几个无证书签名方案的伪造攻击

自2003年Al-Riyami和Paterson首次提出无证书公钥密码体制的概念和第一个无证书签名方案以来,许多无证书签名方案相继被提出。汤永利等提出了9个无双线性对运算的无证书签名方案,并声称这些无证书签名方案在椭圆曲线离散对数困难性假设下可证明是安全的。通过对这些无证书签名方案进行安全性分析后,发现其中的5个可证明安全的无证书签名方案不能抵抗替换公钥攻击,并且这5个无证书签名方案中的3 个签名方案即使在不替换用户公钥的情况下,攻击者也可以利用用户的原始公钥对任意消息伪造出有效的签名。给出了具体的伪造攻击方法,证明了这5个无证书签名方案是不安全的。     

无证书签名方案的分析及改进

对一个无证书签名方案进行安全性分析,指出该方案不能抵抗公钥替换攻击和恶意的KGC攻击,即攻击者可以通过替换签名者的公钥来伪造任意消息的签名,恶意的KGC(Key Generation Center)可以获取用户的私钥。分析结果显示该方案不能满足无证书签名方案的安全性要求,同时为了应对这两种攻击,提出了改进的方案。     

公钥不可替换无证书签名方案

基于Al-Riyami框架的无证书签名(CLS)的安全性以密钥分发中心(KGC)不能实施公钥替换攻击为前提,存在能被KGC实施公钥替换攻击这一缺陷。给出公钥不可替换攻击无证书签名体制的定义,提出通过对用户的公钥签名来抵抗任何敌手(包括KGC)实施的公钥替换攻击,以将无证书签名的安全性提升到一个新的级别。基于Al-Riyami的方案给出了新方案的构造实例,基于随机预言机模型证明了公钥签名算法的安全性。该方案构造的对公钥的签名方法适用于所有基于Al-Riyami框架的双线性对无证书签名方案。     

对一个高效无证书签名方案的安全性分析

对张玉磊等提出的高效无证书签名方案和该方案的安全性证明进行分析,证明该方案在公钥替换攻击下是不安全的,指出它的安全性证明存在严重缺陷。利用公钥替换攻击,敌手可以伪造任何用户对任意消息的签名,给出了详细的攻击方法。安全性证明的缺陷是,在利用Rafael和Ricardo分叉技术证明无证书签名方案在公钥替换攻击下安全性时,要求敌手知道所替换公钥对应的私钥。指出这种安全性证明缺陷在其他文献中也存在,分析了这种缺陷产生的原因,提出了改进措施。     

一类无证书签名方案的密码学分析与启示

无证书签名方案简化了传统公钥基础设施(PKI)对公钥证书的需求,必须考虑公钥替换攻击。通过对明-王方案、Li-Cheng-Sun方案、 曹-Paterson-寇方案的分析,指出三个方案使用公钥对代替用户单一公钥的方法不能抵抗公钥替换攻击。采用“绑定”技术对该类方案进行改进,改进后的方案满足Rafael-Ricardo关于无证书的一般模式,可以抵抗公钥替换攻击。最后指出设计无证书签名方案时,不能直接套用基于身份的签名方案,必须注意无证书签名方案的环境要求。     

对标准模型下无证书签名方案的安全性分析

通过对一个标准模型下可证安全的无证书签名方案进行分析,指出该方案是不安全的。分析了一种针对该方案的公钥替换攻击和改进方案,说明该公钥替换攻击是一种平凡的伪造攻击,指出了这个改进方案也是不安全的。提出了一种新的密钥生成中心KGC攻击,即通用恶意KGC攻击,在这种攻击下,这两个无证书签名方案的KGC总是能够在系统参数生成阶段生成包含陷门信息的系统参数,利用这些参数,KGC不需要计算出用户的私钥就可以冒充任意系统用户对任意消息进行伪造签名。给出了攻击方法,并针对这种通用恶意KGC攻击提出了新的改进方案,使其能够抵抗这种攻击。     

两类新的基于证书签名方案的安全性分析

通过对翟正元等人新近提出的基于证书的代理盲签名方案进行了分析,发现该签名方案并不安全,至少能够受到两种替换公钥攻击.攻击者通过替换原始签名的公钥或者替换代理签名者的公钥都能够做到对任意选择的消息成功伪造签名.另外,对陈建能等人给出的基于证书聚合签名进行了安全性分析,指出该签名方案同样能够受到替换公钥攻击.所给出这些的攻击方法对于基于证书签名的构造具有借鉴意义.     

对一种新型盲签名方案的分析与改进

对一种盲签名方案进行安全性分析, 发现其不能抵抗无证书签名方案中的公钥替换攻击, 即敌手可通过替换用户的公钥来伪造签名, 并给出了具体的攻击方法。针对这种攻击和结合盲签名方案的构造方法、盲因子的选取方法, 提出了一种改进的方案, 并对新方案进行了盲性、不可链接性、不可伪造性和效率分析。分析表明新方案具有更好的安全性和更高的效率。     

三个无证书签名方案的密码学分析与改进

分析3个无证书签名方案,指出第1种方案不能抵抗消极不诚实密钥生成中心的攻击,后2种方案不能抵抗公钥替换攻击.通过在部分私钥生成阶段绑定公钥,提高第1种方案的安全性.在签名阶段,利用公钥绑定散列函数将用户公钥与消息绑定,由此弥补后2种方案的安全缺陷.     

标准模型下强安全的无证书签密方案

首先指出近期提出的一种无证书签密方案易受到公钥替换攻击,并给出了相关攻击实例。进而提出一种新的无双线性对的无证书签密方案,通过对实体的无证书公钥和托管公钥进行独立的密码学验证,确保了新方案不遭受与现有方案类似的公钥替换攻击。在标准模型下,新方案被证明是安全的,能够实现无证书签密的不可伪造性和机密性。对比分析表明,新方案在确保强安全性的同时具有较好的计算性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.