Representative band selection for hyperspectral image classification

High dimensional curse for hyperspectral images is one major challenge in image classification. In this work, we introduce a novel spectral band selection method by representative band mining. In the proposed method, the distance between two spectral bands is measured by using disjoint information. For band selection, all spectral bands are first grouped into clusters, and representative bands are selected from these clusters. Different from existing clustering-based band selection methods which select bands from each cluster individually, the proposed method aims to select representative bands simultaneously by exploring the relationship among all band clusters. The optimal representative band selection is based on the criteria of minimizing the distance inside each cluster and maximizing the distance among different representative bands. These selected bands can be further applied in hyperspectral image classification. Experiments are conducted on the 92AV3C Indian Pine data set. Experimental results show that the disjoint information-based spectral band distance measure is effective and the proposed representative band selection approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods for high dimensional image classification.     

基于聚类的高光谱图像无损压缩

高光谱海量数据的有效压缩成为遥感技术发展中需要迫切解决的问题。该文提出了一种基于聚类的高光谱图像无损压缩算法。针对高光谱图像不同频谱波段间相关性不同的特点,根据相邻波段相关性大小进行波段分组。由于高光谱图像波段数量较多,采用自适应波段选择算法对高光谱图像进行降维,以获取信息量较大的部分波段,利用k均值算法对降维后的波段谱矢量进行聚类。采用多波段预测的方案对各组中的波段进行预测,对于各个分类中的每个像素,分别选取与其空间相邻的已编码的部分同类点进行训练,从而获得当前像素的谱间最优预测系数。对AVIRIS型高光谱图像的实验结果表明,该算法可显著降低压缩后的平均比特率。     

面向目标检测基于稀疏表示的波段选择方法

随着高光谱成像技术的发展,日益提高的光谱分辨率在提高目标检测和识别能力的同时,其较高的数据维度和较大的数据量也为数据分析和处理带来了很大的挑战.波段选择作为一种有效提高处理效率的技术受到广泛关注,但却鲜有专门针对目标检测设计的方法.针对上述问题,本文在分析约束能量最小化（CEM）检测算法特点的基础上,提出了一种面向目标检测,基于稀疏表示的波段选择方法.该方法首先基于数据的对称KL散度分布情况,将原始高光谱数据划分为若干波段子空间.然后在各子空间内稀疏重构检测结果,利用选择波段与稀疏向量非零项的一一对应关系,通过求解最优化问题实现波段选择.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

Hyperion高光谱影像波段选择方法比较研究

Hyperion影像的光谱分辨率高,数据体积庞大,而且相邻波段之间的相关性强,信息冗余度较高, 给数据处理与解译带来了很多问题。鉴于此,提出了通过将分段主成分分析和波段指数相结合来开展波段选择与降维研究的思想。 同时采用自适应波段选择法、波段指数法和主成分分析累计贡献率方法进行了波段选择方法的对比研究;对4种波段选择方法所得到的结 果进行了最佳波段组合、地物可分性和图像变换比较分析。实验结果表明,分段主成分分析与波段指数综合方法可以有效抑制由于全局变换造成局部重要光谱被滤除的现象 ,同时还可兼顾自适应分区后各子区间及区间内波段之间的相关性,有效降低高光谱数据的维度。由此可见,该方法的波段选择效 果优于传统的自适应波段选择方法、波段指数法以及主成分分析累计贡献率方法。     

An information-theoretic approach to spectral variability,similarity, and discrimination for hyperspectral image analysis

A hyperspectral image can be considered as an image cube where the third dimension is the spectral domain represented by hundreds of spectral wavelengths. As a result, a hyperspectral image pixel is actually a column vector with dimension equal to the number of spectral bands and contains valuable spectral information that can be used to account for pixel variability, similarity and discrimination. We present a new hyperspectral measure, the spectral information measure (SIM), to describe spectral variability and two criteria, spectral information divergence and spectral discriminatory probability for spectral similarity and discrimination, respectively. The spectral information measure is an information-theoretic measure which treats each pixel as a random variable using its spectral signature histogram as the desired probability distribution. Spectral information divergence (SID) compares the similarity between two pixels by measuring the probabilistic discrepancy between two corresponding spectral signatures. The spectral discriminatory probability calculates spectral probabilities of a spectral database (library) relative to a pixel to be identified so as to achieve material identification. In order to compare the discriminatory power of one spectral measure relative to another, a criterion is also introduced for performance evaluation, which is based on the power of discriminating one pixel from another relative to a reference pixel. The experimental results demonstrate that the new hyperspectral measure can characterize spectral variability more effectively than the commonly used spectral angle mapper (SAM)     

A joint band prioritization and band-decorrelation approach to bandselection for hyperspectral image classification

Band selection for remotely sensed image data is an effective means to mitigate the curse of dimensionality. Many criteria have been suggested in the past for optimal band selection. In this paper, a joint band-prioritization and band-decorrelation approach to band selection is considered for hyperspectral image classification. The proposed band prioritization is a method based on the eigen (spectral) decomposition of a matrix from which a loading-factors matrix can be constructed for band prioritization via the corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Two approaches are presented, principal components analysis (PCA)-based criteria and classification-based criteria. The former includes the maximum-variance PCA and maximum SNR PCA, whereas the latter derives the minimum misclassification canonical analysis (MMCA) (i.e., Fisher's discriminant analysis) and subspace projection-based criteria. Since the band prioritization does not take spectral correlation into account, an information-theoretic criterion called divergence is used for band decorrelation. Finally, the band selection can then be done by an eigenanalysis based band prioritization in conjunction with a divergence-based band decorrelation. It is shown that the proposed band-selection method effectively eliminates a great number of insignificant bands. Surprisingly, the experiments show that with a proper band selection, less than 0.1 of the total number of bands can achieve comparable performance using the number of full bands. This further demonstrates that the band selection can significantly reduce data volume so as to achieve data compression     

基于子空间中主成分最优线性预测的高光谱波段选择

针对高光谱遥感图像的异常检测问题,为了使高光谱降维数据能更完整地保留其光谱信息,提出了基于子空间中主成分最优线性预测的波段选择方法.采用改进相关性度量的谱聚类方法将高光谱波段划分为不同的子空间,并对各子空间中的波段进行主成分分析(PCA),选择主要分量作为重构目标;以子空间追踪法为搜索策略,从各子空间中选择数个波段对其重构目标进行联合最优线性预测;合并各子空间中的所选波段得到最佳波段子集.实验结果表明,该方法选择的波段子集可以较完整地重构原始数据,与原始数据以及自适应波段选择(ABS)方法、线性预测(LP)方法、最大方差主成分分析(MVPCA)方法、自相关矩阵波段选择(ACMBS)方法、组合因子最优波段选择(OCFBS)方法得到的波段子集相比,其波段子集具有更好的异常检测性能.     

基于波段指数的高光谱影像波段选择算法

为了去除高光谱影像的数据冗余,提高高光谱影像处理的精度和效率,提出了一种基于波段指数的高光谱影像波段选择算法。采用小波变换对高光谱图像数据进行去噪处理,依据联合偏度-峰度指数将波段进行分组,再根据波段指数的大小确定相对较小指数的波段,并将其作为冗余波段进行去除,从而得到最小波段集。结果表明,利用该波段集和全波段所选的端元是一致的,在不影响端元提取的前提下,最大程度地去除了冗余波段,而且该波段集与全波段的分类精度较接近。该算法在波段选择过程中具有可行性与有效性,为降低高光谱影像维数提供了一种帮助。     

Interest Points for Hyperspectral Image Data

Interest points are widely used as point-features for image matching. This paper describes robust and efficient algorithms to extract multiscale interest points in hyperspectral images in which structural information is distributed across several spectral bands. The formulation is based on a Gaussian scale-space representation of the hyperspectral data cube, and the use of a principal components decomposition to combine information efficiently across spectral bands. A spectral distance measure is used to characterize spatial relations between neighboring hyperspectral pixels. In addition, we describe methods for preprocessing a pair of hyperspectral images, clustering the spectral signatures of interest points, and using the resulting data for matching points under simple geometric transformations. The stability of the resulting interest points in time-lapse satellite images was determined to be in the range of 52% to 75% in the testing data set that were acquired from variety of landforms like coastal islands of La Parguera, Chesapeake Bay, the Cuprite Mining District of Nevada, and agricultural field images of Kansas and Oklahoma, and thus, they can be used as a foundation for image matching and related image analysis tasks.      

基于波段分组的高光谱图像无损压缩

高光谱图像海量数据给存储和传输带来极大困难,必须对其进行有效压缩。针对高光谱图像不同频谱波段间相关性不同的特点,提出一种基于波段分组的高光谱图像无损压缩算法。为了降低波段排序算法的计算量,根据相邻波段相关性大小预先进行分组,采用最佳后向排序算法对各组波段进行重新排序。在当前波段和参考波段中选取具有相同空间位置的邻域结构,在最小二乘准则下,利用邻域像素对当前预测像素进行最优谱间预测。参考波段和预测残差数据进行JPEG-LS压缩。对OMIS-I型高光谱图像进行实验的结果表明,与基于多波段预测算法相比,该算法可进一步降低压缩后的平均比特率。     

Hyperspectral Fluorescence Imaging for Mouse Skin Tumor Detection

This paper presents a hyperspectral imaging technique based on laser‐induced fluorescence for non‐invasive detection of tumorous tissue on mouse skin. Hyperspectral imaging sensors collect image data in a number of narrow, adjacent spectral bands. Such high‐resolution measurement of spectral information reveals contiguous emission spectra at each image pixel useful for the characterization of constituent materials. The hyperspectral image data used in this study are fluorescence images of mouse skin consisting of 21 spectral bands in the visible spectrum of the wavelengths ranging from 440 nm to 640 nm. Fluorescence signal is measured with the use of laser excitation at 337 nm. An acousto‐optic tunable filter (AOTF) is used to capture images at 10 nm intervals. All spectral band images are spatially registered with the reference band image at 490 nm to obtain exact pixel correspondences by compensating the spatial offsets caused by the refraction differences in AOTF at different wavelengths during the image capture procedure. The unique fluorescence spectral signatures demonstrate a good separation to differentiate malignant tumors from normal tissues for rapid detection of skin cancers without biopsy.     

非线性变换和信息相邻相关的高光谱自适应波段选择

通过非线性函数变换改进后的谱间Pearson相关分析可同时获取高光谱影像光谱间的综合相关系数（rcl）、相关类型和统计显著性水平;研究发现,非线性是高光谱影像的谱间相关性的主要类型。基于相关系数的波段相邻相关系数（rac）在自适应波段选择算法（ABS）中是为了表达波段的独立性,然而发现ABS算法中rac并不能有效表达波段独立性。鉴于此,提出了一种信息相邻相关系数（riac）和基于此指数改进的自适应波段选择算法（MABS）。使用公共数据和实验室采集数据,对ABS、基于线性相关系数（rl）的MABS（rl）和基于rcl的MABS（rcl）等三种算法进行实验。结果表明:在波谱范围和算法有效性及精度方面,MABS均优于ABS;MABS较好地兼顾了大信息量和强独立性原则,其波段选择结果的光谱范围明显大于ABS;MABS（rcl）的光谱范围略大于MABS（rl）;三种算法的总体分类精度（OA）和Kappa系数的大小顺序均为:MABS（rcl） MABS（rl） ABS。     

基于双向预测的高光谱图像无损压缩

提出了一种基于双向预测的高光谱图像无损压缩算法。该算法首先采用自适应波段选择算法选出信息量较大的波段,然后利用聚类算法对这些波段的谱向矢量进行分类预处理。为了便于组织谱间预测过程,根据相邻波段相关性大小进行自适应波段分组,采用双向预测的方法去除谱间相关性。通过在参考波段和预测波段中定义三维上下文预测结构,在聚类结果的基础上,对各个像素分别训练最优的预测系数,从而实现当前波段的有效预测。对AVIRIS型高光谱图像的实验结果表明,该方法可获得较好的无损压缩性能。     

基于互信息波段选择和经验模态分解的高精度高光谱数据分类

在遥感数据处理研究中,高维高光谱数据的冗余信息和噪声严重影响高光谱数据的分类精度,针对此问题提出基于互信息波段选择和经验模态分解的高精度高光谱数据分类算法(MI-EMD-SVM).分别采用基于互信息波段选择方法和经验模态分解实现对高光谱数据的冗余信息处理和特征提取,并获得处理后的高光谱数据X'.采用支持向量机分类算法...     

全变差稀疏约束深度非负矩阵分解高光谱遥感影像解混方法

传统非负矩阵分解方法仅基于单层线性模型,现有的深度非负矩阵分解模型忽略了地物光谱的实际混合物理过程,仅从数学理论考虑深度分解。对此,文中从光谱混合的物理过程出发,综合非负矩阵分解和深度学习,将光谱混合过程进行反向建模,并充分考虑丰度的稀疏性和空间平滑性,构建了用于高光谱遥感影像解混的面向端元矩阵的全变差稀疏约束深度非负矩阵分解模型。通过模拟实验和真实实验,将文中所提方法与5种解混方法进行对比。结果表明,相较于面向丰度的深度非负矩阵分解算法,文中所提方法的平均光谱角距离和均方根误差均有所降低,取得了最佳解混结果。     

基于空谱特性的高光谱图像压缩感知重构

针对现有的高光谱图像压缩感知重构算法对图像的空谱特性利用不够充分,导致重构图像质量不够高的问题,提出了一种高光谱图像变投影率分块压缩感知结合优化谱间预测重构方案。编码端以频段聚类方式将高光谱图像的所有频段分成参考频段和普通频段,对不同频段单独采用不同精度分块压缩感知以获取高光谱数据。在解码端,参考频段直接采用稀疏度自适应匹配追踪( SAMP)算法重构,对于普通频段,则设计了一种优化谱间预测结合SAMP算法的新模型进行重构：首先通过重构的参考频段双向预测普通频段,并对其进行压缩投影,然后计算预测前后普通频段投影值的残差,最后利用SAMP算法重构该残差,以此修正预测值。实验表明,相比同类算法,该算法充分考虑了高光谱图像的空谱特性,有效改善了重构图像质量,且编码复杂度低,易于硬件实现。     

基于扩展数学形态学的高光谱亚像元目标检测

提出了一种基于扩展数学形态学和光谱角度匹配相结合的高光谱亚像元目标检测算法。在目标与背景未知的情况下,同时利用光谱和空间信息实现目标的定位与检测,实现高光谱亚像元目标的检测识别。通过扩展的形态学膨胀和腐蚀运算实现端元提取,采用光谱角度匹配算法进行感兴趣目标的检测识别。算法性能通过AVIRIS数据进行评价,与仅利用光谱角度匹配的算法和RX异常检测算法进行比较。实验证明,所提出的算法性能优于其他两种算法,具有低虚警率的亚像元目标检测结果。     

基于信息论准则的高光谱波段选择方法

与传统多光谱遥感图像相比,高光谱图像是在一定波段范围内窄波段成像的,提供了丰富的光谱信息,拓展了遥感技术的应用范围,但同时存在数据含量大、波段间相关性高等问题,在进行处理时需要对高光谱图像进行降维。通过分析现有高光谱波段选择方法 ,本文提出了一种基于信息论准则的高光谱波段选择方法 ,结合波段信息熵与波段间的相关性,采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)进行波段优选,克服了采用单一使用信息量为适应度的片面性。最后使用AVIRIS图像对提出的算法进行试验,并利用支持向量机分类方法进行分类验证,总体分类精度达到91.0%。     

Band Selection in Multispectral Images by Minimization of Dependent Information

In this paper, a band selection technique for hyperspectral image data is proposed. Supervised feature extraction techniques allow a reduction of the dimensionality to extract relevant features through a labeled training set. This implies an analysis of the existing class distributions, which usually means, in the case of hyperspectral imaging, a large number of samples, making the labeling process difficult. A possible alternative could be the use of information measures, which are the basis of the proposed method. The present approach basically behaves as an unsupervised feature selection criterion, to obtain the relevant spectral bands from a set of sample images. The relations of information content between spectral bands are analyzed, leading to the proposed technique based on the minimization of the dependent information between spectral bands, while trying to maximize the conditional entropies of the selected bands     

波段最大筛选法及其在高光谱目标探测中的应用

提出了一种面向目标探测的高光谱图像波段选择方法—波段最大筛选法(MBS),它将每个波段的图像看成一条波段向量,以两个最不相似的波段作为初始波段,每次从剩余波段中选取一个和已选波段最不相似的波段,通过对波段相似性阈值的合理调节,保证了目标探测算子在所选波段上探测效果最佳。为了验证MBS的有效性,对机载可见光/红外成像光谱仪(AVIRIS)获取的两幅真实高光谱图像进行了实验,结果表明,MBS选出的波段分别占据全部波段的15%和9%,从而使目标探测算子ACE和AMF在其上的探测性能有了明显改善。