主轴回转误差测量技术研究现状

主轴回转误差是超精密领域的一个重要参数,准确测量主轴回转误差,对控制主轴运动、提高加工精度而言具有重要意义.介绍了主轴回转误差测量技术的研究现状.现有的主轴回转误差测量技术可以分为探针法、光学法、刻痕法,对探针法中常用的反转法、多点法、多步法进行了原理论述与误差分析.     

液体静压主轴的回转精度规律及其极限预测

液体静压主轴是精密、超精密机床的核心功能部件,对机床的加工效率、加工精度和加工表面质量具有直接而重要的影响.回转精度是液体静压主轴的关键性能,目前学术界和工程界对回转精度的各种评价指标之间的内在联系尚缺乏统一认识,对回转精度的机理和形成规律尚缺乏深入研究.系统分析了回转精度各种评价指标和测试方法之间的内在联系,明确了不同误差成分的来源和成因;针对现有回转精度评价方法的局限性,提出了"最小峰峰值+同步误差+异步误差"的综合评价方法.系统比较了不同节流方式对液体静压轴承刚度的影响规律,提出了采用可控节流实现高回转精度的方法.建立了可控节流液体静压主轴的流固热耦合模型,实现了轴心运动轨迹形成过渡过程的精确定量仿真,揭示了供油压力、供油压力波动、动不平衡量和轴颈圆度误差对回转精度的影响规律.最后对液体静压主轴可能达到的回转精度极限进行了预测.     

数控车床主轴热变形检测及回转精度评定

针对主轴回转热误差包含的多种误差分量,采用双向正交法测量了不同转速温度场下数控车床主轴热变形所引起的回转误差。以复向量描述主轴回转精度理论为基础,利用FFT误差分离方法,从传感器测得的信号中分离并去除检棒的安装偏心及热变形导致的回转中心的偏移量,从而得到精确的主轴回转热误差信息,进而评定数控机床主轴热变形对加工精度的影响。     

金属切削机床主轴运动误差影响的数学分析

在研究金属切削机床加工误差的基础上,针对机床主轴回转运动误差中的径向跳动误差、角度摆动误差和轴向窜动误差,以车床和镗床主轴为例,建立了主轴回转运动误差数学分析模型,从数学几何角度分别对上述主轴回运动城的加工精度影响结果进行了定量分析,并推导出了由此产生的各类加工几何误差不同的数学表达式。通过这些数学表达式可以定量地计算出机床主轴由于回转运动误差产生的加工几何误差数值。     

对主轴回转精度测量和研究中的若干问题的看法

本文作者对主轴回转误差运动的测量和评定中的若干问题,包括主轴回转误差运动的基本概念和几何学,回转误差运动的频率特点及其对加工精度的影响,研究回转误差运动的目的和方法,误差运动的记录方式,圆图象记录中基圆半径和被测误差运动值之比的合理选择等问题,阐述了自己的看法,同时对如何提高主轴回转误差运动的测量精度和今后的研究方向,也作了简要的概述。     

影响数控车床主轴精度因素的研究

以TND360型数控车床为例,将数控车床主轴瞬时回转轴线位置变动分为三种独立形式:纯轴向窜动Δs,纯径向平移ΔC.和纯角度摆动Δγ,以此确定主轴回转精度的评定指标.并对影响主轴精度的几种主要因素(如尺寸误差、形状误差、位置误差等)进行深入的探讨,综合考虑尺寸误差、形状和位置误差的影响,合理确定数控车床主轴的误差范围,为界定数控机床的加工精度范围提供了一种新的途径.     

车床主轴回转精度测量系统的研制

车床作为制造业的基础设备,零件加工精度受到诸多因素制约,其中主轴回转误差是主要的影响因素之一.该车床主轴回转精度计算机测量系统由光电编码器、电涡流传感器、微机、变送器、数据采集卡及辅助工具构成.在测量车床主轴回转精度的同时,可获得与主轴角位置对应的径向跳动、端面跳动和角度摆动误差,使用数理统计法误差分离技术编制LabV...     

主轴回转误差运动及其对齿轮加工精度的影响

本文对主轴回转误差运动的分类及其数学描述进行了较详细的介绍。并采用圆矢量函数方法分析了主轴回转误差运动对齿轮加工精度的影响。     

对主轴回转精度测量和研究中的若干问题的看法

本文作者对主轴回转误差运动的测量和评定中的若干问题,包括主轴回转误差运动的基本概念和几何学,回转误差运动的颇率特点及其对加工精度的影响,研究回转误差运动的目的和方法,误差运动的记录方式,圆图象记录中基圆半径和被测误差运动值之比的合理选择等问题,阐述了自己的看法,同时对如何提高主轴回转误差运动的测量精度和今后的研究方向,也作了简要的概述。     

切削工况下机床主轴回转精度动态预测方法

回转精度是衡量主轴加工性能的重要指标。现有的回转精度测量方法通常借助标准球并在空转条件下进行,无法计入切削载荷等负载带来的影响,难以反映主轴在切削状态下的真实精度。针对该问题,提出一种基于动力学模型的主轴回转精度动态预测方法。首先建立高保真的高速主轴-轴承系统动力学模型,并将切削力等激励载荷作为输入边界条件。然后利用测力仪测量、修正切削力,并将其输入动力学模型,实现主轴振动响应和径向回转误差的动态预测。设计并制作一套主轴回转误差在线测量装置,对回转精度预测结果进行试验验证。将不同切削工况下的仿真与试验结果进行对比分析,结果表明提出的方法能够准确预测主轴回转精度的变化规律,可以为主轴加工性能评估提供依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.