。柠檬苦素类似物具有抗肿瘤、昆虫拒食、抗病毒、镇痛、抗炎、催眠等多种生物活性。本文就这种天然化合物的结构、分布、提取纯化、生物活性以及开发、应用等的研究现状进行了综述。     

圆网印花及其发展

一、圆网印花概况及其优越性在印染工业中,印花设备有两种基本型式,一是铜辊印花机(俗称机印),另一是平板绢网印花机(俗称网印)。机印设备较复杂,但生产效率高,能印制较精细的花样。网印生产效率低,但能印制大花回的花型,且颜     

Screening of some indigenous plants as repellents or antifeedants for stored grain insects

Seven plant species were tested for their repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and antifeedant activity against Rhyzopertha dominica F. The best repellent activity was found in the rhizomes of Saussurea lappa (DC.) and antifeedant activity in the leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and in azadirachtin isolated from neem kernels.     

两种防水剂试用于MDF的效果及经济效益

介绍了新型液状防水剂和石蜡在中密度纤维板生产中的使用效果,分析了中密度纤维板的物理力学性能,并测算了各自的经济效益。     

Microencapsulation of Essential Oil for Insect Repellent in Food Packaging System

Microcapsules containing thyme oil were prepared by in situ polymerization, using melamine–formaldehyde prepolymer as a wall material and 3 different emulsifiers (pluronic F‐127, tween 80, and sodium lauryl sulfate [SLS]). The general characteristics and release behavior of microcapsules, and their repellent effect against insects were investigated. The morphology of microcapsules using SLS was spherical shape with smooth surface. Microcapsules began to degrade at 150 °C. The particle size ranged from 1 to 10 μm and the loading efficiency of thyme oil was clearly affected by the emulsifier type. The highest loading efficiency appeared in microcapsules using SLS, which have good thermal resistance and smooth surface. The release rate of thyme oil from microcapsules was not only dependent on the storage temperature but also emulsifier type and microcapsules showed the sustained release properties for a long time. Diets, which were mixed with encapsulated thyme oil, expressed high insect repellent efficacy over 90% for 4 wk. Practical Application : Essential oil has various pest‐control characteristics, including repellent, ovicidal, and antifeedant efficacy. This work showed the sustained release properties and long‐lasting repellency of encapsulated essential oil. The results suggest that the great potential of essential oil microcapsules can be applied in coating or printing of food packaging materials for the insects repelling effects.     

一些植物提取物对烟草甲虫生物活性的影响

测定了不同浓度的植物提取物在244、8和72 h后对烟草甲成虫的触杀毒力和驱避毒力。初步研究结果表明,筛选出的巴豆乙醇提取物、巴豆丙酮提取物、巴豆乙酸乙酯提取物、巴豆石油醚提取物、草乌丙酮提取物、草乌乙酸乙酯提取物、草乌石油醚提取物、驱虫草乙醇提取物、驱虫草丙酮提取物、川乌石油醚提取物、百部乙醇提取物、百部丙酮提取物、百部乙酸乙酯提取物、百部石油醚提取物、茵陈蒿乙醇提取物、茵陈蒿丙酮提取物等对烟草甲成虫有较好的触杀毒力;巴豆乙酸乙酯提取物、巴豆石油醚提取物、天南星科植物乙酸乙酯提取物、天南星科植物石油醚提取物、百部乙酸乙酯提取物、高良姜石油醚提取物、山鸡椒乙醇提取物、山鸡椒石油醚提取物等对烟草甲成虫有较好的驱避毒力。     

防水防油剂的合成及应用

采用乳液聚合法合成防水防油剂,探讨表面活性剂、含氟单体对乳液性能的影响。结果表明,乳化剂用量为单体总量的7%时,乳液稳定性良好。在棉纤维织物上,含氟单体用量占单体总量的55%时,性能最好;而在涤纶纤维上,用量50%即可;工作液pH=4时,连续性最好。应用过程中,添加1%的交联剂,可以显著提高耐水洗性能。     

萜类化合物对赤拟谷盗驱避活性研究

采用滤纸浸液法测试了松节油、羟基香茅醛、薄荷醇及其衍生合成的多个系列的萜类化合物对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castanenum的驱避活性.结果显示,质量浓度10 000 mg/L时,所有化合物对赤拟谷盗有不同程度的驱避效果,其中有14个化合物24 h驱避率达100%.质量浓度为1 000 mg/L时,9、27、32号化合物,即内型1-异莰烷基-3-戊醇乙酸酯、羟基香茅醛丙酸酯和蒎酮酸甲酯驱避效果最好,24 h驱避率均在75%上.系列等比浓度测试结果显示,这3个化合物在质量浓度为500～8 000 mg/L时,均表现出很好的驱避活性和良好的持效性,是很有前景的赤拟谷盗驱避剂.     

Antitermitic activity of extracts from Chamaecyparis obtusa branch heartwood

The antitermitic activity of extracts from the branch heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) against Japanese termites (Reticulitermes speratus) was compared with that of the trunk. Samples of branch and trunk heartwood were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol successively. n-Hexane extracts of branch and trunk heartwood were strongly antitermitic, and branch heartwood contained greater quantities of active n-hexane extracts than trunk heartwood. Germacra-1-(10), 5-dien-4β-ol, t-cadinol, α-cadinol, hinokiresinol, and hinokinin were separated from the branch extracts and the termiticidal and antifeedant activity of these compounds was tested by no-choice and dual-choice test methods. The sesquiterpenoids, germacra-1-(10), 5-dien-4β-ol, t-cadinol and α-cadinol were strongly termiticidal. The norlignan hinokiresinol and lignan hinokinin had weak termiticidal, and strong antifeedant and repellent activity. High concentrations of germacra-1-(10), 5-dien-4β-ol and hinokiresinol were present in branch heartwood. These compounds protect hinoki branches from termites and other harmful organisms. Hinoki branch heartwood, which is usually unused, is a potential source of active antitermitic compounds.     

测试抗螨织物驱螨效用的新方法

根据粉尘螨的生理特点,提出一种测试抗螨织物的驱螨效用的新方法。新方法对每一个样品进行独立培养,每个培养皿都盖上皿盖,消除了试验样品与对照样品的相互干扰。通过对几种具有抗螨功能的棉布样品进行驱避效用检测,同时采用常规方法进行对比检测,发现新方法的平行实验重复性好,快速简便,检测结果更准确可靠。     

Effect of simulated rainfall and weathering on release of preservative elements from CCA treated wood

The release of arsenic from wood pressure-treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) can be decreased by application of wood finishes, but little is known about the types of finishes that are best suited for this purpose. This study evaluated the effects of finish water repellent content and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the release of arsenic, copper, and chromium from CCA-treated wood exposed to simulated rainfall. Deck boards treated with CCA were either left unfinished or dipped in a finish prepared with 1%, 3%, or 5% water repellent. All specimens were exposed to leaching from simulated rainfall, and a subset of specimens was also exposed to UV radiation. The rainfall was collected and analyzed for total elemental arsenic, copper, and chromium. The water repellent significantly decreased the amounts of these elements in the runoff, but for the short duration of this study there was no difference among the three water repellent concentrations. It is possible that water repellent content would have a greater effect over a longer exposure period. Exposure to UV radiation caused a significant increase in leaching from both finished and unfinished specimens. This effect may be a result of increased surface area during weathering as well as loss of fibers caused by UV-induced surface erosion.     

Contact and fumigant toxicity and repellency of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., Eucalyptus staigeriana F., Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oils in the management of Callosobruchus maculatus (FABR.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae,Bruchinae)

The weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.) is considered the most important pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., stored in tropical and subtropical countries. Secondary compounds extracted from plants can be used in its control, as a potential alternative to synthetic insecticides. Therefore, the present study aimed to: (a) make the chromatographic and mass spectrometry analyses of the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus staigeriana F., Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and Foeniculum vulgare Mill; (b) to evaluate the contact and fumigant toxicity; (c) test the repellent effect. The oils' main compounds were: E. citriodora (citronellal 89.59%; citronellyl acetate 3.34%; 1,8-cineole 2.87%), E. staigeriana (limonene 28.75%; geranial 15.20%; neral 12.16%), C. winterianus (geranial 21.83%; citronellal 10.94%) and F. vulgare (limonene 41.82%; (E)-anethole 17.91%; α-pinene 11.13%). The LC_50s of F. vulgare, E. citriodora, C. winterianus and E. staigeriana in contact tests were estimated at 178.13, 298.17, 328.42 and 345.57 ppm cowpea grains, respectively. According to regression analyses, the higher the oil concentration, the lower the number of laid eggs and emerged insects. In fumigation tests with adults, LC_50s ranged from 2.58 to 7.85 μL/L of air, while the toxicity ratios ranged from 1.25 to 3.04. In all concentrations tested, the E. citriodora and C. winterianus oils were repellent to adult C. maculatus; F. vulgare was classified as neutral, while E. staigeriana was neutral at lower than 558 ppm concentrations and repellent at higher concentrations. Regarding the essential oils tested, the percentage of oviposition reduction varied from 6.3 to 100%, while emergence percentages varied from 0.9 to 100%.