分批间歇萃取精馏技术的进展

对分批问歇萃取精馏技术和进展进行了评述，从分批问歇萃取精馏的操作方式、操作可行性、操作优化等几方面介绍了分批间歇萃取精馏的研究情况，指出存在问题和发展方向。     

双再沸器间歇萃取精馏的过程研究

This paper proposes a modified operation mode of batch extractive distillation with two reboilers.The separation of ethanol and water using as ethylene glycol is well done to validate the feasibility of this mode.The pilot-plant experimental data under the identical operational conditions between the regular mode and the modified mode are in particular discussed.The studied results prove more practical advantages of the modified mode over the regular mode such as easier operation control,more flexibility and higher separation efficiency etc.So it supplies certain guidance for the industrial application of batch extractive distillation process.     

萃取精馏及进展

萃取精馏是一种特殊精馏方法 ,适用于近沸点物系和共沸物的分离。萃取精馏按操作方式可分为连续萃取精馏和间歇萃取精馏 ,间歇萃取精馏是近年发展起来的新的萃取精馏方法。萃取精馏的关键是溶剂的选择 ,以往萃取精馏采用的溶剂是单一溶剂 ,近年来人们开始研究使用混合溶剂 ,取得了良好效果     

用工业甲醇脱水纯化制取高纯甲醇

高纯甲醇是一种大量应用于化学及微电子工业领域中的重要溶剂,脱水是工业甲醇纯化精制过程中的一个关键问题。本文通过实验考察了分子筛、树脂、间歇精馏、间歇反应精馏、间歇萃取精馏以及半连续间歇萃取精馏等不同脱水方法的脱水性能,其中半连续间歇萃取精馏是一种最经济可行的脱水提纯制备高醇甲醇的绿色化工分离技术。     

常规间歇萃取精馏分离苯-环己烷的研究

通过一个常规间歇萃取精馏实验装置,考察了不同萃取剂在不同回流比及萃取溶剂加入速率情况下对分离苯-环己烷共沸体系的影响。结果表明,二元混合溶剂能够解决单一溶剂的选择性与溶解性相矛盾的问题;且在同等条件下,综合性能优于单一溶剂;随着溶剂加入速率和操作回流比的增加,产品的产量逐渐提高,尤其重要的是混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术与简单溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术相比并不复杂。     

拟稳态模型用于间歇萃取精馏的数值模拟

Batch extractive distillation (BED) is a special method used in the distillation process by adding a solvent into the batch distillation column to alter the relative volatility of the components and improve the separation. A comprehensive design and simulation method is required due to the complexity of BED. In this study, a quasi-steady-state model for BED is proposed, the derivation and solution of the model are presented. This shortcut model can be used to simulate the composition and temperature of the reboiler, the top and other plates of the column in a batch extractive distillation operation. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experi-mental data. The results show that the quasi-steady-state model is a practical method because of some advantages such as high precision and fast calculation.     

间歇萃取精馏分离乙腈-甲苯共沸体系

应用UNIFAC基团贡献法推导出的萃取剂选择模型,选出异丙苯、对叔丁基甲苯、对二乙基苯为乙腈-甲苯体系的萃取剂,通过气液平衡试验测定了乙腈-甲苯体系和乙腈-甲苯在萃取剂存在下的气液平衡关系,并应用UNIFAC活度系数模型进行气液平衡计算。通过间歇萃取精馏试验考察了不同萃取剂的效果,结果表明,对二乙基苯是最佳的萃取剂,同时研究了回流比、溶剂比对间歇萃取精馏的影响。     

间歇萃取精馏技术的研究进展

对间歇萃取精馏分离技术和进展进行了评述,主要从萃取精馏的溶剂选择与设计、模拟及优化、操作参数对分离过程影响及萃取精馏塔设备等几个方面,介绍了国内外关于间歇萃取精馏新兴分离技术的最新研究动态,最后指出了萃取精馏技术目前存在的问题和今后发展的方向。     

萃取精馏分离苯/环己烷共沸体系模拟与优化

以糠醛作为萃取剂分别使用常规萃取精馏、隔壁塔萃取精馏和差压热集成萃取精馏对苯和环己烷体系进行分离研究,使用流程模拟软件Aspen Plus V8.4进行模拟分析,对初步设计的三稳态流程,分别进行灵敏度分析,使用多目标遗传算法对过程进行整体优化以获得最优结构参数。结果表明,隔壁塔萃取精馏和差压热集成萃取精馏相对于常规萃取精馏所需再沸器热负荷可分别减小21.5%和15.7%。对三工艺流程进行经济性分析,发现与常规流程相比,隔壁塔萃取精馏的年总费用下降了6.0%,而差压热集成萃取精馏年总费用增加了50.8%,为萃取精馏分离苯/环己烷共沸体系工业化设计提供了理论依据和设计参考。     

间歇萃取精馏技术和进展

对间歇萃取精馏技术和进展进行了评述，从间歇萃取精馏的操作方式，操作可行性，操作优化等几方面介绍了间歇萃取精馏的研究情况，指出存在的问题和发展方向。     

乙醇-乙酸乙酯体系的间歇萃取精馏研究

在常规的间歇萃取精馏实验装置中,研究了以N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)和二甲亚砜(DMSO)作萃取剂;在间歇萃取精馏塔中分离乙醇-乙酸乙酯体系的过程。对全回流时间、不同萃取剂、恒沸物组成、溶剂和混合物的体积比、加盐及加碱等因素考察,分析萃取精馏分离乙醇-乙酸乙酯共沸体系的影响,从而得出最佳的萃取条件。     

Extractive distillation: Advances in conceptual design,solvent selection,and separation strategies

Extractive distillation(ED) is one of the most promising approaches for the separation of the azeotropic or closeboiling mixtures in the chemical industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent development of key aspects in the ED process involving conceptual design, solvent selection, and separation strategies. To obtain the minimum entrainer feed flow rate and reflux ratio for the ED process, the conceptual design of azeotropic mixture separation based on a topological analysis via thermodynamic feasibility insights involving residue curve maps, univolatility lines, and unidistribution curves is presented. The method is applicable to arbitrary multicomponent mixtures and allows direct screening of design alternatives. The determination of a suitable solvent is one of the key steps to ensure an effective and economical ED process. Candidate entrainers can be obtained from heuristics or literature studies while computer aided molecular design(CAMD) has superiority in efficiency and reliability. To achieve optimized extractive distillation systems, a brief review of evaluation method for both entrainer design and selection through CAMD is presented. Extractive distillation can be operated either in continuous extractive distillation(CED) or batch extractive distillation(BED), and both modes have been well-studied depending on the advantages in flexibility and low capital costs. To improve the energy efficiency, several configurations and technological alternatives can be used for both CED and BED depending on strategies and main azeotropic feeds. The challenge and chance of the further ED development involving screening the best potential solvents and exploring the energy-intensive separation strategies are discussed aiming at promoting the industrial application of this environmentally friendly separation technique.     

萃取精馏分离丙酮-四氢呋喃的研究

为了分离丙酮-四氢呋喃共沸混合物,研究了萃取精馏在丙酮-四氢呋喃物系中的应用。通过溶剂选择原理初选出乙苯作为萃取精馏分离此共沸物系的溶剂,同时采用NRTL模型对常压下丙酮-四氢呋喃物系和加入溶剂乙苯后的汽液平衡进行模拟和实验验证,模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好。然后进行了间歇萃取精馏分离此共沸物的实验研究来进一步考察所选萃取剂的效果。结果表明:乙苯能够消除丙酮-四氢呋喃共沸物系的共沸点,采用有40块理论板的填料塔,回流比为5,溶剂摩尔比为2.5∶1时塔顶可以得到质量分数为99.34%的丙酮产品,说明采用乙苯作萃取剂分离丙酮-四氢呋喃共沸物是可行的。最后又对连续和间歇萃取精馏分离丙酮-四氢呋喃共沸物的流程进行了模拟,得到的工艺参数将为进一步的工业应用提供了理论依据。     

旋转填料床间歇萃取精馏性能研究

为了寻找强化间歇萃取精馏过程的有效途径,在装填2mm×2mm三角形螺旋填料的旋转床中,以乙醇-水为实验物系,乙二醇为萃取剂,通过考察馏出液组成随时间的变化情况,产品的纯度和回收率随转速、回流比和溶剂比的变化情况,研究了旋转填料床间歇萃取精馏的性能。结果表明,旋转填料床中强大的离心力和高效填料的协同作用极大地强化了间歇萃取精馏过程,具有分离效果好、操作时间短、节能、小设备大生产能力等突出优点;存在最佳转速使产品的纯度和回收率最大;增加溶剂比和回流比均能使产品的纯度和回收率得到提高,但增加溶剂比的效果更显著。旋转填料床是强化间歇萃取精馏过程的有效途径。     

混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏分离过程的模拟

由于混合溶剂存在"混合溶剂效应",能够解决简单溶剂选择性与互溶性相互矛盾的问题,因此混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术可以大大拓宽传统单一溶剂间歇萃取精馏分离技术的应用空间。文章建立了反映常规混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏过程的恒摩尔持液数学模型,并运用2点隐含法对其求解,结果表明,模拟计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。随后运用该模型探讨了塔身持液量、混合溶剂进料位置等因素对混合溶剂常规间歇萃取精馏的影响。得出以下结论,产品馏出速率随塔身持液量的增大而减小,塔顶馏分产量与塔身持液量的关系不大。另外,混合溶剂进料位置的选定对分离效果也有较大的影响,需要正确选择。     

间歇萃取精馏过程模拟计算

提出了一种可用于间歇萃取精馏过程模拟计算的快捷模型－准稳态模型，并对该方法的数学模型进行了推导。用此方法对间歇萃取精馏过程中塔顶、塔釜浓度，各塔板温度随时间的变化进行模拟，其结果与实验值吻合较好。它具有计算精度高、计算速度快等优点。     

Batch extractive distillation under constant reflux ratio

The process of batch extractive distillation may provide the advantages of both batch and extractive distillation. So far this process has not been applied at all probably due to its complexity. An algorithm and a computer program were developed for simulating the experiments of a batch extractive distillation process (separation of acetone and methanol on a pilot-plant column containing 32 bubble cap trays applying water as solvent, the reflux ratio is kept constant) on a PC/AT/486. For the integration of the set of nonlinear differential equations (component material balances) the Runge-Kutta method was used. For saving computation time a 2-D linear interpolation method was applied for the ternary mixture when calculating VLE. The experimental and calculated results are compared. Thqe influence of the operational parameters on the process was studied by simulation. Calculations were carried out for another (nonazeotropic, low relative volatility) mixture with a new professional program “PROSIM BATCH”.     

A generic feasibility study of batch reactive distillation in hybrid configurations

A new graphical feasibility method is developed to investigate batch reactive distillation processes in middle vessel column. The suggested methodology can deal with fully reactive, nonreactive, and complex column configuration. A new formulation is suggested to describe the composition profiles in the reactive sections. Its application has made possible to develop a generic feasibility methodology containing the same model equations independently of the presence or absence of reaction. By combining the reactive and nonreactive models, not only the fully reactive and fully nonreactive but also hybrid configurations can be studied. Feasibility criteria related to the hybrid configurations are also presented. Application of the new methodology is demonstrated on the production of ethyl acetate in batch reactive distillation. Five configurations are found feasible; pure EtOAc is produced as distillate, and pure H₂O is produced at the bottom. In each case, continuous feeding of AcOH is necessary. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

以苯胺为溶剂间歇萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈

提出和研究了以苯胺作为溶剂的甲醇-乙腈间歇萃取精馏分离工艺。根据溶剂极性相似相溶原理,结合ChemCAD软件模拟汽液平衡和汽液平衡实验确定苯胺为合适的溶剂。结果表明,不仅苯胺能够消除甲醇-乙腈物系的共沸现象,效果优于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）,而且可以采用Wilson模型对苯胺作为溶剂的甲醇-乙腈共沸物系汽液平衡进行模拟。通过实验考察了间歇萃取精馏的分离效果。采用有33块理论板的填料塔进行间歇萃取精馏甲醇-乙腈共沸混合物分离实验,其中净化回收段填料层3块理论板,萃取精馏段填料层30块理论板,回流比为4,苯胺作为溶剂,溶剂质量比为2.5∶1时,在塔顶得到产品甲醇质量分数为98.97%,高于DMF作为溶剂时的95.76%;表明苯胺更加适合作为萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈共沸物系的溶剂。     

萃取精馏分离乙腈-正丙醇的研究

采用萃取精馏的方法分离乙腈-正丙醇的共沸物系。首先利用溶剂选择原理和UNIFAC基团贡献法选出N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为萃取精馏的萃取剂,同时采用NRTL模型对常压下乙腈-正丙醇物系和加入萃取剂N-甲基吡咯烷酮后的汽液平衡进行模拟和实验验证,模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好。然后通过间歇萃取精馏实验进一步考察所选萃取剂的分离效果。结果表明,N-甲基吡咯烷酮能够打破共沸,有效分离乙腈-正丙醇共沸物系。采用有28块理论板的填料塔,萃取剂进料位置为第4块板,溶剂比为1.0,回流比为3,可以从塔顶得到质量分数为98.6%的乙腈产品。最后,用Aspen Plus软件对乙腈-正丙醇物系的连续萃取精馏流程进行了模拟,得出的参数为进一步的工业应用奠定基础。