加筋板广布疲劳损伤的剩余强度分析

给出加筋板广布疲劳损伤的两种损伤类型和两个剩余强度判据,剩余强度判据是净截面塑性区屈服判据和裂尖韧带屈服判据.给出蒙皮带有多裂纹和蒙皮带有多裂纹且桁条也带有裂纹时应力强度因子的近似工程估算方法.文中也给出加筋板含多裂纹时剩余强度净截面塑性区屈服判据和裂尖韧带屈服判据的表达式及塑性区尺寸估算方法.对三种损伤的加筋板进行剩余强度试验,指出多裂纹尤其是桁条也带裂纹时剩余强度降低较多.用上述两种判据进行加筋板广布疲劳损伤剩余强度预测,预测结果和试验结果比较符合.     

直裂纹三点弯曲圆梁断裂韧度试样的J积分估算公式

直裂纹三点弯曲圆梁是一种新型的断裂韧度试样［１～３］。本文推导了这种试样在约束朔性条件下的Ｊ积分估算公式，其结果与通常采用的矩形截面梁［４，５］不同。采用Ｚａｈｏｏｒ的推导方法［４］，所得结果没有深裂纹和净截面屈服的限制，这也区别于熟知的Ｒｉｃｅ方法［５］。     

飞机铝合金壁板结构广布疲劳多裂纹扩展与剩余强度研究

随着航空工业的发展,飞机经过长时间服役,其广布疲劳损伤带来的飞机服役可靠性问题日益受到关注。针对飞机铝合金壁板结构开展了疲劳裂纹扩展试验与剩余强度拉伸试验,以及数值仿真研究,并采用塑性区连通准则、表观断裂韧性准则、净截面屈服准则和韧带平均应力准则4种典型的多裂纹连通准则对其剩余强度进行了对比分析。结果表明：随着疲劳裂纹的逐渐扩展,裂纹尖端应力强度因子逐渐增大,裂纹扩展速率逐渐增大。对于含多裂纹的铝合金壁板结构,建立剩余强度与裂纹总长度的关系更能准确体现机身壁板在实际服役过程中的剩余强度变化。与其他3种准则相比,塑性区连通准则可以控制含等长度裂纹与非等长度裂纹的铝合金壁板结构剩余强度的预测结果与试验结果的相对误差在5%以内,是4种准则中预测精度最高的,因此,塑性区连通准则对飞机铝合金壁板结构广布疲劳损伤设计具有良好的指导意义。     

Monte-Carlo法计算含缺陷油气输送管线的失效概率

利用Monte-Carlo方法全面分析了裂纹深度、裂纹深长比、断裂韧度、屈服强度和输送压力等主要随机参数对含裂纹长输油气管线结构的失效概率的影响。利用故障树分析中的参数敏感性方法确定了随机参数的敏感性。计算结果表明,断裂韧度和裂纹深度对结构的失效概率影响较大,裂纹深长比对结构的失效概率也有重要影响。此外,还分析了焊接接头在不同的裂纹深度下,强度匹配对失效概率的影响,并还给出了管线在不同的失效模式下的年失效概率。     

曲轴的疲劳断裂分析

系统阐述利用有限元法对机械结构零部件进行疲劳断裂分析的相关理论和方法。在此基础上对16V240机车柴油机曲轴的最危险曲拐进行最大和最小工况下的三维有限元分析，确定裂纹易产生的危险截面，求解危险截面处不同深度和形态的表面椭圆裂纹的应力强度因子，并拟合关于椭圆裂纹特征参数及总体坐标下的等效应力强度因子的近似表达式。为预测含裂纹曲轴的承载能力、剩余寿命、制定判废标准等提供相关的疲劳断裂参数。     

利用铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率预测其断裂韧度

测试了2124铝合金TL与LT取向疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值,提出了用疲劳裂纹失稳扩展阶段最后十个循环中的最大值来估算2124铝合金TL与LT取向的断裂韧度K′C的方法,并将其与Forman公式预测的断裂韧度Kc值进行对比。结果表明:K′C与Kc值结果相近,误差分散度小;将K′C值代入全范围疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式中,对2124铝合金TL和LT取向试验数据进行计算,预测结果与试验结果较好吻合。     

带环向切口金属杆的断裂强度

对带环向切口的金属圆杆进行了断裂拉伸实验,由实验数据分别计算了净截面应力强度和名义截面应力强度,对切口试件的应力集中问题进行了应力集中系数的讨论和断裂力学的强度因子分析。利用非线性断裂理论推导出计算带环向切口裂纹拉伸杆承载力计算公式,并将数值计算结果与实验结果进行比较。     

陶瓷材料断裂韧度的非局部理论研究

利用非局部弹性理论和最大拉应力准则，推导了陶瓷材料Ⅰ，Ⅱ型裂纹平面应为断裂韧度的理论计算公式，公式与裂纹几何无关，仅与材料参数有关。通过实验得出，断裂韧度的理论值是测试值的下限。     

一个双参数断裂准则

双参数断裂准则建立在下述原理基础上,沿裂纹尖端初始弹-塑性边界计算的弹性应变能密度的最大值达到光滑试样单轴拉伸时的特征断裂能的弹性部分时,裂纹起始失稳扩展发生。于是,裂纹失稳扩展不仅取决于材料的断裂韧度K_(IC),还因为考虑了断裂前裂纹尖端的非弹性变形,裂纹失稳扩展还与参数ω有关,ω是材料的断裂应力与屈服应力之比。因此,双参数断裂准则不但适用于脆性断裂,还可用于伴有局部塑性变形的准脆性断裂。     

桥式起重机焊接箱形梁疲劳裂纹与剩余寿命的研究

以桥式起重机焊接箱形梁为研究对象,运用断裂力学,对强度因子和疲劳裂纹扩展公式加以修正,研究了在恒幅与随机变幅载荷作用下线弹性裂纹的扩展情况,以及材料在小范围屈服的情况下弹塑性裂纹的扩展情况。该研究与实际情况更加接近,能够相对准确地估算出桥式起重机的剩余寿命,对于减少起重机疲劳破坏事故的发生,指导起重机的设计、制造和特种设备的检验分析具有重要意义。     

31Si2MnCrMoVE钢薄板试样表面裂纹断裂韧度测试

31Si2MnCrMoVE钢是为符合固体火箭发动机壳体设计需要而专门研制的超高强度钢。随着冶炼技术的进步,31Si2MnCrMoVE钢断裂韧度不断提高,构件采用的板厚也越来越薄。由于较高的断裂韧度和较小的板厚,给钢板表面裂纹断裂韧度测试带来困难,韧带尺寸偏小,难以满足有效性判据。这种情况下,不应该用线弹性断裂力学方法评价材料的断裂韧度,而应采用弹塑性断裂力学测试材料的延性断裂韧度JIC。基于以上原因,在条件断裂韧度不满足有效性判据的情况下,采用试验与有限元分析相结合的方法,通过试验测出裂纹启裂时的条件载荷,用有限元法计算出在条件载荷作用下的延性断裂韧度JIC,再用断裂力学理论转换成表面裂纹断裂韧度KIe。用JIC作为断裂参量,就必须分析J积分的有效性,因此讨论超高强度钢表面裂纹前缘的J守恒和J主导的有效性,从而为固体火箭发动机设计提供依据。     

典型机翼整体壁板止裂特性分析及优化设计

通过断裂力学的方法,应用大型有限元软件,分析典型加筋机翼整体壁板几何参数对止裂特性的影响.对各种参数下多筋条铝合金整体加筋壁板,裂纹从断裂筋条下向两侧均匀扩展的开裂模式,进行剩余强度的计算.采用遗传算法对典型加筋整体壁板参数进行优化设计,该计算与设计是根据中心加强件断裂的蒙皮双跨裂纹最大损伤范围的建议进行的.其能找出满足裂纹处在双跨筋条间距以内被有效止裂的条件下,使结构重量最轻的参数,为保证剩余强度下进行结构减重设计提供参考.     

Effect of local yield strength gradients on fatigue crack propagation

A new crack propagation effect is discussed analytically and demonstrated experimentally. It is shown that local one-dimensional variations in yield strength (strength gradients) can effect a major change in the rate of crack growth under conditions of constant amplitude cycled stress intensity at the crack tip as determined by linear elastic fracture mechanics. Rice's path independent integral is combined with certain fracture mechanics arguments to derive a crack propagation law which predicts that crack extension per cycle is modulated by strength gradients if they are present, in proportion to their slope. Experimental data are developed for two aluminum alloys which demonstrate the effect conclusively. The importance of these results as they apply to real engineering components where strength gradients are known to occur because of casting, forging, rolling, joining, etc. is discussed. The strength gradient effect is shown to be discrete and separate from other effects including the influence of local levels of strength.     

Experimental and numerical determination of critical stress intensity factor of aluminum curved thin sheets under tensile stress

We determined the fracture toughness of aluminum curved thin sheets using tensile stress tests and finite element method. We applied Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and Feddersen procedure to evaluate stress intensity factor of the samples with central wire-cut cracks and fatigue cracks with different lengths to investigate the notch radius effect. Special fixture design was utilized to establish uniform stress distribution at the crack zone. Less than 9 % difference was found between the wire-cut and the fatigue cracked samples. Since generating central fatigue crack with different lengths required so much effort, wire-cut cracked samples were used to determine critical stress intensity factor. Finite element analysis was also performed on one-quarter of the specimen using both the singular Borsum elements and the regular isoparametric elements to further investigate fracture toughness of the samples. It was observed that the singular elements presented better results than the isoparametric ones. A slight difference was also found between the results obtained from finite element method using singular elements and the experimental results.     

Precision forging technology for aluminum alloy

Aluminum alloy is a preferred metal material for lightweight part manufacturing in aerospace, automobile, and weapon industries due to its good physical properties, such as low density, high specific strength, and good corrosion resistance. However, during forging processes, underfilling, folding, broken streamline, crack, coarse grain, and other macro- or microdefects are easily generated because of the deformation characteristics of aluminum alloys, including narrow forgeable temperature region, fast heat dissipation to dies, strong adhesion, high strain rate sensitivity, and large flow resistance. Thus, it is seriously restricted for the forged part to obtain precision shape and enhanced property. In this paper, progresses in precision forging technologies of aluminum alloy parts were reviewed. Several advanced precision forging technologies have been developed, including closed die forging, isothermal die forging, local loading forging, metal flow forging with relief cavity, auxiliary force or vibration loading, casting-forging hybrid forming, and stamping-forging hybrid forming. High-precision aluminum alloy parts can be realized by controlling the forging processes and parameters or combining precision forging technologies with other forming technologies. The development of these technologies is beneficial to promote the application of aluminum alloys in manufacturing of lightweight parts.     

管线钢断裂韧度测试实验研究进展

随着管道钢强度和韧度的增加,表征材料断裂韧度的参数也在变化,同时断裂韧度测试技术也得到了不断的发展。本文介绍了几种测试材料断裂韧度的小试件实验以及存在的问题。重点介绍了一种准静态测试CTOA的小试件,以及测量CTOA的实验方法,为天然气管道止裂研究提供帮助。     

TRANSFERABILITY OF TOUGHNESS RESULT TO FRACTURE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WELDED JOINTS CONSIDERING STABLE CRACK GROWTH

0INTRODUCTIONAttemptsarebeingmadebymany.,.areh..[I~41toaPPlyfracturemechanicstestresultstofractureperformanceevaluationofstmctundcomponents.Thelinkbetweenthefmeturemechanicstestresultsandthefmeturebehaviorofrealisticstructuralcomponentsiscalledfoetransferability.Recently,acProgressivemathalshavebeenp~edtoaddressthetransferability.OneistheJ--TandJ-Qtheori.,L51,wheretheT-stressandQ-p~terhavebeendevelopedtOqUantifythedifferencebetWeenthefull-fieldsolutionforthenearcracktipstressdistribu…     

常用压力容器钢断裂行为研究

利用三点弯曲试验,测试了16MnR、20R和Q235B三种常用压力容器钢的断裂行为和断裂韧度,并用扫描电镜观察了试样的断口形貌。结果表明：三种材料常温下均呈现韧性断裂,所有试样断口均存在裂纹分层现象,其中以16MnR裂纹扩展区分层现象最不明显,而Q235B裂纹扩展区分层现象最明显;当裂纹扩展方向与分层方向不一致时,分层现象的存在阻止了裂纹的扩展,从而提高材料的强度与韧度。     

Toughness and fracture mechanisms of glass fiber/aluminum hybrid laminates under tensile loading

Tensile properties and fracture toughness of monolithic aluminum (Al), glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs) and glass fiber/aluminum hybrid laminates (GFMLs) were examined in relation to the fracture processes of plain coupon and single-edge-notched specimens. Elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of GFMLs showed characteristic dependences on the kind of Al, fiber orientation and the Al/fiber layer composition ratio. Fracture toughnesses K_C and G_C of A-GFML-UD were comparable to those of GFRP-UD and were much superior to monolithic Al. However, GFML with a transverse crack parallel to the fiber layer deteriorated largely in toughness. Microscopic observation of the fracture zone in the vicinity of the crack tip revealed various modes of micro-cracks in the respective layers as well as fiber fractures and delamination between fiber/Al layers. Such damage advances in GFMLs dependent on the orientation of the fiber layer and the Al/fiber composition ratio strongly influenced the strength and toughness of GFMLs.