兰州在线同位素分离器的FEBIAD源研制

叙述了兰州近代物理研究所的在线同位素分离器FEBIAD源的设计原理、 结构、运行状况及离线和在线调试结果。离线测定Kr和Xe的总效率分别为3．1％和4．5％,^129Xe分辨本领达到360,离子源总离子束流小于10μA。在线测到截面为10^-28cm^2、寿命短至1s的反应产物,在线测出^104In总效率达到1.5%-2%,^104Ag和^104Gd达到1％。     

液态锂铅回路冷阱过滤芯捕集效率数值分析

液态锂铅纯化技术是聚变堆锂铅包层关键技术之一,冷阱是锂铅在线纯化的常用装置。鉴于冷阱过滤芯捕集杂质的效率难以在线测量,本文利用Fluent中离散相模型(DPM模型)对某些影响过滤芯捕集效率因素进行了数值模拟,得出了三种规格单层过滤芯周围的离散相浓度场分布及捕集效率。结果显示:在考虑杂质结晶析出速度的前提下,增大流体速度和降低过滤芯孔隙率可以提高过滤芯对杂质的捕集效率,且速度增大到一定数值之后,过滤芯对杂质捕集的效率增速减缓。相关结果可为冷阱过滤芯的的优化设计及液态金属流速的确定提供理论依据与参考。     

用同位素反稀释法测定人血清中~(13)C-美沙西汀的含量

我们过去的工作表明,口服~(13)C-美沙西汀后,呼出气中~(13)CO_2的排出因肝功能障碍而延迟。这种延迟有两个可能的原因,一是肝细胞氧化美沙西汀的能力降低,二是肝功能障碍导致的肠吸收美沙西汀变慢。为此,用GC-MS技术以同位素反稀释法测定了口服~(13)C-美沙西汀15分钟后,血清中该标记物的浓度。测定结果。肝硬化患者血清~(13)C-美沙西汀含量显著高于正常人。证明肠吸收不良对~(13)C-美沙西汀呼气试验的结果无明显干扰,~(13)CO_2的排出延缓主要反映肝功能障碍。此外,血清含量的测定本身也有反映肝功能障碍的作用。     

糖尿病大鼠组织中微量元素的仪器中子活化分析

使用链脲佐菌素诱导出大鼠的Ｉ型糖尿病（ＩＤＤＭ）模型,以正常大鼠作对照。用仪器中子活化分析法测定了大鼠的肝、肾和胰腺组织中Ａｓ、Ｂｒ、Ｃａ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｌ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｈｇ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎａ、Ｒｂ、Ｓ、Ｓｅ和Ｚｎ等元素的含量。结果表明,ＩＤＤＭ大鼠模型的这３种组织中的一些微量元素含量发生了明显改变。并对这些元素含量发生变化的原因和意义作了讨论。     

人体肝脏微量元素的亚细胞分布

将超离心分离技术与中子活化分析法相结合,分析测定了正常人肝亚细胞组分中的微量元素。介绍了样品的采集制备、微量元素的实验测定,使用标准参考物质NBS-1577a,IAEA-H8校对了方法的可靠性。报道了人肝5种亚细胞组分(核、线粒体、溶酶体、微粒体、胞液)中8种微量元素的含量,并对其分布进行了初步研究。     

Wilson‘s病人和正常人发,粪便中微量元素的中子活化分析

用ＮＡＡ方法测定人发和粪便样品中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ和Ｍｇ等六种微量元素，分析比较了病人和正常人样品中微量元素含量的差异。并对病人治疗前后微量元素的变化进行了探讨。     

用PIXE和自身对照方式研究肿瘤中痕量元素的变化

用质子X荧光分析法(PIXE)分析了15只小白鼠的S180纤维肉瘤和正常组织中15种元素含量,采用自身对照形式研究痕量元素变化,以消除生物个体的差异。另取健康小鼠作空白,数据作统计分析,结果发现Fe、Zn、As和Cu/Zn以及多种元素比值有明显的差异,并讨论了这些元素与肿瘤的关系。     

乳腺肿瘤组织中的微量元素分析

用同步辐射X射线荧光(SR-XRF)技术分析了正常乳腺组织、良性乳腺肿瘤组织和乳腺癌组织中微量元素的种类、相对含量等.根据SR-XRF的结果,在这三种组织中微量元素的种类是相同的,但相对含量是不相同的,特别是正常组织和肿瘤组织中的Ca、Fe和Zn的差异相当明显.肿瘤组织中S、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Se的相对含量与正常组织中含量具有正相关性,即肿瘤组织的含量相对于正常组织是增加的,而K和Ca则是负相关性.P在正常乳腺组织和良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的含量基本不变,但在癌变组织中略有下降.恶性肿瘤中的Fe和Zn是正相关性,而在良性肿瘤中则是负相关性.可见:正常、良性和癌变的乳腺组织中微量元素的相对含量是不同的,可以为乳腺癌的诊断提供有用信息.     

Development of a sequential data correction method for isotope ratio analysis by resonance ionization mass spectrometry

A sequential data correction method using several experimental parameters of pulsed resonance ionization mass spectrometry was developed to reduce mass discrimination effects for isotope ratio analysis as well as fluctuations in the ion count rate. This correction method was applied to isotope ratio determination of stable titanium isotopes using a two-step, single color ionization scheme. A significant improvement of the precision of the measured isotopic ratio of stable titanium isotopes was demonstrated after correction with a parameter set consisting of laser power, atmospheric pressure, and laser frequency.     

Method and portable facility for measurement of trace element concentration in prostate fluid samples using radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis

A facility and method for109 Cd radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent(EDXRF) were developed to determine the Fe,Zn,Br,Rb,and Sr concentrations in the specimens of human prostatic fluid.Specimens of expressed prostatic fluid were obtained from 51 men(mean age 51 years,range 18–82 years) with apparently normal prostates using standard rectal massage procedure.Mean values(M ± SEL) for concentration of trace elements(mg L~(-1)) in human prostate fluid were:Fe 9.04 ±1.21,Zn 573 ± 35,Br 3.58 ± 0.59,Rb 1.10 ± 0.08,and Sr B 0.76.It was shown that the results of trace element analysis in the micro-samples(20 l L) are sufficiently representative for assessment of the Fe,Zn,Br,and Rb concentration in the prostate fluid.The facility for109 Cd radionuclide-induced EDXRF is comparatively compact and can be located in close proximity to the site of carrying out the massage procedure.The means of Zn and Rb concentration obtained for prostate fluid agree well with median of reported means.For the first time,the Fe and Br concentrations,as well as the upper limit of the Sr concentration,were determined in the human prostate fluid.     

用PIXE技术分析山东省胃癌高,低发区饮水中的微量元素

介绍了用ＰＩＸＥ技术分析饮水中微量元素的方法，给出了山东省胃癌高发区栖霞县与低发区苍山县饮水中的微量元素谱。两地饮水中微量元素含量的检验显示，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ和Ｆｒ等５种元素栖霞均显著高于苍山县。     

Micro－PIXE analysis of trace element composition and their distribution in minerals of mantle peridotite

Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＰＩＸＥａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎ　ｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｏｆｍａｎｔｌｅｐｅｒｉｄｏｔｉｔｅＣｈｅｎＹｏｕ－Ｈｏｎｇ（陈友红），ＺｈｕＪｉｅ－Ｑｉｎｇ（朱节清...     

应用中子活化分析技术测定人脑肿瘤亚细胞组分中的微量元素

采用密度梯度离心分离技术结合仪器中子活化分析技术,分析测定了人脑(正常和肿瘤)亚细胞组分中11种微量元素的浓度,并对其分布进行了讨论。     

中子活化法测定肿瘤小鼠脏器中的元素含量

用仪器中子活化法在微型反应堆上对小鼠的毛、脑、心肝、肾、肺、肌肉、肿瘤等８种组织中Ｂｒ、Ｃａ、Ｃｌ、Ｃｕ、Ｉ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎａ、Ｓ和Ｖ等１１种元素进行了测定。其中铜的分析利用６５Ｃｕ（ｎ，γ）６６Ｃｕ反应，通过测定６６Ｃｕ的１０３９．６ｋｅＶγ射线强度进行定量。方法可靠性用ＮＢＳ－１５７７（牛肝）、ＩＡＥＡ－Ｈ４（肌肉）、虾粉等标准物质核对，测定值与推荐值相一致。     

Measurement of trace element content in bone samples using long-lived neutron activation products and high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry

A nondestructive instrumental neutron activation analysis with high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry of long-lived radionuclides was developed and used for measurement of trace element contents in samples of bone to determine health and diseases. Using this method, the silver(Ag), cobalt(Co), chromium(Cr), iron(Fe), mercury(Hg), rubidium(Rb), antimony(Sb), selenium(Se), and zinc(Zn) mass fractions were estimated in bone samples from 27 patients with intact bone(12 females and 15 males, aged from 16 to 49 years) who had died from various non-bone-related causes, mainly unexpected traumas,and from 5 patients with chondroma(2 females and 3males, 15–42 years old), obtained from open biopsies or after operation. The reliability of the differences in the results between intact bone and bone affected by chondroma was evaluated by a parametric Student's t test and a nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. It was found that in the bone affected by chondroma, the mean mass fractions of Co, Cr, Fe, Se, Sb, and Zn were significantly higher than in normal bone tissues. In the neoplastic bone, many correlations between trace elements found in the control group were no longer evident. This work revealed that there is asignificant disturbance of the trace element metabolism in bone affected by chondroma.     

贮氢金属中氢同位素的离子束分析方法评估

文章介绍用离子束方法分析贮氢金属中氢同位素含量与分布的实验条件与设计，并分析各自的优、缺点。通过实验测量与分析表明，用离子束分析方法可获得氢同位素含量与分布的丰富信息和精确数值。用6.0MeV的O离子束进行ERD分析的优点是截面为卢瑟福截面，所用的Mylar膜薄，能使H、D、T明显分开，测量精确，缺点则是对样品制备要求高，分析深度小；用7.4MeV的⁴He离子束进行ERD分析能得到H、D、T的分布信息，对Ti的分析深度可达到3.0μm，缺点则是三者的谱图相互重叠，模拟解谱的误差较大；用3.0MeV的质子进行PBS分析，只能获得D、T的分布信息，但分析深度更深。      

Pigment analysis of a color-leaf mutant in Wandering Jew （Tradescantiafluminensis） irradiated by carbon ions

Many mutants of plant induced by heavy ion beam irradiation have been reported in recent years,but leaf anthocyan mutants induced by ion irradiation in evergreen were rarely found.In this study,a color-leaf mutant with purple leaves,stems and petals was isolated from clones of Wandering Jew irradiated by 95.8 MeV/u carbon ion beam.The concentration and histological distribution of leaf pigment were surveyed in wild type and mutant.In mutant,contents of total chlorophylls (Chl),chlorophyll a (Chl a),chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (Car) decreased significantly,while concentration of the anthocyanins was 6.2-fold higher than that of wild type.Further composition analysis of anthocyanins by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicated that the purple pigmentation of leaves in mutant was caused by accumulation of petunidin anthocyanin.Microscopic examination showed that most petunidin anthocyanin accumulated in the lower epidermis,and little in vascular parenchyma of mutant,while there was no pigment in wild type.Meanwhile,in spongy parenchyma of mutant we observed little Chl,which the wild type abounds in.In conclusion,the color-leaf mutant of Wandering Jew induced by irradiation of carbon ions was improved in ornamental value,and it could be contribute to variation in level,component and distribution of foliar pigment.The possible mutation mechanisms were discussed.