国家会展项目D0区预应力转换梁施工阶段分析

中国博览会会展综合体(国家会展)项目D0区第4层转换梁采用后张有粘结预应力技术,由于梁截面大、跨度大、上部荷载大且施工工期紧,该转换梁需分批次张拉。考虑4种不利状态下的施工阶段,对预应力转换梁进行有限元分析,得到不同施工阶段下的混凝土最大拉压应力值和梁构件的最大变形。通过不同施工阶段下的有限元分析结果与规范要求进行对比,保证了转换梁的施工质量。     

多层预应力框架工程几种不同张拉施工次序下预应力次内力变化分析

基于预应力次弯矩计算的等效荷载法,利用midas软件的空间分析功能,比较了实际后张预应力多层框架工程在不同张拉施工方案下结构中产生的次内力,据此得出后张预应力多层框架工程预应力张拉的合理顺序。     

一种具有双层防护功能的预应力张拉挡板平台设计

预应力张拉施工技术是桥梁工程项目中一项关键技术,其在提高桥梁工作性能的同时减轻了梁体的自重,有很强的实用性.在预应力张拉预制件的制造过程中,为避免张拉时预应力钢筋断裂造成的安全事故,设计出一种具有双层防护功能的预应力张拉挡板平台结构,有利于施工现场的安全管理.     

预应力转换大梁的设计与施工

在一高层住宅转换梁的设计中 ,对处于使用和强度阶段的转换梁的节点状态作了不同的考虑 ,达到经济与安全的统一 ,对分三批张拉的预应力转换梁在各种荷载不利组合下的性能进行了计算 ,绘制了大比例配筋详图用于指导施工 ,在预应力张拉时对转换梁进行了反拱测试 ,对同类工程有一定参考价值。     

混凝土梁预应力筋张拉顺序的仿真分析及优化

后张预应力混凝土梁中预应力筋的张拉是基于对称的原则确定张拉顺序的。采用有限元软件ADINA对阜新市博物馆预应力混凝土框架结构中一跨度为54 m的混凝土梁的张拉过程进行仿真分析。根据对称张拉的原则,提出2种张拉方案,分析对比2中张拉过程中梁的变形情况,并与顺序张拉做对比,从而进行张拉顺序的优化。     

某斜拉桥主塔横梁预应力张拉过程仿真分析

大桥主塔横粱预应力张拉过程的受力分析较为复杂。某桥混凝土下横梁下半部浇筑完成并达到强度后,即开始对下部预应力进行张拉,为准确模拟该施工实际过程,本文考虑预应力张拉阶段支架和混凝土梁之间的相互作用,对预应力张拉过程进行仿真分析,为类似工程分析计算提供参考。     

预应力张拉施工对空间框架结构内力的影响

利用SAP2000软件对预应力张拉施工过程进行分析可知，考虑钢筋混凝土框架、肋梁楼盖以及支撑体系共同工作后，预应力张拉对边跨框架梁及其附近楼板内力和变形影响较大；考虑楼板的约束作用，框架梁反拱值、梁端压缩值和梁混凝土应力等与实测值较接近；考虑肋梁楼盖的三维计算模型更能反映实际工作状况。     

桥梁中的盖梁预应力张拉控制参数计算

指出了在桥梁设计中,预应力张拉控制已成为桥梁结构施工中的一道重要工序,通过工程实例主要对桥梁盖梁的预应力张拉控制的相关参数进行了计算,可为今后的施工提供参考。     

对某工程预应力现浇梁施工工艺的分析

某商城预应力部分为主体7层、8层、9层、10层、11层、12层、13层(屋面)各27根预应力梁.工程预应力筋采用符合GB/T5224-2003标准的高强度低松弛钢绞线,采用符合GB/T14370-2000标准的预应力筋用锚具.因本工程预应力梁分单跨梁和多跨梁,所以张拉时单跨梁采用一端张拉、多跨梁两端张拉的施工工艺,且预应力张拉前应保证混凝土的强度符合设计要求.     

弦支网架预应力张拉施工模拟分析

作为一种新型弦支结构体系,弦支网架由上部刚性网架和下部柔性索通过支杆相连而成。通过预应力张拉可将拉索预应力引入弦支网架中,从而改善结构受力性能,因此预应力张拉施工至关重要。以天津北塘文体中心弦支网架为研究对象,使用ANSYS有限元软件,采用单元生死技术和多时间步连续分析方法对弦支网架预应力张拉施工过程进行模拟,确定了施工过程中各拉索的张拉控制值,并分析了在施工过程中拉索内力、结构位移和杆件应力的变化规律,为该工程预应力张拉施工提供了依据。可为其它弦支网架工程的预应力张拉施工模拟提供参考。     

Coupled static and dynamic buckling of thin walled beam by spline finite element

For the coupled static and dynamic buckling of thin walled beam subjected to various forces, such as axial force, uniform bending moment, and bending moment due to concentrated and distributed lateral forces, the spline finite element method is employed to obtain the dynamic stiffness matrix. Second order effects of the axial force and moment are considered. A doubly symmetric cantilever beam with uniform cross-section is investigated. Extensive static and dynamic interaction diagrams are plotted. The effects of warping rigidity, torsional rigidity, axial tension and compression on moment buckling, moment on axial buckling compression, higher buckling modes are discussed in detail. The spline finite element method is proved to be very efficient for the present problem and many interaction diagrams can be plotted easily. Some new results are presented. The methodology is based on finite element formulation and therefore it can be easily extended to analyze structural frames.     

拉-弯-剪组合作用下法兰连接方钢管柱受力性能研究

为研究多高层钢结构柱连接在拉-弯-剪组合作用下的受力性能,对4个不同法兰板厚度的法兰连接柱进行了足尺模型试验和有限元分析,并通过有限元模型分析了轴拉比对法兰连接柱性能的影响。结果表明：随着法兰板厚度增大,连接柱的侧向刚度和水平承载力增大,受拉区法兰接触面翘力减小;在拉-弯-剪组合作用下,法兰中性轴位置在受压侧第二排螺栓附近,且随着法兰板厚度的增大,中性轴位置由法兰受压区逐渐向其几何中心移动。轴向拉力对法兰产生的作用效应与水平荷载产生的作用同向。轴向拉力降低了法兰连接柱的水平屈服荷载,法兰转角随着轴拉比的增大而增大。     

The effects of axial tension on the hogging-moment regions of composite beams

Structural parts commonly comprised of composite members such as bridge approaches, inclined parking ramps and stadium beams, can be subjected to a combination of high axial loads and bending moments. Steel-concrete composite construction is a popular solution for these types of structures due to the numerous advantages that they offer. Although, current design codes (e.g. Eurocode 4, American code AISC, Australian codes AS2327 and AS5100) provide rules for the design of composite columns subjected to flexure and axial load, however the design of composite beams, which are asymmetric in nature under the combined effects of tension and bending, is not yet fully addressed. This paper investigates the ultimate strength of composite beams under the combined effects of axial tension and negative (hogging) bending moment. An experimental programme carried out in the laboratory of the University of Western Sydney comprised of a total of six specimens representing composite beams and subjected to various levels of axial tension and bending moment. Ultimate failure modes were identified and the resulting interaction diagrams were compared to the results of sectional rigid plastic analysis. Following the tests, three-dimensional finite element models were employed using the ABAQUS finite element software to further investigate the nonlinear behaviour of the composite beams and extend the experimental observations by studying the effects of parameters such as the span length and the effect of partial shear connection. Finally, simple design rules and formulae are proposed for use in engineering practice.     

The effects of axial tension on the sagging-moment regions of composite beams

This paper studies the effects of axial tension on the sagging moment regions of steel–concrete composite beams. The study comprised an extensive experimental programme and nonlinear finite element analyses. Six composite beams were designed and tested under the combined effects of axial tension and positive bending moment. The beams were loaded to their ultimate capacity and the experimental moment-axial tension interaction diagram was constructed. Following the tests, a finite element model was used to simulate the nonlinear response of the composite beams. The validity of the model was thoroughly assessed against the available experimental data and a parametric study was conducted to study different beam sizes and the effect of partial shear connection on the interaction diagram. It was found that the moment capacity of a composite beam is reduced under the presence of an axial tensile force acting in the steel beam section. In addition, the use of partial shear connection does not affect significantly the shape of the interaction diagram. The tensile capacity of the composite section, however, is limited by the axial capacity of the steel beam alone. Based on the experimental results and the finite element analyses, a simplified equation is proposed for the design of composite beams subjected to positive bending and axial tension.     

焊接箱形截面梁抗震性能影响因素研究

为考察板件宽厚比对焊接箱形截面梁抗震性能的影响,对中国、美国、日本和欧洲的钢结构设计标准中的相关规定进行了比较,结果表明各国规范对于梁板件宽厚比限值的规定总体上具有较好的一致性。采用钢材循环加载本构,建立了多尺度非线性有限元计算模型。提出了刚性竖杆 箱形梁加载方式,模拟水平地震、重力荷载与轴向压力对箱形截面框架梁的作用。有限元分析结果表明,在设计常用的板件宽厚比范围内,箱形截面梁的弹性屈曲荷载均显著高于其屈服荷载。在水平往复荷载作用下,随着板件宽厚比减小,箱形截面梁极限变形角与延性系数随之增大,抗弯刚度降低速率变缓,塑性耗能能力显著增强。当满足一级抗震宽厚比要求时,焊接箱形截面梁的梁端截面转角约为1/30。承受轴压作用时梁刚度退化很快,变形能力减弱。当轴压比不大于0.2、满足一级抗震宽厚比要求时,梁端截面转角约为1/50。跨高比对梁承载力影响不大,但变形能力可以大幅度提高。横向荷载对梁抗震性能的影响显著,随着静载比（重力荷载代表值与屈服弯矩之比）增大,骨架曲线逐渐发生平移,抗弯刚度降低,耗能性能减弱。当地震弯矩与静力弯矩方向相同时,箱形截面梁承载力显著降低,静载比0.8时极限变形角可减小约50%;当地震弯矩与静力弯矩方向相反时,梁虽然承载力稍有提高,但极限变形角略有减小。     

基于ALGOR的500kV及1000kV避雷器弯曲应力有限元仿真分析

利用有限元法,结合ALGOR大型通用多物理场有限元分析软件对500kV及1000kV电站型瓷套无间隙金属氧化物避雷器(以下简称避雷器)的弯曲应力进行了模拟分析,避雷器的顶部施加一定拉力和风压力,进行了应力分析仿真,根据国标方法计算避雷器承载时的弯曲应力分布,计算的强度与仿真结果一致性较好。该方法对避雷器的优化设计及应用评价具有指导作用,可作为避雷器设计的辅助计算工具。     

大跨张弦梁结构施工控制与数值模拟

对某高速铁路张弦梁结构雨篷的施工方案进行了详细的阐述,并利用有限元软件Midas对张弦梁的施工安装过程进行了数值模拟,验算了吊装施工过程中吊点位置的正确性和施工荷载对张弦梁结构的影响,验证了分级张拉的施工方案,预估了张拉的应力值,可对施工进行精确控制与指导。     

Ultimate strength of longitudinally stiffened I-girder webs subjected to combined patch loading and bending

A numerical study is performed to investigate the ultimate strength of I-girder webs subjected to the combined action of patch loading and bending moment. The study was conducted by means of nonlinear finite element analysis. Initial geometrical imperfections, plastic material behaviour and large deflection effects were considered in the model. The finite element model was validated against experimental results taken from the literature. A parametric study was carried out in order to investigate the influence of the magnitude of the bending moment and the relative location of the stiffener on the ultimate strength to patch loading. Furthermore, diagrams showing the interaction between the aforementioned parameters are presented.     

偏心转换梁受力性能的有限元分析

被托换的剪力墙 (或柱 )不在转换梁的中轴线上 ,这时的转换梁就是偏心转换梁。利用通用有限元程序ALGOR中的三维块体线弹性单元 ,对三种类型的偏心转换梁分别进行实例分析 ;并将ALGOR的应力结果积分为内力 (扭矩、轴力、剪力和弯矩 ) ,绘制成内力图。通过分析偏心转换梁的内力 ,得出了一些转换梁的特点 ,包括偏心转换梁的扭矩变化规律、轴力对转换梁的影响等     

不同类型桩基支撑的整体桥力学性能

以福建永春县上坂大桥作为工程背景建立了全桥有限元模型,通过实桥静载、动载试验对模型进行验证,并在整体式桥台下分别设置了矩形桩、圆形桩、预应力高强混凝土(PHC)管桩、钢管桩、H型钢桩、工型超高性能混凝土(UHPC)桩和工型UHPC-矩形变截面桩,研究了整体桥采用不同类型桩基时对其整体力学性能的影响。结果表明:有限元模型的计算基频较实测值减小了5.5%,第1阶模态均为横向侧飘,主梁在汽车偏载和中载作用下出现的竖向挠度与实测挠度较吻合,验证了有限元模型的合理性; 随着整体温度的升高,不同类型桩基支撑的整体桥主梁和桩基最大正、负弯矩和剪力随之增大,主梁竖向挠度随之减小,梁端水平位移也呈现明显的增长趋势,但在相同温度荷载作用下,整体式桥台下设置不同类型桩基对梁端水平位移的影响很小; 桩身显著变形区主要出现在0～6.4D(D为桩径)埋深处,在更大埋深处基本可忽略,表现出了柔性桩的变形性能; 随着变截面桩的上部UHPC桩段抗弯刚度的增大,主梁最大正、负弯矩与桩身最大弯矩均显著增大,桩顶水平变形显著减小; 随着上部UHPC桩段长度的增加,主梁最大正、负弯矩与桩身最大弯矩先呈现明显的增长趋势,而后趋于稳定,桩顶水平变形则先呈现明显减小趋势,随后趋于稳定; 上部UHPC桩段长度一般取为桩基总长的36%,对整体桥主梁和桩基的受力较好,为UHPC桩段的经济长度; 温差小于15 ℃时,整体桥采用不同类型桩基时对主梁和桩基的受力影响不大; 随着温差继续增大,整体桥采用H型钢桩、工型UHPC桩或工型UHPC-矩形变截面桩时主梁和桩基的受力性能更好。