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热氧稳定性直接影响到聚乙烯给水管材的使用寿命,而氧化诱导时间是评价聚乙烯给水管材热氧稳定性的一项重要指标。新版标准GB/T 13663.2-2018将氧化诱导时间的试验温度由200℃提高至210℃,试验数量改为3个,试验结果取最小值。本文通过选取四个不同厂家生产的PE给水管材管件样本研究了新标准中温度提升对氧化诱导时间的影响,实验结果表明210℃测得的氧化诱导时间只有200℃的40%,甚至更低。新版标准简化了制样流程,缩减了试验次数,节约了2/3的时间。新标准的更改提醒PE给水管材管件的生产厂家应关注并提升自身产品性能,及时调整配方以符合新标准中氧化诱导时间的要求。另外发现适当降低样品量可以在保证实验结果准确的前提下,避免PE80管件样品溢料、污染测试平台。 相似文献
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为了研究热老化对恒定内压作用下的PE管材结构和性能的影响,在80℃水浴环境中对聚乙烯管进行了长期压力测试,通过力学性能测试、热重试验、DSC测试以及衰弱全发射红外光谱试验,分析了老化过程中管材的结构和性能变化。结果表明,在老化过程中,随着老化时间的增加,PE管材抗氧化剂逐渐被消耗,2 200 h时,老化管材的氧化诱导期降低至原始管材的73. 1%;随着老化时间的延长,管材表面发生氧化,产生了羰基(—CO)与羟基(—OH)等含氧基团。热老化使PE分子链发生了以交联为主的化学反应,导致管材的热稳定性上升。结晶度增加、分子链交联以及管材表层氧化等,导致拉伸强度略有提升,而管材的断裂伸长率和冲击强度分别下降了27. 5%、28. 9%。 相似文献
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运行过程中的循环载荷作用会对聚乙烯管材的使用寿命产生影响。为探究聚乙烯(PE)管材在循环载荷影响下的预期寿命,搭建PE管材热氧老化实验平台,对试验PE管施加循环内压载荷,并进行不同老化条件下的加速老化试验。测试老化PE管材的断裂伸长率及氧化诱导期,再分别基于PE管材断裂伸长率及抗氧剂消耗对循环载荷作用下的PE管材使用寿命进行预测。结果表明,在循环载荷作用下,以PE管材断裂伸长率及氧化诱导期为考察指标的预期使用寿命分别为90.04 a和118.51 a,相比基于抗氧剂损耗的寿命预测,基于力学性能的寿命预测结果更偏保守。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献