首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
采用套算法进行消化代谢试验研究构树叶的营养价值.结果表明:构树叶的总能、总能表观消化率和表观消化能分别为15.99 MJ/kg、68.10%和10.54 MJ/kg;粗蛋白质含量、表观消化率和可消化粗蛋白质分别为22.97%、76.5%和17.41%;粗脂肪含量、表观消化率和可消化粗脂肪分别为3.20%、30.13%和0.93%;粗纤维含量、表观消化率和可消化粗纤维分别为9.07%、32.61%和2.91%;无氮浸出物含量、表现消化率和可消化无氮浸出物分别为42.24%、83.22%和35.23%.氮沉积率和蛋白质生物学价值分别为61.72%和70.31%.  相似文献   

2.
研究新麦0208品种小麦和良星66品种小麦对生长獭兔的表观消化能和营养物质表观消化率的影响。结果表明:生长獭兔对新麦0208品种小麦和良星66品种小麦的表观消化能分别为13.48和13.47 MJ/kg,生长獭兔对新麦0208品种小麦和良星66品种小麦中的总能、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、无氮浸出物的表观消化率分别为80.81%、85.79%、83.59%、20.54%、37.59%、26.61%、80.90%、60.51%、51.08%、22.54%、88.73%和79.84%、82.29%、83.02%、20.77%、35.29%、25.06%、82.08%、58.11%、51.19%、21.61%、81.86%。新麦0208品种小麦和良星66品种小麦较接近于常见能量饲料玉米在家兔上的营养价值,可以替代适量玉米;新麦0208品种小麦对生长獭兔的营养价值要略优于良星66品种小麦。  相似文献   

3.
NSP酶对大麦体外消化的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
大麦体外消化试验结果揭示,添加NSP酶(GXC)使大麦中干物质、粗蛋白、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、粗脂肪和粗纤维的消化率分别提高了18.13%、20.27%、15.99%、16.42%、和26.93%和30.02%;大麦中各种氨基酸体外消化率显著提高,幅度为11.83%-61.39%;添加NSP酶使大麦胚乳细胞壁在体外完全降解;消化过滤液中葡萄糖和总氨基酸含量分别提高了17.58%和10.26%;而粘度降低了4.51%。  相似文献   

4.
采用全收粪(尿)法,进行消化代谢试验,研究生长猪饲粮中分别或同时添加半胱胺和酵母铬对饲粮养分的消化利用率影响。结果表明:生长猪饲粮中分别或同时添加半胱胺和酵母铬在一定程度上改善了饲粮干物质、无氮浸出物、粗蛋白质、总能、粗脂肪、粗纤维、钙和总磷等养分的表观消化吸收率,提高了氮的沉积率和表观生物学价值(P>0.05);酵母铬和半胱胺二者具有一定的协同作用。  相似文献   

5.
采用替代法比较了过20、40、60目筛高粱猪消化能及粗蛋白质、氨基酸与粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维的消化率,利用SDS-II单胃动物仿生消化系统进行不同粒径高粱干物质消化率及脱脂后的干物质消化率测定的比较研究。结果表明,以干物质基础计,过20、40及60目筛的高粱总能分别为15.61、15.79、15.73MJ/kg,消化能值分别为12.62、14.17、14.19 MJ/kg;试验中高粱粉碎粒径从过20目降低到过40目和60目筛,消化能表现为显著增加,过40目和60目筛的高粱比过20目高粱消化能分别提高了12.29%和12.42%。在消化率方面,粗蛋白质消化率、15种氨基酸的消化率、体外仿生消化系统干物质消化率及脱脂后干物质消化率表现为过20目数值﹤过40目数值﹤过60目筛数值;而粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维消化率为过40目筛高粱数值最大,过60目筛次之,过20目筛为最低,说明从纤维的利用率方面考虑,过高或过低高粱粉碎粒径,不利于猪对纤维的消化吸收利用率。因此,结合不同粒径高粱的猪消化能值、粗蛋白质、粗纤维的消化率以及利用单胃动物仿生消化系统测定的干物质消化率和脱脂后的消化率数值,推荐猪饲料中高粱粉碎粒度以过40目筛为宜。  相似文献   

6.
分别研究了鸡对两种黑麦HH91和Pluto的消化性。实验结果表明:饲喂分别添加两种黑麦日粮实验鸡的日增重有减少的趋势,增重变化率和对照组比较分别是27.41%(15%HH91)、28.96%(30%HH91)、34.75%(45%HH91)、20.85%(15%Pluto)、28.19%(30%Pluto)和42.09%(45%Pluto)。而添加了黑麦的日粮干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、总能的表观消化率与正常对照组相比没有明显的差异(p>0.05),但粗脂肪和粗纤维的表观消化率有明显减少的趋势(p<0.05)。其次,在两种黑麦添加量低于30%时,除粗纤维的表观消化率之外,其余营养成分的表观消化率与正常对照组几乎没有差别(p>0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
湖北早籼稻糙米营养物质可利用率的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用鸡真代谢能法(TME)[1,2]和猪代谢试验,以玉米为对照,在代谢水平上,研究湖北早籼稻糙米的蛋白质、17种氨基酸、无氮浸出物、粗脂肪和能量的可利用性。TME法研究结果,糙米和玉米的干物质、粗蛋白、17种氨基酸、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物及能量的真利用率依次分别为94.38%和81.98%,50.93%和50.51%,77.19%和77.69%,94.12%和83.79%,96.94%和95.14%,81.88%和80.61%,真代谢为13.70MJ·kg-1和13.50MJkg-1。猪代谢试验研究结果,糙米和玉米上述指标的表观代谢率依次分别为93.08%和80.65%,65.03%和59.89%,76.99%和71.55%,90.58%和74.60%,96.73%和87.26%,80.93%和79.25%,表观代谢能为13.56MJ·kg-1和13.27MJ·kg-1。以上结果除干物质和粗脂肪的可利用率差异显著(P<0.05)外,其余均较接近。研究表明糙米的营养物质可利用特性与玉米的相当,或略显优势。其结果为糙米代替玉米作为优质的能量饲料提供了科学根据。  相似文献   

8.
为研究不同品种肉兔对不同粗纤维水平饲粮养分消化率的影响,试验选择四川白兔、齐兴肉兔和新西兰白兔各12只,每个品种随机分成2组,每组6只(公母各半),分别饲喂含低粗纤维水平(12%)和高粗纤维水平(16%)的饲粮,采用全收粪法测定饲粮养分消化率。结果表明,四川白兔、齐兴肉兔和新西兰白兔对低粗纤维组饲粮(12%)粗纤维消化率存在显著差异(P0.05),四川白兔和齐兴兔消化率显著高于新西兰兔,3个品种对干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物和粗灰分的消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。四川白兔、齐兴肉兔和新西兰白兔对高粗纤维组(16%)饲粮干物质、粗蛋白质、无氮浸出物和粗纤维消化率存在显著差异(P0.05),四川白兔和齐兴兔消化率显著高于新西兰,3个品种对粗脂肪和粗灰分的消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,品种对不同水平粗纤维饲粮养分消化率存在显著差异,特别是高粗纤维饲粮,其中四川白兔和齐兴兔对高粗纤维饲粮有较高的消化率,耐粗饲性较好,而新西兰兔对高粗纤维饲粮的消化率较差,耐粗饲性较差。  相似文献   

9.
不同菌种来源的NSP酶体外作用效果的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
小麦体外消化结果显示,Ⅰ组小麦中干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗纤维的体外消化率分别提高了6.1%(P<0.01)、15.96%(P<0.01)、11.67%(P<0.05)和19.29%(P<0.05);体外消化滤液粘度降低了4.90%(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组小麦中干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗纤维的体外消化率分别提高了11.1%(P<0.01)、15.47%(P<0.01)、14.70%(P<0.01)和21.70%(P<0.05);体外消化滤液粘度降低了3.95%(P>0.05)。Ⅲ组小麦中干物质、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗纤维的体外消化率分别提高了8.08%(P<0.05)、6.72%(P<0.05)、10.66%(P<0.01)和17.06%(P<0.05);粘度降低了2.49%(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
通过动物实验测定不同处理的复合油菜籽代谢能和营养物质的消化利用率,评定其对蛋鸡的营养价值。实验材料为破碎复合油菜籽、熟化复合油菜籽和膨化复合油菜籽。1)真代谢能法(TME)测定油菜籽代谢能与营养物质利用率:将64只30周龄、体重(3. 00±0.03) kg的海兰褐种公鸡,随机分为4组,分别强饲破碎复合油菜籽、熟化复合油菜籽、膨化复合油菜籽或绝食。2)氨基酸回肠消化率的测定:将48只25周龄、体重(2. 50±0. 02) kg的海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成3组,分别饲喂纯合无氮饲粮、破碎复合油菜籽半纯合饲粮、膨化复合油菜籽半纯合饲粮。实验结果表明:1) TME法测定结果:熟化复合油菜籽和膨化复合油菜籽的TME值分别为14. 41、14. 59 MJ/kg;与破碎复合油菜籽相比,膨化复合油菜籽的粗脂肪和粗蛋白质表观利用率分别提高21. 79%和25. 22%(P 0. 01);除甘氨酸、组氨酸外,膨化复合油菜籽的氨基酸全肠道表观利用率和真利用率高于破碎复合油菜籽(P 0. 01)和熟化复合油菜籽(P 0. 05);熟化复合油菜籽大部分氨基酸全肠道利用率高于破碎复合油菜籽(P 0. 05)。2)氨基酸回肠消化率:与破碎复合油菜籽相比,膨化油菜籽的各氨基酸回肠表观消化率和回肠标准消化率得到了极显著的提高(P 0. 01),除了组氨酸外,膨化复合油菜籽各氨基酸回肠表观消化率、氨基酸回肠标准消化率都大于83%。复合油菜籽经加热处理尤其是135℃膨化后表观代谢能、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、氨基酸利用率得到大幅度提高。  相似文献   

11.
Metabolism studies were carried out with 45 kg pigs to examine barley meal from the varieties Golden Promise, Maris Mink, Lami, Zephyr and Abacus, all with similar nitrogen (N) content, and barley meal from the variety Zephyr which had received four different levels of N fertilisation. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between varieties for the apparent digestibility coefficients of gross energy (GE) and proximate constituents, the least significant difference for GE and N being 0.025 and 0.089 of the respective means. The mean digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME) values were 14.48 and 14.07 MJ/kg dry matter (DM). The mean apparent digestibility of N was 0.685. The apparent digestibility coefficients of GE and N of meal from the variety Zephyr increased with N content. The increase in DE value with N content could be attributed to the increase in N digestibility.  相似文献   

12.
Deoiled herring silage contained an average of 17.6% dry matter (DM) and per 100 g DM: 1.86 MJ GE, 12.1 g N, 5.5 g available lysine and 3.7 g oil. The apparent digestibility coefficients for growing pigs of gross energy (GE) and nitrogen (N) for a diet containing 25% herring silage DM and 75% barley meal DM were 0.83 and 0.91, and the efficiency of retention for digested N was 0.42. The digestible energy (DE) value for the deoiled herring silage was 17.9 MJ DE/kg DM and the digestible nitrogen (DN) value was 119 g DN/kg DM.  相似文献   

13.
The composition of the leaves of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and of two trees (Trichanthera gigantea and mulberry, Morus alba), their nutritive value in pigs and voluntary intake by pigs were determined. The average protein content ranged from 170 to 240 g kg?1 dry matter (DM) and that of neutral detergent fibres from 218 to 398 g kg?1 DM. The leaves are interesting sources of calcium (up to 69 g kg?1 DM), potassium, iron and manganese. The proteins are well balanced in essential amino acids, with lysine ranging from 43 to 57 g kg?1 proteins. The apparent faecal digestibility was determined by difference in 35 kg pigs fed a diet containing 35% leaf meal. The digestibility coefficients of DM, N and energy were, respectively, 47–57, 33–36 and 51–53%. The digestible energy value ranged from 1.674 to 2.037 kcal kg?1 DM. The voluntary intake of Trichanthera and Xanthosoma was measured in sows weighing 100 kg on average. The intake reached 3.4 kg fresh leaves day?1 (0.51 kg DM) and 1.0–1.1 kg dry leaf meal/day. It is concluded that low energy density is the main limiting factor of tree foliage for pig nutrition but that they are good sources of minerals and well‐balanced proteins. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

14.
Digestibility trials were undertaken with pigs weighing 40 kg to determine the nutritive value of cooked potato flour, dried potato dice and raw potato mash. Apparent digestibility coefficients were, respectively, 0.96, 0.95 and 0.92 for energy and 0.89, 0.80 and 0.69 for nitrogen (N). The digestible energy values were 16.5, 16.3 and 15.7 MJ/kg d.m., and the contents of digestible N were 1.35, 1.05 and 1.02 g N/100 g d.m. When fed with balancer meals based on either maize or oat husk meal, the raw potato caused an apparent depression in the digestibility of N in the diet as a whole, and a reduction in the efficiency of utilisation of digested N. The findings are discussed in relation to the ability of the pigs to digest raw potato starch and the possibility of a component of raw potato, rendered ineffective by cooking but only partly so by drying, interfering with N digestibility and utilisation.  相似文献   

15.
Seventy‐two entire male pigs (40.4 ± 1.0 kg) were used to study the effects of increasing crude fibre (CF) level in the diet and maintaining the digestible energy (DE) content of the diet by increasing dietary fat inclusion on pig performance and nutrient digestibility in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. Productive performance and nutrient digestibility were determined in individually fed pigs offered expander‐processed pelleted diets ad libitum containing three levels of CF (50, 60 and 70 g kg?1) and two levels of fat supplementation (25 and 50 g kg?1) until slaughter at 100 kg. All diets were expander processed at 105 °C for 5 s at 35 bar pressure having been previously conditioned at 85 °C for 5 s. All diets were formulated to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (13.5 MJ kg?1) and lysine (10 g kg?1) and the fat source was a 60:40 blend of tallow and palm oil. The increase in dietary CF level decreased (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude protein, organic matter (OM) and energy, while the inclusion of 50 g kg?1 fat decreased (P < 0.01) OM and energy digestibility. The inclusion of 50 g kg?1 fat in the diet increased (P < 0.01) ether extract digestibility at the 50 and 60 g kg?1 CF levels; however, fat inclusion had no effect at the 70 g kg?1 CF level. There was no CF × fat interaction in any growth criteria. The inclusion of 50 g kg?1 fat in the diet significantly reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake (2.28 versus 2.43 kg day?1, SEM 0.039), average daily gain (ADG; 0.877 versus 0.927 kg day?1, SEM 0.017) and DE conversion ratio (36.1 versus 35.0 MJ kg?1, SEM 0.40). The increase in dietary CF level decreased (linear, P < 0.05) feed intake (2.45 versus 2.32 versus 2.29 kg day?1, SEM 0.040), ADG (0.940 versus 0.896 versus 0.872 kg day?1, SEM 0.021) and kill‐out proportion (740 versus 741 versus 730 g kg?1, SEM 3.6). In conclusion, increasing both the CF level and supplementary fat inclusion rate had a negative effect on pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating rice straw and orange leaves into the diets for goats. Ten Murciano-Granadina goats at mid lactation weighing 45 ± 0.3 kg were used in a crossover design. Two isoproteic and isoenergetic diets (180 g/kg DM and 17 MJ/kg DM, respectively) with alfalfa hay as forage source (33% of DM) were fed. A control diet (CON) incorporated barley as energy source and soy hulls as fiber component. The experimental diet (ORG) replaced barley and soy hulls with orange leaves (19% on DM basis), rice straw (12%, on DM basis) and soya oil (2%). Peas and horsebeans were the protein source in both diets. Each goat received the 2 treatments in 2 periods. Goats were fed the experimental diets and after 14 d on their respective treatments moved to individual metabolism cages for another 7 d. Subsequently, feed intake, total fecal and urine output and milk yield were recorded daily over the first 5 d. During the next 2 d ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected, and then individual gas-exchange measurements were recorded by a mobile open-circuit indirect calorimetry system using a head box. No differences in dry matter intake were detected, and apparent total-tract digestibility was greater in CON than ORG. Efficiency of metabolizable energy intake for milk and maintenance also was lower in response to ORG (0.65 vs. 0.63), with energy balance being negative (?12 kJ/kg of BW0.75) due to mobilization of fat (?16 g/animal vs. 68 g/animal for ORG and CON, respectively). Although actual milk yield was lower in goats fed ORG (2.32 vs. 2.06 kg/d, respectively), energy-corrected milk did not differ (2.81 kg/d on average). In terms of milk quality, milk fat content, and concentrations of monounsaturated (18.54 vs. 11.55 g/100 g milk fat) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (5.75 vs. 3.99 g/100 g milk fat) were greater in goats fed ORG. Based on various indices, the milk produced by ORG would be less atherogenic and thrombogenic than CON milk. Compared with CON, enteric CH4 emission was lower due to feeding ORG (reduction of 38 g CH4/kg milk fat). Data suggest that greater fat mobilization in goats fed ORG might have been due to the apparent lack of synchrony between degradable protein and carbohydrate and the lipogenic nutrients associated with the lower cereal content of the ORG diet. Thus, goats fed ORG seemed to rely more on fat depots to help meet energy requirements and reach optimal performance. As such, the lower content of glucogenic nutrients in ORG did not favor body fat deposition and partitioning of ME into body tissue. Overall, responses in terms of CH4 emissions and milk quality suggest that inclusion of rice straw and orange leaves in diets for small ruminants could be a valuable alternative to reuse, recycle and revalue agricultural by-products.  相似文献   

17.
Six barrows, average initial weight 35 kg, fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were used to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids (AA) and the digestibility of energy in six diets according to a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The pigs were fed six corn starch-based diets formulated to contain 165 g CP per kg from six different white-flowered spring pea cultivars. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. The pigs were fed twice daily, at 08:00 and 20:00 h. Each experimental period lasted 9 days. Faeces were collected from 08:00 on day 6 to 08:00 h on day 8; ileal digesta from 08:00 on day 7 to 08:00 h on day 9. Of the indispensable (+semi-) AA, there were differences (P≤0.05) in the AA digestibilities of arginine, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine between the cultivars. In the same order for these AA, the digestibilities ranged from 81.3 to 89.0%, 67.8 to 75.1%, 68.0 to 74.6% and 66.1 to 74.8%, respectively. Within each cultivar, the digestibilities of cysteine and threonine were relatively low, ranging from 58.5 to 65.9% and from 59.6 to 67.4%, respectively. The digestibility of lysine was relatively high, ranging from 80.3 to 84.0%. The energy digestibilities in the pea cultivars ranged from 87.4 to 90.2% (P≤0.05); the digestible energy content from 14.0 to 14.4 MJ kg-1 DM. There was considerable disappearance of energy in the large intestine, ranging from 4.4 to 6.2 MJ kg-1 DM intake from peas. In conclusion, when measured with the ileal analysis method, there were differences (P≤0.05) in the digestibilities of some of the indispensable AA between the pea samples. Furthermore, the relatively low digestibilities of methionine and cysteine further accentuate the limitation of the sulphur-containing AA in protein from peas.  相似文献   

18.
Colostomised hens were given diets containing various levels of n-paraffin-grown yeast in balance experiments to investigate the relationship between protein and amino-acid intake and digestibility. The yeast was included at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 100% as the sole protein source in semi-synthetic diets. The digestibilities of the lipid, carbohydrate and RNA, and the digestible and metabolisable energy values of yeast were determined. Level of intake significantly affected the true digestibility of the protein and amino acids of the yeast; the faecal nitrogen and amino-acid outputs per 100 units of protein tended to be lower at low levels of intake. However, for practical purposes the effect was considered to be small enough to be ignored in the calculation of the digestibility coefficients. The mean true digestibility of the yeast protein was 90.7% and the true digestibilities of the amino acids, with the exception of cystine and tryptophan, were within the range 90 to 96%. Yeast lipid was 73% digestible. The yeast contained 7.2% mannose and 15.8% glucose; these were 71 and 81% digestible, respectively. The mean digestible energy (d.e.) value of the yeast was 3863 kcal/kg. The classical and nitrogen-corrected metabolisable energy values of the yeast were 3045 ± 88 and 2716 ± 43 kcal/kg, respectively.  相似文献   

19.
《Journal of dairy science》2023,106(4):2395-2407
The form of a lipid supplement, its degree of saturation, and its fatty acid (FA) profile greatly influence digestibility and cow productive response. The objective in this study was to examine the effect of fat supplements that differ in their form or FA profile on nutrient digestibility and cow performance. Forty-two mid-lactation cows (128 ± 53 d) were assigned to 3 treatment groups according to milk yield, days in milk, and body weight. For 13 wk, the cows were fed rations that contained (on a dry matter basis) (1) 2.4% of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) consisting of 45% palmitic acid (PA) and 35% oleic acid (OA; CS45:35); (2) 2.4% of CSFA consisting of 80% PA and 10% OA (CS80:10); or (3) 2.0% of free FA consisting of 80% PA and 10% OA (FF80:10). Rumen samples were taken to measure the ammonia and volatile FA concentrations, and fecal samples were taken to measure the digestibility. Preplanned comparisons were CS45:35 versus CS80:10 to assess 2 CSFA supplements with different FA profiles, and CS80:10 versus FF80:10 to assess similar FA profiles in different forms. Compared with CS45:35, CS80:10 decreased the milk yields, increased the fat percentage, and tended to increase the energy-corrected milk (ECM) yields. The fat percentage of milk was highest in the FF80:10 cows (4.02%), intermediate in the CS80:10 cows (3.89%), and lowest in the CS45:35 cows (3.75%). Compared with CS80:10, FF80:10 increased milk yields (50.1 vs. 49.4 kg/d, respectively), tended to increase fat percentage, and increased 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM; 49.1 vs. 47.7 kg/d, respectively) and ECM yields (49.5 vs. 48.2 kg/d, respectively). Treatment had no effect on dry matter intake (DMI), and compared with CS80:10 cows, the calculated energy balance was lower in the FF80:10 cows. The 4% FCM/DMI and ECM/DMI ratios were higher in the FF80:10 group compared with the CS80:10 group. Compared with the CS80:10 cows, the FF80:10 cows had a lower rumen pH, higher propionate, lower acetate/propionate ratio, and higher total VFA. Compared with CS45:35 cows, the apparent total-tract digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were higher in CS80:10 cows; whereas, the apparent total-tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher in the CS80:10 cows compared with the FF80:10 cows. Compared with the CS80:10 group, the apparent digestibility of total FA was 13.0 percentage points lower in the FF80:10 cows (79.1 vs. 66.1%, respectively), and similarly, the digestibilities of 16-carbon and 18-carbon FA were lower in the FF80:10 cows than in the CS80:10 cows. In conclusion, the form, more than the FA profile of fat supplements, influenced digestibility. Further, the CSFA supplements were more digestible than the free fatty acids, regardless of the FA profile. However, energy partitioning toward production appeared to be higher in the FF80:10 cows, although the digestibility of nutrients was lower than in the CSFA product with a similar FA profile.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号