岁月如歌——记中国科学院院士北京科技大学魏寿昆教授

魏寿昆,中国科学院资深院士。北京科技大学教授,九三学社中央顾问,著名的冶金学家、工程教育家,我国冶金物理化学的奠基人和中国金属学会创建人之一,1952年全国院系调整时任国家一级教授。他在冶金热力学理论及其应用中获得多项重大成果。他首次提出“转化温度”概念及运用活度理论,为红土矿脱铬、金川矿提镍、包头矿提铌、攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿提钒、华南铁矿脱砷、贫锰矿脱磷等多反应中金属的提取和分离工艺,奠定了理论基础;在国内率先开拓固体电池直接快速定氧技术。他从教70载,培养了大批冶金与冶金物理化学专业人才。     

国强之路·哲学情愫——访中国科学院院士,国际铸造学会前主席,全国铸造学会前理事长,西北工业大学、上海交通大学教授周尧和先生

周尧和先生简介:周尧和,男,1927年5月30日生于北京,原籍河北深县,中共党员,中国科学院院士,著名物理冶金及铸造专家。1937年进入天津耀华学校学习,1946年高中毕业后考入清华大学机械系,1950年毕业获工学学士学位。同年应聘到南开     

Methods for Calculating Energy Requirements for Processes in Which a Reactant Is Also a Fuel: Need for Standardization

When a process involves both endothermic chemical reactions and heat generation from the combustion of fuels, the choice of endothermic reactions to include in computing the “energy requirement” for the overall process is arbitrary and can be a source of confusion. It is shown that the essential question becomes whether the heat of combustion of a reactant, which can be used as a fuel, should be included in the energy requirement value. It is noted that the choice is a matter of convention, but it is important to clearly state what convention is followed in presenting the results of energy calculations. There is a need to select a standard approach because the presented value of “energy requirement” of a process depends on the choice. This problem is illustrated using the example of ironmaking by different processes including a novel flash ironmaking process under development at the University of Utah. The authors advocate using just the “process energy requirement” as the standard value of the energy requirement for a process in which a reactant is also a fuel.     

沸腾冷却床加水系统的自动控制

本设计采用比例-积分控制原理,简化系统数学模型,应用于振动沸腾冷却床的加水系统,实现加水系统的自动控制。     

矿泉水瓶吹塑模的数控加工

介绍了利用Pro／E软件编制矿泉水吹塑模具数控加工程序的过程。分析了吹塑模具的加工工艺，制定了合理的加工策略，并探讨了Pm／E软件提供的制造几何形状在数控加工编程中的应用。     

关于水厂加压站自控系统的程序设计

控制程序的设计是PLC应用系统的重要环节，特别在大型PLC应用系统中，其重要性就更为突出，本文结合笔者参加研制的国内某大型水厂加压站PLC监控系统，介绍控制程序的设计，对大型PLC的应用系统的程序设计方法进行探讨。     

水厂生产运行管理决策支持系统的开发

介绍了水厂生产管理决策支持系统的设计原理和方法，其中主要讲述了数据库和知识库的建立，并阐述了该系统的运行功能、管理和维护方法。     

Arc-intersect method for -axis tool paths on a 5-axis machine

An inherent problem with simultaneous 5-axis machining is that it often suffers from dramatic reductions in feed rate when the tool axis is in the vicinity of the singularity point of the machine; during large orientation changes over small distances; during rotary axes reversals and from interpolation of the tool axis vector. $3\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{2}$-axis machining offers an alternative strategy that can be used to overcome these problems and still maintain some of the salient features of 5-axis machining to improve machining times over 3-axis ballnose machining. In $3\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{2}$-axis machining, during cutting the machine moves only its three linear axes while the two rotary axes are locked, resulting in a fixed tool orientation. Locking the rotary axes generates fewer fluctuations in the feed rate than simultaneous 5-axis machining and results in a more consistent surface finish with lower variations in cutting force and torque. A new tool positioning strategy called the Arc-Intersect Method (AIM), which can also be applied to simultaneous 5-axis machining, is presented here for $3\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{2}$-axis machining on simultaneous 5-axis machines using toroidal or flat endmills. A cutting test was performed and the part was measured with a CMM to check for accuracy and to measure the cusp heights. Machining times were compared to 5- and 3-axis tool paths and cutting torque measurements were compared between $3\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{2}$- and 5-axis machining.     

新型水基铸钢涂料的研制和应用

对用正交实验确定的较佳配方的新型水基铸钢涂料的各种性能进行了研究，并进行了生产应用。表明：本涂料触变性好，能有效的防止铸钢件的粘砂；对环境无污染，且介格便宜。     

Effect of Water Vapor on the Oxidation Mechanisms of a Commercial Stainless Steel for Interconnect Application in High Temperature Water Vapor Electrolysis

High temperature water vapor electrolysis is one of the most promising methods for hydrogen production. The interconnect is a key component in the electrolyse technology. In a previous paper, the high temperature corrosion resistance and the electrical conductivity of a commercial ferritic stainless steel, K41X (AISI 441), were assessed in both anode (95 %O₂–5 %H₂O) and cathode atmospheres (10 %H₂–90 %H₂O). In cathode atmosphere, ageing tests performed up to 1,000 h revealed the formation of a duplex oxide scale: an inner layer consisting of protective chromia and an outer layer comprised of a magnetite-type iron oxide. In this study, we further investigated the oxidation mechanisms of K41X alloy in cathode atmosphere by means of marker experiments using an inert marker (Au) and isotopes. SEM-EDX and SIMS characterizations were combined in order to determine the oxide scale growth processes. The roles played by hydrogen and water vapor are discussed and a diffusion mechanism is postulated.