土壤中蒽、菲、芘对小麦种子的生态毒性效应

采用生物培养实验,研究了土壤中蒽、菲、芘对小麦种子的发芽与根伸长抑制生态毒性.结果表明,三类多环芳烃(PAHs)对小麦种子萌发过程中的生长均有不同程度的影响.其中菲的影响最为明显,菲对小麦根毒害的敏感区间为每千克土样0 mg～400 mg,当每千克土样中含菲400 mg时,小麦根伸长抑制率达到了52%.PAHs生态毒性与其溶解度和结构有关.     

菱形藻生长及运动状态对农药草甘膦原粉的毒性响应

[目的]以淡水底栖硅藻(Nitzschia amplectens Hustedt)为受试藻,研究农药草甘膦原粉对其生长和运动状态的响应。[方法]以96 h EC50值、叶绿素a含量、运动状态等指标研究草甘膦对受试藻的毒性。[结果]草甘膦对受试藻96 h EC50值为29 mg/L;草甘膦对受试藻叶绿素a含量最大抑制率63.79%;运动状态随质量浓度增长受到抑制,2~5 d最明显。[结论]评价毒物对水环境的影响,浮游和底栖两类生物都应考虑在内。受试藻叶绿素a含量对草甘膦反应敏感。受试藻的运动状态可综合指示草甘膦毒性。     

从粗蒽中分离精制蒽、菲、咔唑

<正>前言 粗蒽是从煤焦油分级蒸馏时所得的300—360℃的蒽油馏分经过结晶过滤后分出来的固体产物,是一种炼焦副产品。 通常粗蒽中含蒽量约为10—35%,咔唑则为蒽的一半左右,其余为菲、芴、（艹屈）、甲基蒽等,我们进行试验的鞍钢,石景山原料粗蒽的主要成分列于表1。     

工业蒽中蒽、菲、咔唑的分离精制技术

按物理分离法、化学分离法与复合分离法3种类型,综述了蒽、菲和咔唑分离与精制技术的发展现状,分析了各种方法所具有的优势,同时指出了不足之处,对分离与精制技术的发展提出了指导性意见。     

环糊精对腐植酸-芘、蒽相互作用影响初探

利用吸收光谱、荧光猝灭法、圆二色谱法及芘荧光探针法,探讨了环糊精（CDs）对腐植酸（HA）与以芘为代表的多环芳烃（PAHS）相互作用的影响。β-CD与HA的吸收光谱和荧光光谱测定结果表明：β-CD能够包络HA的芳环部分;荧光猝灭法和圆二色谱法测定结果表明：HA能够与被β-（2D空腔包络的芘分子发生相互作用,CDs和HA之间存在与芘相互作用的竞争;用荧光猝灭法测定了四种不同CDs存在下HA和芘的结合常数,并用芘为荧光探针进行测定,结果表明：CDs浓度较低时,HA对芘的作用占优势：     

环糊精对腐植酸-芘、蒽相互作用影响初探

利用吸收光谱、荧光猝灭法、圆二色谱法及芘荧光探针法,探讨了环糊精(CDs)对腐植酸(HA)与以芘为代表的多环芳烃(PAHs)相互作用的影响。β-CD与HA的吸收光谱和荧光光谱测定结     

蒽、菲、咔唑的分离提纯方法

综述了蒽、菲、咔唑分离提纯的各种方法．如溶剂萃取法、精馏-溶剂法、乳化液膜法等，并讨论了它们各自的特点以及应用情况。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定粗蒽中蒽、菲的含量

选用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂溶解样品,利用气质联用(GC-MS)分析仪对原料中各个组分进行定性分析,以吩!嗪为内标物,采用内标标准曲线法进行定量,建立了毛细管柱气相色谱法同时测定粗蒽中蒽和菲质量分数的方法。结果表明,粗蒽中各组分能较好地分离,并定性出22个组分。采用该方法对粗蒽样品测量所得结果为:蒽相对标准偏差为0.971%~1.544%,菲的相对标准偏差为0.836%~1.482%;蒽的回收率为98.98%~100.9%,菲的回收率为98.05%~99.57%。测定结果具有较高的准确度和精密度,该方法分析快速、灵敏、操作简单。     

粗蒽中蒽、菲、咔唑的分离与精制技术进展

综述了从粗蒽中分离和精制蒽、菲、咔唑的技术进展,介绍了物理分离法、化学分离法和复合法,并对各种方法进行了评述。结果表明,复合法因其流程简单、投资低和元环境污染等,具有推广价值。     

土壤中蒽菲芘的超声萃取-恒能量同步荧光法测定

建立了土壤中蒽菲芘恒能量同步荧光测定方法,样品经甲醇丙酮超声提取,过无水硫酸钠柱。优化了测定三种多环芳烃的条件,三种多环芳烃的回收率在82%~114%之间。方法灵敏、准确,样品处理简便、快速,能同时测定土壤中的蒽菲芘,可用于土壤中多环芳烃含量测定。     

煤焦油中蒽、菲、咔唑分离技术进展

综述了煤焦油中蒽、菲、咔唑的分离技术进展,系统总结了传统工艺一些新的改进,并重点介绍了一些新的分离方法在煤焦油中蒽、菲、咔唑的分离上的应用.     

煤焦油中蒽、菲、咔唑的精制及利用

蒽、菲、咔唑是煤焦油中的重要组分 ,主要富集在煤焦油初馏时蒽油馏分中。本文综述了从煤焦油蒽油馏分中分离精制蒽、菲、咔唑的原理、方法及技术发展状况 ;并对蒽、菲、咔唑及其衍生物的应用作了系统介绍     

用紫外吸收光谱法测定粗蒽中菲、蒽的含量

用紫外吸收光谱法同时测定粗蒽中菲、蒽的含量,结果表明,采用环已烷作溶剂,吸收波长分别为293nm和357nm,在0.004～0.04g/L范围内,菲、蒽符合线性关系。该方法操作简单、测定迅速、结果准确。     

Anthracene + Pyrene Solid Mixtures: Eutectic and Azeotropic Character

To better characterize the thermodynamic behavior of a binary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, thermochemical and vapor pressure experiments were used to examine the phase behavior of the anthracene (1) + pyrene (2) system. A solid-liquid phase diagram was mapped for the mixture. A eutectic point occurs at 404 K at x(1) = 0.22. A model based on eutectic formation can be used to predict the enthalpy of fusion associated with the mixture. For mixtures that contain x(1) < 0.90, the enthalpy of fusion is near that of pure pyrene. This and X-ray diffraction results indicate that mixtures of anthracene and pyrene have pyrene-like crystal structures and energetics until the composition nears that of pure anthracene. Solid-vapor equilibrium studies show that mixtures of anthracene and pyrene form solid azeotropes at x(1) of 0.03 and 0.14. Additionally, mixtures at x(1) = 0.99 sublime at the vapor pressure of pure anthracene, suggesting that anthracene behavior is not significantly influenced by x(2) = 0.01 in the crystal structure.     

The Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Anthracene and Pyrene from a Model Soil: An Equilibrium Study

Abstract

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) is used to extract two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), anthracene and pyrene, from a model soil at conditions ranging from 35 to 55 [ddot]C and 7.79 to 24.13 MPa. Equilibrium partition coefficients and Freundlich isotherm constants are determined for the two PAHs on white quartz sand and the model soil. The effect on equilibrium of additional water in the soil phase is also examined.     

从粗蒽中提取精蒽和精咔唑的研究

介绍了以粗蒽为原料,轻苯作溶剂,经溶剂萃取、恒沸蒸馏制取94%的精蒽,再以蒸馏残渣为原料,经升华提取91%的咔唑的试验情况,同时优选出了最佳的工艺参数。     

Degradation and Metabolite Profiling of Benz (a) Anthracene,Dibenz (a,h) Anthracene and Indeno [1, 2, 3-cd] Pyrene by Aspergillus terricola

Mycoremediation of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is well studied. This study highlights the degradation of high molecular weight PAH (HMW-PAHs): Benz (a) anthracene (BAA), Dibenz (a, h) anthracene (DBA), and Indeno pyrene (IND) by Aspergillus terricola var americanus. The metabolism of the HMW-PAHs by this fungus was investigated in liquid submerged culture added with 60 mg/L of each compound. Depletion of BAA, DBA, and IND was 94.80, 90.16, and 93.80%, respectively, after 10 days of culture. Fungal broth solvent extracts were analyzed for the presence of metabolites by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and the extracellular enzymes produced were also assayed. The coexistence of two metabolic pathways, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and ligninolytic pathway were identified. A high laccase activity was observed in BAA cultures on day 4 when compared to other PAH's studied. In conclusion, A. terricola might be a promising fungus for bioremediation of HMW-PAH mixtures co-metabolically.     

菲加氢裂化催化剂的初步研究

菲是一种稠环芳烃,存在于煤焦油中。在氢气存在的条件下,它可以在具有加氢和裂化活性的双功能催化剂上发生加氢裂化反应,该反应的关键就在于高性能催化剂的制备。采用浸渍法在不同条件下制备了Ni／Hβ催化剂,通过XRD和BET考察了负载量、浸渍时间、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对催化剂性能的影响,探讨最佳的制备条件及第一种金属的负载量,为双功能催化剂的制备提供实验依据和理论指导。