汽车造型中的比例研究

比例作为汽车造型中的特征元素之一,具有直观性和可比性,同时也是比特征线更易被消费者认知和理解的特征元素。本文针对经典的比较和谐的三厢车进行比例规律的研究,试图发掘汽车造型中的比例法则,揭示汽车外观形态和内在结构之间的关系,以指导汽车造型设计和研究。     

基于形态学的汽车腰线品牌风格研究

本文在对汽车造型特征分析的基础上,总结了汽车主要的造型特征线,并提出了腰线的概念,通过对不同品牌车型的比较和对同一品牌不同时期车型的比较分析得出汽车腰线对汽车造型风格和品牌延续性的影响。     

“双碳”理念下的新能源汽车充电产品造型设计研究

文章基于以“碳达峰”和“碳中和”为目标的发展理念，深入研究了新能源汽车充电服务产品造型设计的相关内容，以此来指导设计实践。分析了新能源汽车充电产品造型设计的含义和意义，以及新能源充电产品造型的影响因素和特征，并着重根据目前充电服务中所运用的充电设备来分析未来充电产品的造型语言和造型设计方向，探索出符合“双碳”背景下的汽车充电产品造型语言和造型外观。该研究可为新能源产业长期、健康发展下多样化汽车充电服务产品造型的研究提供参考。     

基于眼动技术的产品意象认知模型研究及应用

用户与设计师的协同设计是现代设计中的重要研究课题,但基于意象层面的协同设计很少有研究。产品意象认知模型阐明了消费者情感需求与产品造型之间的关系,运用专家访谈、影响汽车外观造型特征的眼部跟踪观察实验、影响产品意象认知的造型特征提取实验、关键造型特征与产品意象认知关系之量化实验等多实验的方法,建立了基于特征匹配的产品意象认知模型。基于该模型,开发了汽车草图设计原型系统,有效实现了用户与设计师汽车草图协同设计。     

基于平面网格划分的自由曲面成形算法

几何造型技术的研究始于六十年代末,主要研究用线框图和多边形构成的三维形体。进入七十年代后,随着CAD/CAM技术的发展,几何造型向着曲面造型和实体造型两个方面努力发展起来。在诸如汽车、航空航天、船舶、轻工等领域的CAD中,自由曲线与自由     

汽车曲面参数化造型优化仿真研究北大核心CSCD

对汽车曲面参数化造型进行优化,可提高汽车外观造型优化设计的质量。由于汽车造型曲面参数有多种,如有一个参数发生变化,汽车曲面造型容易发生变化。采用传统的方法对汽车曲面参数化造型设计时,主要通过建立车身曲面数学模型实现的,忽略了曲面参数之间的关联,导致设计误差大的问题。提出采用B样条理论的汽车曲面参数化造型设计方法。首先建立汽车车身曲面数学模型,依据给定的车身曲面型值点和边界条件反求出汽车车身曲面的特征网格点矩阵,其次,计算出汽车车身曲面的所有特征网格顶点,最后利用自由变形技术,将汽车曲面参数三维模型的六面体空间分配到固定的网格参数坐标,通过调整控制点促使模型产生变形效果,有效的实现汽车曲面参数化造型优化设计。仿真结果表明,改进的汽车曲面参数化造型设计方法有效的提升了汽车造型设计的效率。     

从横向造型特征统一性看奥迪品牌发展

汽车行业的发展已从传统的技术型驱动转变为品牌文化与技术型双重驱动。一方面．用户希望从产品背后得到更多的东西;另一方面,汽车厂商希望通过“提炼信息然后不断强化”的造型手法增强用户粘性,汽车造型设计中的横向造型特征统一性作为构建汽车品牌文化的载体和手段已发展为汽车企业的核心竞争力。文童将奥迪汽车的横向造型特征统一性分为车身侧面、车身前脸、车身尾部三个部分进行分析,探讨汽车的横向造型特征统一性与汽车品牌发展的关系。     

面向用户认知的汽车产品族前脸造型设计方法

为了帮助新兴的自主汽车企业形成家族特征前脸,提高消费者的产品认知 度,提出了面向用户认知的汽车产品族前脸造型设计的方法。阐述了汽车前脸造型及产品族 的定义、概念与作用,并将具体设计过程划分为完形设计、识别特征设计与细节设计3 个步 骤,进一步阐释了前脸造型特征在产品族中运用的方式,最后以实例进行了说明。     

汽车造型规律之研究

如今,随着社会的不断发展,汽车也逐渐成为大众消费的焦点。在购买汽车时,除了产品的质量、性能之外,汽车的造型无疑是人们关注的另一个重点。作为一类工业产品,汽车造型有着其自身的规律性。这些规律性的特征又与许多因素相关联。其中除了制约汽车造型的技术方面的因素之外,还包括其他诸如时代、地域文化等因素。从这些因素中,我们可以找出汽车造型的基本规律。     

基于视知觉形式动力理论的汽车造型设计研究

文章基于阿恩海姆的视知觉形式动力理论分析汽车车身形态特征及表现形式,从理性视觉力与感性视觉力两个角度总结出汽车形态中体现的视觉动力方法与规律。汽车造型设计本质是通过视觉力的构建与用户的知觉情感达成共鸣的。从视觉动力这一审美心理学的角度分析汽车形态,为汽车造型设计的发展提供了新的思路,为研究欣赏汽车作品提供了新的认知方法。     

三厢轿车侧面造型特征及发展趋势研究

汽车的侧面造型决定着整个车型的设计风格和车型定位,在整车的设计中具有十分重要的地位。文章通过对三厢车侧面造型六个主要造型特征的纵向和横向对比分析,探求三厢车侧面造型的发展变化规律,寻找不同档次车型的差异原因,指导以后的汽车设计。     

C-NCAP（2018）行人保护对汽车设计开发的影响

C-NCAP将从2018年开始引入对行人保护的评价。与Eruo NCAP相比,C-NCAP（2018）虽然取消WAD 775 mm的上腿部碰撞测试,但是行人保护总得分率要求却明显提高,对行人保护的要求更加严格。根据行人保护的基本要求,从汽车前端造型、总布置以及结构设计3方面,阐述C-NCAP（2018）行人保护测试规程对汽车设计的影响,为旧车型的改造以及新车型的开发提供借鉴与参考。     

“天人合一”思想在古代车辆上的体现

中国古代车辆曾经拥有一段辉煌的历史,其独特的造型在世界古车发展史上具有十分重要的地位。在当今振兴和发展中国自己的汽车产业课题中,怎样使汽车设计体现中国传统文化而受世人青睐,一直是国人设计师探索的问题。从长远的发展来看,技术水平是可以通过后天学习追赶的。差距的根本还在于是一个文明背后所支撑的民族精神。本文通过对中国古代车辆的研究,梳理上古文明的根脉,分析古车形成及其发展的原因,为促进中国民族汽车品牌的建立探索一条途径。     

Balancing homogeneity and heterogeneity in design exploration by synthesizing novel design alternatives based on genetic algorithm and strategic styling decision

Designers constantly and consistently draft and develop both general concepts and directions to identify the solution that best fits the styling objectives of the lead designer. Designers often confront design fixations that cognitively clash to explore different design combinations. As design teams explore the range of possible design spaces of a certain design strategy, there is an opportunity for computational approaches to improve the styling process. By implementing product appearance similarity and styling strategy in computational design synthesis, it is possible to discover combinations that would otherwise remain unexplored by human designers. Numerous studies on design synthesis have been conducted. However, there has been no focus on the morphological synthesis of designs with strategic styling decisions. Considering this, the proposed study develops a method to synthesize car styling based on product appearance similarity for effective design exploration in the concept generation phase. The similarities of products across different generations, product portfolios, and competitors’ products are calculated to evaluate the strategic styling decision. The results of the strategic styling decision are used to formulate a fitness function. Car styling is then synthesized with a genetic algorithm based on this fitness function to generate car styling in accordance with the target strategic styling decision. In this respect, designers can computationally synthesize novel design alternatives that consider both homogeneity (family look in design) and heterogeneity (design trend in the market) by pinpointing the desired design exploration area. Ultimately, the style synthesis methodology proposed in this research can help designers to utilize the gradual visualization of styling strategies for more effective and efficient managerial design decisions. To do this, we conduct five major tasks: first, car design data are collected for design synthesis; second, the product appearance similarity is calculated to measure the strategic styling decision; third, synthesis validation is conducted to test whether the proposed methodology can create outside-the-box designs; fourth, a genetic algorithm is used to synthesize car designs in consideration of the strategic styling decision; finally, a series of in-depth interviews with experts and validation experiments are conducted with in-house automobile designers to examine the impact of the proposed methodology. The results showed that designers can quantitatively measure and compare the styling strategies of each car brand, then implement design upgrades, while still maintaining that specific style. Correspondingly, computationally generated design alternatives improve the satisfaction in ease, time, objective reflection and novelty of design outcomes when formulating design strategies in the concept generation phase.     

产品造型设计多阶段网络耦合决策方法研究

为综合考虑产品造型设计多阶段决策信息,引入复杂网络理论,提出了产品造型设计多阶段网络耦合决策流程.对产品造型设计多阶段决策关系进行了耦合关联建模,基于对决策者评分的一致性分析确定设计决策网络的邻接矩阵,依据网络凝聚度变化获得决策者权重,以设计决策网络凝聚度的稳定性和决策者意见一致性确定决策轮次,构建规划函数计算产品造型设计决策各阶段权重,通过线性耦合实现多阶段决策信息集结.以数控磨床造型设计决策为例验证了方法的有效性,结果表明所提方法能够实现产品造型设计多阶段决策信息的集结,提高设计决策的全局性和科学性.     

汽车造型设计与形式美法则

传统意义上的形式美,是单纯的针对艺术领域而言的,而汽车造型设计则是从属于工艺美术的范畴。文章从技术美学的角度分析汽车造型的方法,要求设计师从功能、技术等角度去追求造型的变化,在功能形式上注重从生活细节与感触中提炼形式美法则来指导汽车造型设计,在实践案例中挖掘现代设计与技术美学的关系,将传统美学的美融入生活使之设计生活、倡导生活,创造和改变生动的形式美使大众产生享受体验的乐趣。     

Rich-text document styling restoration via reinforcement learning

Richly formatted documents, such as financial disclosures, scientific articles, government regulations, widely exist on Web. However, since most of these documents are only for public reading, the styling information inside them is usually missing, making them improper or even burdensome to be displayed and edited in different formats and platforms. In this study we formulate the task of document styling restoration as an optimization problem, which aims to identify the styling settings on the document elements, e.g., lines, table cells, text, so that rendering with the output styling settings results in a document, where each element inside it holds the (closely) exact position with the one in the original document. Considering that each styling setting is a decision, this problem can be transformed as a multi-step decision-making task over all the document elements, and then be solved by reinforcement learning. Specifically, Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is leveraged to explore the different styling settings, and the policy function is learnt under the supervision of the delayed rewards. As a case study, we restore the styling information inside tables, where structural and functional data in the documents are usually presented. Experiment shows that, our best reinforcement method successfully restores the stylings in 87.65% of the tables, with 25.75% absolute improvement over the greedymethod.We also discuss the tradeoff between the inference time and restoration success rate, and argue that although the reinforcement methods cannot be used in real-time scenarios, it is suitable for the offline tasks with high-quality requirement. Finally, this model has been applied in a PDF parser to support cross-format display.     

An active styling platform for designing and developing product families

In recent years, fierce market competition has increased the need for incorporating manufacturing flexibility into product styling. The product styling platform approach proposed in this paper offers an insight into how this challenge can be dealt with by transforming an existing product fashion into an intangible styling module with the view to refreshing its appeal. This paper addresses the important issues of how the approach can be turned into a robust applicational tool to facilitate the design of product families to satisfy diverse customer needs. The paper investigates the nature and quantification of modular styling. By capturing and analysing design experts’ opinions on product styling, the evolution of a fashion can be quantified in the form of a schema of diffusion styles. The study has also led to the development of the ideas of “Prompt Time Market Segmentation Grid” and the “Active Style Diagnosis”. The concepts are applied in an “Active Product Styling Platform” with scalable and expandable capabilities to enhance the effectiveness of conventional product styling practices. This approach can also help the formation of product style families and facilitate the development of products particularly in a mass customisation environment.     

基于神经网络的汽车侧面造型评价方法

利用反向传播(BP)神经网络,在 MATLAB 中搭建汽车造型轮廓与意象语义之间的关系模型,快 速判断汽车侧面造型风格。随后利用卷积神经网络(CNN)搭建的表情识别模型建立汽车造型评价系统,分析并 识别用户对于新设计的喜好程度,以得到符合用户情感需求的汽车侧面造型方案。最后通过实例验证方法的可 行性,并推断出流线型汽车的最佳曲率范围。实验结果表明,基于神经网络的汽车造型量化评价方法可以较准 确地对产品造型设计进行评价并以数据形式得到具体意象的侧面造型。