移动机器人路径规划的参数模糊自适应窗口蚁群优化算法

针对蚁群算法存在的不足,提出一种改进蚁群优化算法——参数模糊自适应窗口蚁群优化算法.首先利用模糊控制优化α,β和ρ参数,同时为蚂蚁建立动态搜索窗口,在为每只蚂蚁建立近邻城市表时加入混沌信息,并据此进行初始信息素分布.另外,引入了城市节点活跃度的概念,并将其作为未来信息,用以指导蚂蚁进行解的构造和信息素更新.仿真结果表明,即使在复杂的环境下,所提出的算法仍能快速规划出安全的最优路径.     

基于改进蚁群算法的机器人路径规划算法

针对机器人路径规划中,传统蚁群算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优解等问题,提出了一种移动机器人路径规划的改进蚁群优化(ACO)算法。用栅格法建立环境模型,并基于人工势场建立启发信息素矩阵,降低了蚂蚁在初始阶段搜索的盲目性;引入激励函数,降低搜索过程中的死锁现象;改进信息素的更新机制,增强了优秀蚂蚁对全局路径规划的影响。仿真结果表明:改进后蚁群算法的机器人路径规划算法加快了收敛速度,具有较强的鲁棒性和全局寻优能力。     

自适应混沌蚁群算法的粮食应急路径优化研究

针对风险管理下的粮食应急路径优化问题,将"运输风险最小"和"运输时间最小"作为目标,建立相应的优化模型。利用"最大最小蚂蚁系统"进行求解,为避免过早陷入局部最优,提出自适应混沌蚁群优化算法。该算法利用有效解相似度来判断蚁群当前状态,根据情况对信息素进行全局更新和混沌扰动,可以有效地提高最优解的精度。实验表明该算法优于传统的演化算法,较好地解决了粮食应急运输路径优化问题。     

改进蚁群算法在机器人路径规划上的研究

基于蚁群算法在路径规划过程中出现收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优,且在复杂环境下的寻优能力弱等缺陷,提出了一种适用于机器人路径规划的改进蚁群算法.在预规划路径基础上建立初始信息素矩阵,避免算法前期盲目搜索,提高搜索速度;将改进蚁群算法和A*算法进行有机融合,进一步提高蚁群算法搜索方向性和收敛速度.制定信息素更新规则时引入拐点...     

改进蚁群算法在机器人路径规划中的应用

针对传统蚁群算法在移动机器人路径规划问题中存在的易陷入局部最优与收敛速度慢等问题,提出一种改进的蚁群算法。根据起点到终点距离和地图参数构建全局优选区域,提高该区域内初始信息素浓度,避免算法初期盲目搜素;利用局部分块优化策略分别对各个子区域进行寻优并更新区域内最优路径信息素,增强局部搜索能力,加快收敛速度;对全局路径进行寻优,更新全局最优路径信息素。在信息素更新公式中引入信息素增强因子,加强最优路径信息素含量,应用反向学习优化信息素,改进状态选择概率,提高算法寻优能力。实验结果表明,改进后的算法明显提高了收敛速度,同时寻优能力更强。     

改进的蚁群算法在动态路径诱导中的应用研究

针对基本蚁群算法收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最优的缺点,在对信息素和启发信息进行标准化以消除量纲和取值范围影响的基础上,提出带方向的信息素更新和混沌选择策略来改进蚁群算法。将路网节点间的相对位置信息引入信息素更新,以加快搜索速度;使用混沌扰动改进选择策略,以避免出现早熟停滞现象。并将其用于城市交通动态路径诱导的研究中,以重庆市渝中半岛的路网为实例计算以最短行程时间为目标的最优路径,结果表明该算法是有效、可行的,比基本蚁群算法具有更好的全局搜索能力。     

融合改进A*蚁群和滚动窗口法的平滑路径规划

针对蚁群算法应用于移动机器人路径规划时,出现的死锁、收敛慢、易陷入局部最优以及路径不平滑的问题,提出了一种融合改进A*蚁群算法与滚动窗口法的平滑路径规划方法.首先,用改进的A*算法初始化蚁群信息素,解决前期蚁群效率低的问题.然后,改进状态转移概率函数,在函数中考虑可行路径"活跃度"以及终点位置,避免死锁现象.同时,基于不平等原则机制更新蚁群的信息素,避免陷入局部最优路径,加快算法的收敛速度.其次,融合滚动窗口法,在全局路径规划的基础上,结合动态避障策略进行局部实时路径规划.最后,使用贝塞尔曲线对所规划出的路径进行平滑度处理,使平滑后的路径更加接近实际运动路径.为确保算法表现出最好的性能,利用带精英策略的遗传算法对该算法中的参数进行自主优化选择.三组实验结果表明,无论是简单还是复杂的静态或动态障碍物存在的环境中,该算法均有不错的效果.     

一类新型改进的广义蚁群优化算法

提出了一类新型蚁群优化算法.该算法改进了概率选择函数,将概率选择函数由严格单调增函数推广为有界函数,给出了蚂蚁在某一源节点选择下一个节点的更一般的表达式.证明了算法收敛的重要定理:即对足够大的迭代次数,改进的广义蚁群优化算法至少找到最优解一次的概率趋近于1.提出了信息素渐近平衡原理.在信息素更新规则中,引入了信息素残留率函数、信息素增量函数.证明了渐近信息素在最优路径上将会趋于一个正数,而在非最优路径上将会趋于0.最后,计算机仿真实验结果表明,无论是获得的最优解的质量还是算法的收敛速度,文中提出的改进的广义蚁群优化算法都优于传统的蚁群优化算法.     

基于改进的混沌蚁群算法的网络路由优化研究

在网络路由性能优化的研究中,针对蚁群算法易陷入早熟、停滞和寻优时间过长等缺点进行改进,给出了改进的混沌蚁群算法的网络路由优化方法。混沌运动具有随机性、遍历性和对初始条件的敏感性等特点,故可利用混沌初始化信息素来改善个体质量和混沌扰动来避免搜索陷入局部最优,同时由于蚁群算法中的信息素更新公式不能准确的区分解的优劣程度,故引入新的信息素更新公式,加强蚁群搜索时的正反馈性能,加速算法的收敛。仿真结果表明了改进算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于异构双种群全局视野蚁群算法的移动机器人路径规划研究

针对蚁群算法中存在的算法收敛速度慢、逼近最优解能力不足等问题,提出一种基于异构双种群全局视野的蚁群算法,并将其应用于移动机器人路径规划领域。首先,研究基于异构蚁群的并行结构,通过差异化种群的相互协作提高蚁群算法的收敛速度和规划最优路径的能力;然后,研究具有全局视野的自适应步长,解决蚁群算法因局部视野导致无法搜索到最优步长的问题;最后,研究信息素初始化以及信息素更新方式,改进传统蚁群算法运行初期搜索无序性以及信息素更新不合理等问题。实验结果表明,该算法在逼近最优解能力和提高收敛速度等方面较对比方法有着显著提高,在测试的几种仿真地图中,平均路径长度优化了12%,平均迭代次数和平均运行时间分别减少了67%和82%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.