H-103大孔树脂对对苯二酚吸附行为的研究

通过静态吸附试验,研究了H-103大孔树脂对水溶液中对苯二酚的吸附动力学及热力学特性,结果表明吸附符合一级动力吸附方程,颗粒内扩散过程是影响吸附速率的主要控制步骤。吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附为放热的物理吸附过程。适当的降低温度有利于吸附。     

纳米TiO2对铅镉离子的吸附性能研究

研究了纳米TiO2吸附和解吸附铅镉离子的条件。吸附条件为pH为7-8,超声波振荡3-5 min,解吸附条件为0．12 mol/LHCl进行洗脱,温度50℃,此时吸附率和解吸附率均高于98％。结果表明:吸附存在可逆吸附和不可逆吸附过程,吸附等温线类于朗格缪尔吸附,经线性回归计算出吸附方程、吸附平衡常数、最大吸附容量;不可逆吸附容量与纳米TiO2 表面氧原子有关;可逆吸附与表面羟基有关,而两者均受晶体结构影响,比表面积不是影响吸附容量大小的主要因素。在试验的基础上推断了两种吸附过程的模型。     

新型改性骨胶对甲醛吸附性能及机理研究

以柠檬酸对骨胶进行水解,并以戊二醛作为交联剂,制备出一种新型改性骨胶。研究了改性骨胶对甲醛吸附量与吸附时间、吸附温度之间的关系,初步应用一级、二级吸附动力学模型对其吸附曲线进行拟合,并对其吸附动力学特征和吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明:当吸附温度为55℃、吸附时间为7 h时,新型改性骨胶对甲醛的吸附量(56.2 mg/g)最大;新型改性骨胶的吸附动力学曲线符合一级、二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程包括物理吸附和化学吸附。     

内蒙古部分河段表层沉积物对氨氮、硝态氮吸附性能的研究

实验室模拟条件下以内蒙古归流河、弱水河、锡林河、洮儿河以及岱海5条河流的表层沉积物为研究对象,对氨氮、硝态氮进行吸附实验,探究动力学吸附规律及等温吸附特征。结果表明,沉积物对氨氮、硝态氮的吸附量随时间增加而增长,一定时间趋于稳定,吸附动力学过程与Lagergren准二级吸附动力学模型拟合的相关性较显著,属于化学吸附。吸附热力学过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,都属于单分子层吸附。沉积物对氨氮的吸附过程用Freundlich等温吸附模型也能很好地描述,1/n在0.862 2～1.052 6之间,说明吸附过程较容易进行,其中岱海吸附能力最强,洮儿河吸附能力较差;沉积物对硝态氮的吸附用Langmuir等温吸附模型描述,弱水河吸附能力较强,归流河吸附能力较差。     

矸石基吸附剂对罗丹明B吸附特性的研究

采用静态吸附试验,研究了矸石基吸附剂对水中罗丹明B的吸附特性,考察了用量、吸附时间对罗丹明B吸附的影响。结果表明,矸石基吸附剂能有效地吸附水中的罗丹明B。利用Freundlich等温吸附方程和Langmuir等温吸附方程对其吸附过程进行描述,表明矸石基吸附剂易于吸附罗丹明B,吸附属于化学吸附,吸附过程是放热反应;修正准一级吸附动力学方程能很好地描述罗丹明B在矸石基吸附剂上的吸附;根据Arrhenius方程得出该吸附的经验活化能为45.25 kJ/mol。     

甲醇驰放气在不同吸附剂中的吸附热力学

为提高焦炉煤气制甲醇过程产生驰放气的附加值,对CO_2,CO,N_2,CH_4的4种气体在吸附剂上的吸附热力学展开了研究。测定了气体在特定温度下的吸附等温线,采用数学模型计算获得了相应的吸附焓。通过实验数据认为,随着吸附温度的提高,CO_2,CO,N_2,CH_4吸附能力逐渐降低;随着吸附压力的提高,CO_2,CO,N_2,CH_4吸附能力逐渐增强。炭分子筛对CO_2吸附能力最好,吸附过程为物理吸附;铜吸附剂对CO吸附能力最好,吸附过程属于络合吸附;N_2和CH_4的吸附焓随吸附量变化始终保持为一个定值,吸附过程为物理吸附。     

香兰素修饰的吸附树脂对水中奥拉西坦的吸附研究

文章通过静态吸附实验和吸附动力学实验研究了香兰素修饰的吸附树脂(拟命名为XLS-01)对奥拉西坦吸附行为,并通过吸附热力学和吸附动力学的计算,探讨了奥拉西坦在吸附树脂上的吸附机理。结果表明:吸附树脂对奥拉西坦具有较好的吸附性能。     

头发对香料的吸附性研究

对比了若干种具有不同官能团的香料在头发上的吸附能力,并研究了头发对香叶醇的静态吸附行为,根据其吸附等温线探讨其吸附热力学性质。对比结果表明,含有醇羟基的香料化合物的吸附能力较强,而酯类化合物吸附能力较差,这与头发形成氢键的能力有关。香叶醇的吸附结果可以用Freundlich等温吸附方程很好的模拟,吸附焓变为负值,表明吸附为放热过程,降低温度有利于吸附,对吸附焓变和自由能变的讨论同时表明头发对香叶醇的吸附为多分子层物理吸附过程。     

吸附法脱除油品中噻吩类硫化物研究进展

综述了吸附脱硫过程中涉及的各种吸附机理,如物理吸附和化学吸附中的π配合吸附、直接M—S键吸附和电荷转移配合吸附,介绍了相应的吸附剂开发进展。对物理吸附和不同化学吸附方法进行了评述。     

吸附树脂对邻苯二甲酸的吸附条件优化

以吸附树脂和活性炭为吸附剂,考察了吸附剂的种类、吸附温度、吸附液浓度和时间对吸附邻苯二甲酸的影响。结果表明:化学修饰的超高交联吸附树脂对邻苯二甲酸的吸附性能最好,大孔吸附树脂的吸附性能较差。邻苯二甲酸浓度低于300mg/L时,吸附树脂对其均有较高的吸附去除率。树脂对邻苯二甲酸的吸附量随着温度的升高而降低,最佳的吸附温度为288K。实验浓度范围内,吸附树脂对邻苯二甲酸在300min内基本达到吸附平衡,颗粒内扩散过程是该吸附过程的主要控制步骤。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.