气调包装对生湿面条保鲜效果的影响

目的为了减少防腐剂在食品中的使用,利用包装来保鲜生湿面条。方法选取不同气调包装与普通包装进行对比,研究其对生湿面条的保鲜效果和品质的影响。结果 CO_2(50%)+N_2(50%)和CO_2(70%)+N_2(30%)的气调包装(均为体积分数)能明显延长货架期到14 d。CO_2(70%)+N_2(30%)的气调包装能有效减少水分的散失,第14天时水分的质量分数高达30.47%,且CO_2气调包装能够有效改善生湿面条的色泽和蒸煮吸水率,并未对蒸煮损失率和质构特性造成不良影响。结论 CO_2(70%)+N_2(30%)的气调包装更适合生湿面条的贮存。     

鲜湿面货架期影响因素和保鲜技术研究进展

目的 介绍影响鲜湿面货架期的影响因素及其贮藏保鲜技术的研究进展,为鲜湿面在食品工业上的应用提供一定的思路和依据.方法 概述影响鲜湿面货架期的因素,总结鲜湿面贮藏保鲜技术的国内外现状,以及物理保鲜技术、化学保鲜技术、包装技术及其复合保鲜技术对鲜湿面品质的影响和货架期的比较,并对鲜湿面保鲜技术进行展望.结果 复合保鲜技术对鲜湿面品质和货架期的改善优于单一保鲜技术.结论 复合保鲜技术具有协同促进作用,延长了食品货架期,具有更广阔的研究前景.     

ABS塑料件多层"湿碰湿"涂装新工艺

对ABS塑料多层涂装工艺进行了探讨,指出采用"湿碰湿"工艺可提高生产效率和产品合格率,涂层各项性能指标合格.     

健康美味 面面俱“道”

正从小生活在北方的人对面条的"爱戴",绝非南方人可以想象。据说,平时一餐只吃一小碗米饭的北方男人,在面条诱惑前,可以用大海碗斗量。但是,现代生活节奏的加快,面条制作工序的繁琐,让许多人对自制手工面条望而生畏。而外购面条的安全又不能让人放心。妈妈做的手擀面,成为他们记忆中的"家的味道"。要美味,不要费劲?随着新科技在面条机上的应用,也让在家享受劲道"手工面"成为现实。现在,让我们一起看看下面两位主妇的自制面条的感受吧。     

应用于分布式食物生产的可持续产品服务系统设计研究

目的 从设计角度探究如何将可持续产品服务系统应用于分布式食物生产的相关理论.方法 运用文献研究和典型案例分析法,概述目前食物资源的问题及分布式经济的理论,梳理可持续产品服务系统理论的发展脉络,进行理解归纳和整合,从而提出本研究假设,即应用于分布式食物生产的可持续产品服务系统设计在中国的社区语境下能够实现可持续发展.通过分布式经济定义初步判断盒马鲜生具有其基本特点,并且生产资源类型为食物,因此,试分析生鲜食品行业最具代表性的盒马鲜生实际案例,从其应用场景、产品服务系统、结构布局和产品全流程生命周期四个方面展开分析.结论 对分布式食物生产的定义进行了完善,总结了其可持续产品服务系统的关键特征,以及智能产品服务系统和潜在可持续效益,弥补了中国设计领域内应用于分布式食物生产的可持续产品服务系统的研究空白,为今后该方向的设计策略研究和方法与工具开发奠定了基础,同时为中国分布式经济模式下的可持续产品服务系统的设计实践提供一定的理论支撑和设计指导.     

基于ENVISAT ASAR数据的鄱阳湖湿地生物量反演研究

湿生植被是鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,生物量的大小是衡量湿地生态系统初级生产力的主要指标之一.本文利用ENVISAT ASAR交替极化(HH,VV)数据对鄱阳湖湿地地区的湿生植被进行生物量反演研究,并在密歇根微波冠层散射(MIMICS)模型模拟分析的基础上利用人工神经网络(ANN)方法来反演生物量.据此计算出鄱阳湖4月份湿生植被的总生物量干重约为1.065×109kg,并给出了生物量分布图.反演结果表明,ENVISAT ASAR数据可以很好地用于湿地植被生物量反演;神经网络生物量反演方法可以有效地表达生物量与后向散射系数之间复杂的非线性关系,从而大大提高反演精度;反演结果的误差主要来自于实地采样、图像配准、反演计算过程中带来的误差.     

我国稀土顺丁橡胶实现工业化生产

中国石油天然气集团公司锦州石化公司成功实现稀土顺丁橡胶在万吨级生产装置上规模化生产，并通过科技部组织的专家验收，被评为“A”。该项目由中国科学院长春应化所与锦州石化公司共同研究开发，是一种适应现代汽车轮胎低滚动阻力和高抗湿滑性要求的新型稀土顺丁橡胶。     

频率红移法用于激光二极管热阻测量

给出了"频率(波长)红移法"测量半导体激光二极管热阻Rth的原理:由于温度变化引起LD峰值波长的变化△λ,间接得到温度变化△T;由注入电功率和输出光功率间接得到热耗散功率.克服了以往测试方法复杂、投入高、效率低等不足,而且可以与LD其它参数测试结合,投入少,适合于LD规模化生产和产品研制改进.介绍了Rth测试系统硬件和软件的实现方法以及测试实例.     

多壁碳纳米管表面生长单晶-纳米管由弯变直

碳纳米管表面包覆单晶在国内外文献中尚未见有报导.我们在含有多壁碳纳米管的熔融的ZnO-B2O3混合体系中,一定过冷度的驱使下成功地在碳纳米管表面生长出了偏硼酸锌单晶包覆层.有趣的是,原本弯曲的碳纳米管在表面晶体生长的驱动下而变直了.柔性一维纳米材料与微观晶体生长的结合,促成了这种由"面条"到"筷子"的转变.     

中国主食品的特征及产业化发展方向

本文论述了馒头、面条等中国主食品的独有特征,指出主食品的生产、供应必然将实现产业化,进而向方便化、营养化、标准化、现代化发展。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...