超声辅助水热法提取小米中水溶性多糖

本研究采用超声辅助水热法提取小米中的水溶性多糖,探讨了提取温度、超声时间、液固比三个因素对提取率的影响。通过单因素试验与三因素三水平正交试验,得到最佳提取工艺条件为：液固比35∶1 mL/g,提取温度80℃,超声时间为40 min。在最佳提取工艺条件下小米水溶性多糖提取率为23.25%,提取产物红外光谱呈现典型多糖红外光谱特征,表明本研究所建立的小米中水溶性多糖提取方法是可行的。     

正交试验法优选一种抗病毒方药中多糖类物质的最佳提取工艺

为了优化抗病毒方药中多糖类物质的最佳提取工艺条件,提高多糖得率,采用L27(313)正交试验法,考察超声温度(A)、提取时间(B)和料液比(C)3个因素对方药中多糖类物质提取率的影响,同时考察其中存在的交互作用(A×B、A×C和B×C),并最终获得最佳的提取工艺条件组合。结果显示:最佳工艺条件组合为A3B2C3,即超声温度为70℃、提取时间为30 min、料液比为1∶30。在最佳工艺条件组合下,测得方药中多糖的提取率为40.48%,并且该最佳工艺稳定可靠。     

超声提取款冬花多糖的响应面法工艺优化

用响应面法考察了超声法提取款冬花多糖的最佳工艺。以多糖提取率为评价指标,考察了提取温度、超声时间、m(水)/m(款冬花)比值、提取次数对多糖提取率的影响。通过单因素实验和响应面法确定的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间36 min,提取温度68℃,m(水)/m(款冬花)=27,提取次数3次,在该条件下,多糖提取率为1.97%。超声法与传统工艺比较,提取时间缩短了71%。     

反胶束法提取小米中蛋白酶条件的优化

【目的】优化反胶束法分离和提取小米蛋白酶的条件,提高小米蛋白酶的提取率。【方法】以小米蛋白酶的浓度作为评价指标,根据单因素实验确定CTAB浓度、有机溶剂配比、KCl浓度、小米蛋白酶溶液与反胶束溶液的比例这四个因素的最佳条件,进行正交实验(四因素三水平),以确定小米蛋白酶使用反胶束法提取的最佳条件。【结果】提取小米蛋白酶的最佳条件为:CTAB浓度0.025 mol/L,正辛烷-正己醇(3∶1),KCl浓度0.075 mol/L,小米蛋白酶溶液-反胶束溶液(1∶2)。在该条件下,吸光度值为1.3863,小米蛋白酶含量为0.816 g/L。     

超声波辅助提取黑木耳黄酮的工艺研究

以黑木耳为原料,研究超声波辅助提取黑木耳黄酮的最佳工艺条件。以黄酮提取率为考察指标,利用NaNO_2-Al (NO_3)_3显色法并设计单因素试验和正交试验探索料液比、超声温度、超声功率及乙醇浓度四个因素对黑木耳黄酮提取率的影响。结果显示超声波辅助提取黑木耳黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶6(g/mL)、超声温度70℃、超声功率70 W、乙醇浓度75%,提取率为0.92%,RSD=1.081%。表明此最佳工艺条件稳定、结果可靠。     

正交实验法优选香加皮中总黄酮的提取工艺

通过正交实验法,优选香加皮药材中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。以香加皮中总黄酮的提取率作为指标,采用超声辅助法对香加皮药材中总黄酮进行提取,以乙醇浓度(A)、超声时间(B)、温度(C)三个提取条件进行单因素实验,在单因素实验的基础上,设计三因素三水平的正交试验。对香加皮中总黄酮提取影响最大的因素是温度,超声辅助法提取香加皮总黄酮的最佳条件为:乙醇浓度90%,温度60℃,超声时间为35 min,药渣重复提取一次。在此工艺条件下香加皮中总黄酮的提取率为2.313%。用超声辅助法进行香加皮总黄酮提取操作简便、提取率高,此数据结果可为香加皮的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

超声提取蛋黄中类胡萝卜素工艺的优化

实验考察了料液比、超声时间、超声功率三个因素对蛋黄中类胡萝卜素提取率的影响,并采用响应面分析法选出最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明最佳条件为:液料比12m L/g,超声提取时间10 min,超声提取功率200 W。最佳条件下类胡萝卜素提取率实测值为0.229 mg/g,与预测值基本一致,这说明响应面分析法可以优化超声法提取蛋黄总类胡萝卜素的工艺条件。     

核桃分心木抗炎类物质的提取工艺优化

目的：研究核桃分心木中抗炎类物质的最佳提取条件。方法：本研究先优化乙醇提取法和纤维素酶提取法得到最优提取条件超声纤维素酶提取法,后采用单因素实验,纤维素酶质量分数、超声时间、超声功率三个因素对提取率的影响,用三因素三水平进行正交实验优化提取条件,用酚酸类含量为考察指标,通过高效液相色谱检测酚酸类含量,最终得到最佳提取工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺是采用超声辅助纤维素酶提取法,最佳超声纤维素酶提取法是用0.8%质量分数的纤维素酶在超声功率为300 w中超声90 min。结论：本研究提取方案工艺简单且提取效率高,为核桃分心木中抗炎类物质的制剂制备及核桃分心木有效成分的开发利用提供了实验依据。     

三明地区长柄石杉中石杉碱甲的提取和测定

寻找超声提取长柄石杉中石杉碱甲的最佳工艺条件和石杉碱甲含量的测定方法。通过正交实验对工艺参数进行优化,并采用HPLC法加以测定。提取最佳工艺条件为:固液比为20∶1(W/V),酸浓度为2.0%,超声时间10 min;测得两地长柄石杉中石杉碱甲的含量分别为0.0263%,0.0445%。以最佳工艺条件提取石杉碱甲并测定其含量的实验方法可行,且简便、快捷、重现性好。     

超声波强化溶剂法提取勿忘我花色素的工艺研究

研究了超声波强化溶剂法提取蓝紫色勿忘我花色素的工艺,包括超声提取和浸泡提取结果的比较、提取条件对提取色素的影响,并用正交试验法探索最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明超声提取比浸泡提取效率高,最佳提取工艺条件:用60%乙醇(pH值2)为溶剂,原料与溶剂比例1:80～1:100(g:mL),在40℃下超声提取30 min,经过滤、真空浓缩、石油醚洗涤、冷冻干燥得到紫红色固体色素。色素平均得率15%,色价(540 nm)为36.55。用纸色谱分离色素,得到2个斑点,分别为红色和黄色。对这2个组分分别做了紫外可见吸收光谱和显色反应,认为是花青素和黄酮类物质。     

小米基生物形态多孔SiC材料

本文介绍了以小米为原材料,利用生物模板技术法制备小米基生物形态SiC材料.通过热重技术分析了小米向碳模板的转化过程.以SEM、压汞技术和颗粒强度测定仪分析了碳模板与SiC的形貌结构和机械强度.结果表明:以液相渗硅法制备的生物形态SiC能很好的保持碳模板的形貌结构,颗粒破碎强度为10.6 N.溶胶凝胶-碳热还原法制备的SiC能较好保持碳模板的形貌结构,而气相渗硅法制备的SiC与碳模板在微观结构上有很大不同.后两种方法制备的SiC机械强度很差.     

小米多糖提取工艺研究

为优化小米多糖提取工艺,以多糖收率为指标,对颗粒与粉、液固比、提取时间、提取温度、提取次数和搅拌速度等6个因素进行了考察。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交设计法对影响小米多糖提取效果的3个主要影响因素即提取温度、提取时间、液固比进行了优化。结果表明:小米多糖提取的较佳条件是在粉状、150 r/min、1次提取时,提取温度为70℃,提取时间为2.0 h,液固比是20:1,此条件下小米多糖的收率为7.76 mg/g。     

Identification of Candidate Genes Regulating Drought Tolerance in Pearl Millet

Pearl millet is an important crop of the arid and semi-arid ecologies to sustain food and fodder production. The greater tolerance to drought stress attracts us to examine its cellular and molecular mechanisms via functional genomics approaches to augment the grain yield. Here, we studied the drought response of 48 inbreds representing four different maturity groups at the flowering stage. A set of 74 drought-responsive genes were separated into five major phylogenic groups belonging to eight functional groups, namely ABA signaling, hormone signaling, ion and osmotic homeostasis, TF-mediated regulation, molecular adaptation, signal transduction, physiological adaptation, detoxification, which were comprehensively studied. Among the conserved motifs of the drought-responsive genes, the protein kinases and MYB domain proteins were the most conserved ones. Comparative in-silico analysis of the drought genes across millet crops showed foxtail millet had most orthologs with pearl millet. Of 698 haplotypes identified across millet crops, MyC2 and Myb4 had maximum haplotypes. The protein–protein interaction network identified ABI2, P5CS, CDPK, DREB, MYB, and CYP707A3 as major hub genes. The expression assay showed the presence of common as well as unique drought-responsive genes across maturity groups. Drought tolerant genotypes in respective maturity groups were identified from the expression pattern of genes. Among several gene families, ABA signaling, TFs, and signaling proteins were the prospective contributors to drought tolerance across maturity groups. The functionally validated genes could be used as promising candidates in backcross breeding, genomic selection, and gene-editing schemes in pearl millet and other millet crops to increase the yield in drought-prone arid and semi-arid ecologies.     

Chemical Characteristics and Fatty Acid Profile of Foxtail Millet Bran Oil

Chemical characteristics of a sample of foxtail millet bran and its oil, focusing on the approximate composition of foxtail millet bran and the fatty acid profile, physicochemical properties and tocopherol composition of foxtail millet bran oil, are presented in this work. The results indicate that the millet bran constituted 9.39 ± 0.17% crude oil, 12.48 ± 0.41% crude protein, and 51.69 ± 2.14% crude fiber. The specific gravity, refractive index, saponification value, and unsaponifiable matter content of millet bran oil were 0.9185 ± 0.0003 g/cm³ ( d₂₀²⁰ ) \left( {d_{20}^{20} } \right) , 1.4676 ± 0.0002 ( n_D⁴⁰ ) \left( {n_{D}^{40} } \right) , 186.29 ± 0.51 mg KOH/g, and 3.62 ± 0.19 g/100 g, respectively. The tocopherol content was 64.83 ± 0.83 mg/100 g oil, which consisted mainly of γ-tocopherol (48.79 ± 0.46 mg/100 g oil) and α-tocopherol (15.53 ± 0.31 mg/100 g oil). The millet bran oil was rich in linoleic acid (66.5%) and oleic acid (13.0%). The saturated fatty acids included palmitic acid (6.4%) and stearic acid (6.3%). The major fatty acid in the sn-2 position of the millet oil was linoleic acid (71.2%). The dominant triacylglycerols, calculated according to the 1,3-random-2-random hypothesis, were trilinoleate (LLL, 29.3%) and dilinoleoyl-monoolein (LLO, 17.2%). This work might be useful for developing applications for millet bran and its oil.     

Antioxidant Phenolics of Millet Control Lipid Peroxidation in Human LDL Cholesterol and Food Systems

Phenolic extracts from seven millet varieties, namely kodo, finger (Ravi), finger (local), proso, foxtail, little and pearl were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in in-vitro copper-mediated human LDL cholesterol oxidation and several food model systems, namely cooked comminuted pork, stripped corn oil, and linoleic acid emulsion. The total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activities were measured. The TPC ranged from 146 to 1156 μmol ferulic acid equiv (FAE)/g crude extract and the corresponding values based on defatted weight of grain ranged from 8.6 to 32.4 μmol FAE/g. At a final concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, millet extracts inhibited LDL cholesterol oxidation by 1–41%. All seven varieties exhibited effective inhibition of lipid oxidation in food systems used in this study and kodo millet exhibited superior inhibition of lipid peroxidation, similar to butylated hydroxyanisole at 200 ppm. Thus, millets may serve as a natural source of antioxidants in food applications and as a nutraceutical and functional food ingredient in health promotion and disease risk reduction.     

糜糠水解-氧化-水解法制取草酸工艺研究

研究了以糜糠为原料用水解-氧化-水解制取草酸的工艺方法。最佳反应条件:70%硫酸:物料浸泡时间3小时:硝酸:糜糠:催化剂=2.24:1:0.002:氧化-水解反应时间5小时:反应温度65℃-70℃,草酸二水合物收率:85.5％,纯度99.5％。硫酸浓度、糜糠浸泡时间、硝酸用量、催化剂用量、反应时间及温度对产品收率均有影响。     

Identification and Field Evaluation of Components of Female Sex Pheromone of Millet Stem Borer, Coniesta ignefusalis

Five active compounds were detected during analyses of ovipositor washings and effluvia from virgin female Coniesta ignefusalis moths by gas chromatography (GC) linked to electroantennographic (EAG) recording from a male moth. These were identified as (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol (Z7–12:OH), (Z)-5-decen-1-ol (Z5–10:OH), (Z)-7-dodecenal (Z7–12:Ald), (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7–12:Ac), and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9–14:OH) by comparison of their GC retention times, mass spectra, and EAG activities with those of synthetic standards. Laboratory tests of dispensers for these compounds showed that release rates from polyethylene vials increased to relatively uniform values after three to four days, but release from septa was very rapid and nonuniform and decreased to low levels after two to three days. Trapping tests in Niger showed that the major component, Z7–12:OH, and two of the minor components, Z5–10:OH and Z7–12:Ald, were essential for attraction of male C. ignefusalis moths. The most attractive blend contained these three components in a 100:5:3.3 ratio in a polyethylene vial, which emitted the components in similar proportions to those produced by the female C. ignefusalis moth. Water traps baited with this blend containing 1 mg of Z7–12:OH caught more male C. ignefusalis moths than traps baited with newly emerged female moths. Addition of up to 10% of the corresponding E isomers of the pheromone components had no effect on catches, but addition of the other two minor components detected, Z7–12:Ac and/or Z9–14:OH, to the attractive blend at naturally occurring levels caused significant reductions in trap catch.