N掺杂TiO_2/Ti液膜光催化处理染料废水

以尿素为氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂Ti O2膜电极(N-Ti O2/Ti),并优化了制备条件。结果表明,n(N)∶n(Ti)=0.84∶1、经450℃煅烧2.5 h制得的膜电极光催化性能最佳;与Cu电极组装斜置双极液膜反应器,可见光下考察光催化反应的影响因素。得出最佳降解条件为:初始p H=2.50,废水流量为85 m L/min,Na2SO4质量浓度为0.5 g/L,此条件下处理20 mg/L苋菜红120 min,脱色率可达90.1%;膜电极的重现性与重复性结果表明,6片电极60 min的脱色率为78.1%±4.0%;一片电极经6次循环60 min脱色率比初次减少了7.9%。     

自降解淀粉塑料膜的研制

以淀粉和PVA(聚乙烯醇)为主要原料,用流延法制造淀粉塑料膜(简称SP膜)。所得薄膜的淀粉含量为60%左右,比重0.91、厚度0.07mm、吸水率0.6%、耐热温度135℃、拉伸强度35.8～39.5MPa、断裂伸长率400～420%、撕裂强度140～150N/M。该膜作为降解地膜使用时具有与PE膜相似的保温性能,其自降解性能良好,在3～6月膜能全部降解。文中还对SP膜性能的改进、淀粉与PVA的配比、SP膜的耐水性等进行了研讨。     

高含盐含酚废水的固定化微生物处理技术

采用固定化苯酚降解菌处理人工模拟高含盐含酚废水,考察了不同载体种类、菌剂投加量、反应时间、温度和pH值对苯酚去除效果。结果表明,初始苯酚浓度为256.67 mg/L、盐浓度为5%的高含盐含酚废水,在30℃,pH=8.1,DO=2～5 mg/L的条件下,用海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇载体固定的苯酚降解菌处理72 h,苯酚浓度降至21.2 mg/L,去除率为91.7%。考察了4种不同的包埋载体对苯酚的去除效果,其中海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇载体和聚乙烯醇载体的机械强度和弹性相对较好,有利于长期的工业化生产应用。     

催化氧化法处理聚乙烯醇废水

文章使用液相沉淀法制备Mn2O3催化H2O2降解聚乙烯醇,讨论了溶液的pH、反应温度、氧化剂催化剂投加量以及反应时间对浓度降解率、COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在pH=3、催化剂Mn2O3 1 g/L,温度25℃,时间为90 min,双氧水用量为5 mL/L时,聚乙烯醇的浓度降解率为73.14%,COD去除率为60.26%,120 min内COD去除率最高为63.35%,出水CODCr=146.6 mg/L。     

N/F/TiO2的制备及光催化氧化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,以尿素和氟化铵为N、F源,制备N/F/TiO2光催化材料,用于亚甲基蓝降解效率研究.结果表明,摩尔比为N∶F∶Ti=1∶4∶5的光催化剂在锻烧温度为600℃、pH =7的条件下,100 mg N/F/TiO2光催化剂对100 mL浓度为20 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液光催化降解4h时效率最高.     

木质素/PVA复合膜的性能

以可再生资源木质素磺酸钙和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基料,制备力学强度及耐水性能良好的木质素/PVA复合膜。采用5因素二次正交旋转组合设计研究了木质素磺酸钙、PVA、甲醛、尿素、硼砂对膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和吸水率的影响,并得到相应二次回归模型。分析表明:5个因素的一次项、二次项及交互项对膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和吸水率均有不同程度的影响。当原料配比为木质素磺酸钙7 g、PVA 14 g、甲醛10 g、尿素7 g、硼砂2.5 g时,可以得到拉伸性能和耐水性优良的木质素/PVA复合膜。     

硼砂与尿素在N2气氛下合成六方氮化硼的工艺

以硼砂、尿素为原料,采用改进的硼砂?尿素法,在N2气氛下合成六方氮化硼(h-BN),考察了焙烧温度、保温时间、硼砂与尿素摩尔比对氮化硼产率、纯度及形貌的影响,对产品进行了表征. 结果表明,合成六方氮化硼的最佳工艺条件为：硼砂/尿素摩尔比1:4、焙烧温度1300℃、保温时间4 h. 该条件下氮化硼产率约为47%,纯度达98%,单片直径300~500 nm,粒度约为4 ?m,比表面积约为13 m2/g.     

N/F/TiO_2的制备及光催化氧化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,以尿素和氟化铵为N、F源,制备N/F/TiO2光催化材料,用于亚甲基蓝降解效率研究。结果表明,摩尔比为N∶F∶Ti=1∶4∶5的光催化剂在锻烧温度为600℃、pH=7的条件下,100 mg N/F/TiO2光催化剂对100 mL浓度为20 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液光催化降解4 h时效率最高。     

α-MnO_2和δ-MnO_2催化剂的合成及其在尿素废水处理中的应用研究

采用水热法分别在酸性和碱性条件下合成了α-MnO_2和δ-MnO_2催化剂,利用XRD、N2-BET、Raman、H2-TPR对合成样品进行表征。将合成的α-MnO_2和δ-MnO_2催化剂用于催化废水中尿素水解,在不同水解温度、水解时间和催化剂质量浓度下比较了2种催化剂的催化活性。结果表明,δ-MnO_2催化剂具有较高的催化活性。以δ-MnO_2为催化剂,得到了尿素水解的最佳工艺条件:水解温度为165℃,水解时间为60 min,催化剂质量浓度为50 g/L。在最佳水解工艺条件下,尿素的降解率可达99.9%以上,此时水解液中剩余尿素的质量浓度仅为7.2 mg/L,达到了10 mg/L以下的排放标准。     

利用磁性固定化微生物降解水中微量油

炼油循环水用量大且含有烃类等难降解有机物,因此需要探索高效、经济、环保的水处理技术。文中利用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠-Fe_3O_4粒子复合物包埋微生物,控制Fe_3O_4粒子质量分数为14.9%,磁性固定化微生物饱和磁化强度为8.59 emu/g,处理含柴油质量浓度60 mg/L模拟水,30℃反应72 h,降解率达到99%以上。而在相同条件下,游离微生物对水中微量油的降解率为86.8%,磁性固定化微生物经水中柴油驯化后,活性、耐酸碱和耐底物高浓度进一步提高,处理含柴油质量浓度60 mg/L模拟水,反应40 h降解率达到99%,并且处理640 mg/L,高质量浓度含油水降解率达95%以上。使用13次循环处理60 mg/L含油水,反应40 h的降解率均达95%以上,表明磁性固定化微生物具有优异的重复使用性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。