具有自标定功能的光纤光栅位移传感器

为了解决光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)位移传感器易受温度、振动等外界因素影响而导致测量重复性差的问题,本文利用磁铁非接触的力传递特性,以光纤光栅为核心元件,工字型梁、永磁体等为辅助元件研究了一种无接触的FBG位移自校准装置。利用移动端磁铁与位置标定端磁铁位置重合时,工字型梁所受磁力最大,进行位置信息的自校准,进而提高FBG位移传感器的测量重复性和测量精度。通过将自校准装置安装在卷尺结构的位移传感器上,对其传感特性展开实验研究,结果表明：在0～360 mm的测量范围内,校准前平均均方根误差为5.838 mm,校准后平均均方根误差为0.953 mm。本文采用自校准装置在很大程度上提高了FBG位移传感器的测量重复性,为位移传感器的环境适应性优化提供了一种新方法。     

等强度梁标定FBG传感器的误差分析与修正

针对应用等强度梁对光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感器进行应变标定时封装基片厚度(或封装钢管直径)对标定结果产生的影响,本文根据等强度梁的工作原理对标定过程进行了理论分析,引入应变修正系数对标定结果进行修正,并计算了裸FBG和采用直径1.5 mm钢管封装的FBG应变传感器的应变修正系数.分别应用等强度梁和万能试验机对钢管式封装的FBG应变传感器进行了标定,经修正后的等强度梁标定出的结果与万能试验机的结果完全一致.     

基于楔形腔结构的光纤光栅位移传感器

提出一 种基于楔形腔结构的光纤光栅(FBG)位移传感器设计方法,制作了具有结构简单、体积小、 测量精度可调节和抗 电磁干扰等优点的FBG位移传感器。通过对制作的FBG位移传感器进行标定实验,得出传感 器的灵 敏度系数为13.77pm/mm,相关系数达到了0.99,线性度良好。在钢筋混凝土柱双向偏心 受压试验中,与电类位移计的测量结果对比表明,本文制作的FBG位移传感器测量结果准 确,实用性强,适用于工程结构长期的位移监测。     

FBG弯曲传感在滑坡预警监测中的应用研究

针对传统滑坡预警监测技术中存在的自动化程度 较低、测量精度不高,不易对边坡实现大面积和长 期可靠在线监测等不足,研究了采用光纤光栅(FBG)弯曲传感技术用于边坡表面形变及深 部位移测量的 结构原理及具体应用方式。在分析采用简支梁和悬臂梁两种结构实现FBG弯曲调谐原理 的基础上,选择具有不同中心波长的FBG进行串接后,粘贴于弹性杆件PVC管上,实验验 证了利用简支梁和悬臂 梁两种FBG弯曲调谐结构实现边坡表面形变及深部位移进行原理性测量的可行性。实验结果 表明,粘贴在 PVC管上不同位置的FBG的波长变化量与该位置的形变量有着明显的线性对应关系;两种结构 最大形变位 置的FBG测量灵敏度分别为0.245 nm/mm和0.166nm/mm;采用在PVC管两侧对称180°的位置粘贴 FBG的方法,可在提高FBG检测灵敏度的同时,解决FBG温度及应变的交叉敏感问题,消除环 境温度变化对FBG弯曲传感测量结果的 影响。     

线位移传感器校准装置不确定度的评定和维保

线位移传感器是将被测位移量转化为与之对应的电流量或电压量的装置[1].在结构强度试验中,大量的线位移传感器用于测量飞机加载情况下的形变[2].文章主要研究线位移传感器校准装置的不确定度评定,通过综合考虑和分析测量误差来源,从而得到该类校准装置的不确定度,为线位移传感器的校准提供可靠的理论依据.在开展位移传感器的校准工作...     

一种大量程双弹簧式光纤光栅位错计

设计了一种大量程双弹簧式光纤光栅位错计。选 用弹簧作为位移-力转化元件,使光纤布拉格光栅 (fiber Bragg grating,简称FBG)所在基体发生轴向应变进而得到中心波长变化量。理论分 析了FBG位错 计机械结构与基体之间的位移传递关系,给出了位错计的理论灵敏度系数公式。以位移量为 变化参数,对 FBG位错计进行了标定试验并根据数据进行传感器静态特性分析。结果表明,位错计的双向 线性度分别为 2.445%和2.386%;迟滞性分别为 3.385%和1.237%;灵敏度系数分别为34.93pm/cm和31.20pm/cm。该 FBG位错计结构简单、量程大、精度高、抗电磁干扰且可以实现温度自补偿。可应用于恶劣 以及复杂的地下工程结构长期的相对沉降远程监测。     

光纤光栅位移传感器的开发及应用

针对全光纤结构健康监测系统中对位移监测的需求,设计了一种基于等强度悬臂梁结构的光纤光栅(FBG)位移传感器,它具有结构简单、测量精度高、温度自补偿等优点。通过对传感器进行标定试验,结果显示其线性相关系数可以达到0.999以上,传感器的测量精度为0.326%FS。该传感器在桥梁支座监测中的成功应用表明其可靠性高、对结构自身影响小,可直接测量支座位移,适合于长期工程结构监测。     

光纤光栅和静态电阻在静压模型管桩测试中的对比试验研究

为了提高光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratin g,简称FBG)应变传感器测量精度,针对光纤光栅传 感器在模型管桩试验应用情况,提出了一种光纤光栅传感器理论灵敏度系数和实验灵敏度系 数应变标定方 法。该方法通过实验标定微型光纤光栅应变传感器的灵敏度系数,与理论分析传感器灵敏度 系数进行对比, 同时在模型管桩安装传感器位置粘贴应变片。实验结果表明,标定后的FBG应变传感器测试 结果更加准确, 为基于FBG应变传感器的模型管桩监测技术奠定了基础。同时,该方法适用于FBG传感器应 用与模型管 桩前的标定,可以得到准确反映模型管桩受力变形的真实数据,提高了光纤光栅传感器在模 型管桩试验中 的测量精度。同时,该方法简单、易操作,为光纤光栅传感器在试验和工程中应用奠定了基 础,加快了FBG 传感器在模型管桩荷载传递监测应用的步伐。     

一种无封装FBG应变传感器标定方法

对传统的应变标定方法进行了分析,发现其不适用于无封装光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的应变标定。提出了一种简易的无封装FBG传感器的应变灵敏度系数标定方法,通过理论分析,证明了该方法的可行性。选取能够覆盖解调仪解调范围的不同中心波长的无封装FBG传感器进行标定实验。计算了实验的A类不确定度、FBG传感器的线性度,并分析了标定结果与理论值存在差异的原因。实验结果表明,提出的方法在四支FBG传感器上均取得了3×10-3 pm/με以下的A类不确定度和0.5%以下的线性度。     

光纤光栅冰力传感器的开发及应用

根据裸光纤光栅(FBG)对应变的灵敏度远高于对压力的灵敏度这一特点,设计了一种基于等强度梁结构的FBG冰力传感器,并可以通过调节封装构件的尺寸调节其测量压力的灵敏度系数。对传感器的标定结果显示,这种FBG冰力传感器的线性相关度良好,实测的灵敏度系数与理论值一致。该种传感器在冰激桥墩振动模型试验中得到了应用,成功监测了桥墩在不同冰速撞击下受到的冰力。实验表明,这种FBG传感器灵敏度高、可靠性好、对结构自身的影响很小,可直接测量冰的撞击力,适合于模型实验中的冰力监测。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks