辛烯共聚地暖管专用料抗氧体系优化研究

介绍了耐热聚乙烯管材PE-RT树脂抗氧剂筛选,在溶剂中溶解度,借助DSC分析仪器,对国内外PE-RT树脂进行氧化诱导期测试,对比分析这些树脂的抗氧化性能,提出地暖管产品优化方案,生产结果表明,抚顺石化辛烯共聚耐热聚乙烯管材树脂氧化稳定性较好。     

管材专用耐热聚乙烯的等温结晶行为

研究了两种管材专用耐热聚乙烯(PE-RT)的氧化诱导时间、抗冲击性能、等温结晶行为、相对分子质量及其分布等。结果表明:210℃时,两种PE-RT的氧化诱导时间均在70 min以上;其中一种PE-RT的结晶温度较高(119.0℃),结晶速率较快,更有利于满足快速成型加工的需要,其相对分子质量分布较宽、重均分子量较高,有利于提高管材的静液压强度。     

新版PE给水管材管件标准关于氧化诱导时间的测试研究

热氧稳定性直接影响到聚乙烯给水管材的使用寿命,而氧化诱导时间是评价聚乙烯给水管材热氧稳定性的一项重要指标。新版标准GB/T 13663.2-2018将氧化诱导时间的试验温度由200℃提高至210℃,试验数量改为3个,试验结果取最小值。本文通过选取四个不同厂家生产的PE给水管材管件样本研究了新标准中温度提升对氧化诱导时间的影响,实验结果表明210℃测得的氧化诱导时间只有200℃的40%,甚至更低。新版标准简化了制样流程,缩减了试验次数,节约了2/3的时间。新标准的更改提醒PE给水管材管件的生产厂家应关注并提升自身产品性能,及时调整配方以符合新标准中氧化诱导时间的要求。另外发现适当降低样品量可以在保证实验结果准确的前提下,避免PE80管件样品溢料、污染测试平台。     

三釜串联淤浆法制备的管材专用耐热聚乙烯的稳定性

采用三釜串联淤浆法生产了管材专用耐热聚乙烯(PE-RT),研究了PE-RT的加工稳定性和耐热水抽提性能,并与同类国产树脂及进口树脂进行了对比。结果表明:3种产品经双螺杆挤出机2次挤出后熔体流动速率和氧化诱导时间变化率均小于10%,其中,PE-RT1的加工稳定性和耐热水抽提性能最优,3次挤出后熔体流动速率变化率小于6%;相同条件下,PE-RT1经热水抽提后氧化诱导时间变化率约是同类国产树脂的1/3。     

模拟受火损伤对高密度聚乙烯管材热性能的影响

火灾时处于火场附近的聚乙烯管道仅受到火场热辐照的作用而准予继续使用,因此,有必要对火场周边受热暴露影响的聚乙烯管道相关性能进行评估,以保证继续服役的结构安全性。针对经过热暴露预处理的PE 100高密度聚乙烯管材高温稳定性展开实验研究,通过模拟高密度聚乙烯管材受火损伤的不同程度,运用热重分析、氧化诱导时间实验等表征手段对材料进行测试分析,揭示不同的热暴露温度和时间对材料热性能变化的影响,为开展在火灾工况下聚乙烯管道的安全评定提供理论及基础数据支撑,并揭示了热暴露影响下高密度聚乙烯管材热性能演化机理。     

热老化对恒定内压下PE管材性能的影响

为了研究热老化对恒定内压作用下的PE管材结构和性能的影响,在80℃水浴环境中对聚乙烯管进行了长期压力测试,通过力学性能测试、热重试验、DSC测试以及衰弱全发射红外光谱试验,分析了老化过程中管材的结构和性能变化。结果表明,在老化过程中,随着老化时间的增加,PE管材抗氧化剂逐渐被消耗,2 200 h时,老化管材的氧化诱导期降低至原始管材的73. 1%;随着老化时间的延长,管材表面发生氧化,产生了羰基(—CO)与羟基(—OH)等含氧基团。热老化使PE分子链发生了以交联为主的化学反应,导致管材的热稳定性上升。结晶度增加、分子链交联以及管材表层氧化等,导致拉伸强度略有提升,而管材的断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别下降了27. 5%、28. 9%。     

循环载荷作用下聚乙烯管材老化性能及寿命预测

运行过程中的循环载荷作用会对聚乙烯管材的使用寿命产生影响。为探究聚乙烯(PE)管材在循环载荷影响下的预期寿命,搭建PE管材热氧老化实验平台,对试验PE管施加循环内压载荷,并进行不同老化条件下的加速老化试验。测试老化PE管材的断裂伸长率及氧化诱导期,再分别基于PE管材断裂伸长率及抗氧剂消耗对循环载荷作用下的PE管材使用寿命进行预测。结果表明,在循环载荷作用下,以PE管材断裂伸长率及氧化诱导期为考察指标的预期使用寿命分别为90.04 a和118.51 a,相比基于抗氧剂损耗的寿命预测,基于力学性能的寿命预测结果更偏保守。     

PE100级管材专用树脂的结构与性能

通过熔体流动速率、差示扫描量热法分析、力学性能以及管材静液压试验等研究了3种PE100级管材专用树脂的结构与性能。结果表明:3种树脂在200℃条件下的氧化诱导时间均大于120 min,耐热氧老化性能良好;GC100S的熔流比为26.3,结晶度为60.1%,冲击强度为58.49 kJ/m~2,在80℃,5.4 MPa条件下的短期静液压测试耐压时间为348 h,均较其他两个试样好,为管材专用树脂的质量提升提供了技术支持。     

橙色管材专用PE100级树脂的开发

以通过PE100级认证的管材专用高密度聚乙烯(牌号为TUB121N3000)为基体,紫外光老化和热氧老化时间为核心评价指标,开发出性能优异的橙色管材专用PE100级树脂。结果表明:橙色母料2544或2029B用量为最小单位用量的2倍,受阻胺光稳定剂、紫外光吸收剂、复合抗氧剂质量比为2∶3∶4时,制备的橙色管材专用PE100级树脂的氧化诱导时间大于30 min,颜料分散级别小于2级,紫外光老化2 000 h后色差小于3,烘箱老化后断裂标称应变保留率大于50%。     

结晶分级技术表征PE100级与耐热级管材树脂结构的差异性

通过逐步等温结晶分级技术(SIS)、升温淋洗分级技术(TREF)和连续自成核退火分级技术(SSA)表征了聚乙烯(PE) 100级管材树脂GC100S和耐热级管材树脂4731B结构的差异性.结果表明,4731B和GC100S树脂的熔融温度、结晶温度、结晶度、片晶厚度及共聚单体在主链中的分布状况基本相同,主要区别在于含有共聚单体的聚乙烯分子链的相对含量不同,4731B不含或含有少量共聚单体的聚乙烯分子链的含量比GC100S多.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.