钢铝层叠复合材料固态复合技术及应用

钢铝层叠复合材料兼备了钢、铝材料的优点，而摒弃了它们的不足，是一种具有广阔应用范围和巨大发展潜力的复合材料。针对钢、铝两种材料的特点及性能，分别介绍了用于制造钢、铝层叠复合材料的可行的复合技术，并对各复合方法的工艺特点、主要工艺参数及技术要点进行了分析与比较，指出了他们的优缺点及应用前景，并给出了一些具体的应用实例。     

新型多功能材料泡沫铝的结构性能及前景展望

泡沫铝按结构分为泡状铝和多孔铝两类,它是一种新型的多功能泡沫材料,同时具有金属和气泡的多种优良性能．被广泛地应用在建筑、交通运输等行业中。今后应加大对泡沫铝力学性能的研究,深入探讨其结构形态与阻尼特性之间的关系,研究具有大内耗和功能结构一体化的新型阻尼泡沫铝材料。     

钢铝层叠复合材料固态复合技术及应用

钢铝层叠复合材料兼备了钢、铝材料的优点 ,而摒弃了它们的不足 ,是一种具有广阔应用范围和巨大发展潜力的复合材料。针对钢、铝两种材料的特点及性能 ,分别介绍了用于制造钢、铝层叠复合材料的可行的复合技术 ,并对各复合方法的工艺特点、主要工艺参数及技术要点进行了分析与比较 ,指出了他们的优缺点及应用前景 ,并给出了一些具体的应用实例     

钢/铝异种材料连接接头的强度及失效模式

铝合金在汽车车身材料中的应用是实现汽车结构轻量化的重要途径,而钢/铝异种材料连接方法的研究则是解决铝合金在汽车车身材料中应用的关键.本文对近年来钢/铝异种材料连接方法的研究成果进行了总结,涉及的连接方法包括电弧熔钎焊、激光焊接、电阻点焊和搅拌摩擦焊等;重点讨论了文献中钢/铝异种材料连接接头在静拉伸载荷作用下的强度和失效模式,以方便设计人员根据实际生产的需要进行相应的选择;还讨论了钢/铝异种材料连接方法的发展趋势.     

钢材焊接时效敏感性的内耗法研究

用自制扭摆装置测定了直接从钢材上切取的06MnVAl钢及H08钢的试件的内耗。在室温(20℃)下,在频率为0.65—0.66Hz处找到了内耗峰。测量结果表明内耗峰高度及各组数据的标准偏差与时效处理条件和冲击韧性有良好的对应关系。本试验装置和用内耗法研究评定钢材焊接时效都有实用价值。     

缺陷对Cu—Zn—Al形状记忆合金内耗的影响

本文通过不同淬火温度和不同激振时间对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金耗影响的研究,探讨了晶体缺陷在合金内耗中的作用。结果表明:一定数量的缺陷将会引起内耗值的提高,Cu-Zn-Al合金作为阻尼材料在使用过程中由于缺陷增多阻尼性能虽有所降低,但长时间后仍有相当高的内耗值(Q~-1～5×10~-2),因此有较高的使用价值。     

焊接速度对钢/铝异种金属激光深熔焊接头特性的影响

为了解决钢/铝异种金属焊接接头力学性能较低的难题,采用无任何填充材料的光纤激光深熔焊接方法,研究了不同焊接速度对钢/铝搭接接头焊缝成形、界面组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着焊接速度从2.4 m/min增加到3.3 m/min,钢/铝接头焊缝成形不断改善,且在焊接速度为3.0、3.3 m/min时,获得良好的焊缝成形.钢/铝接头界面金属间化合物层由Fe_2Al_5和Fe_4Al_(13)相组成,且增加焊接速度明显减小Fe_4Al_(13)相的数量及界面Fe_2Al_5层的厚度.接头拉伸剪切试验结果表明,当焊接速度为3.0 m/min时,钢/铝搭接接头的机械抗力值最高达137.1 N/mm.     

Al-Ce合金的固体内耗曲线的测定

通过实验对Al-Ce合金的内耗曲线进行了测量，绘出了不同Ce含量的Al-Ce合金在不同温度退火2h的内耗曲线图。发现了低温及高温两个内耗峰的存在，以及高温退火时合金内耗值大幅下降的现象。     

金属结构材料研究动态

对主要金属结构材料铝合金、钛合金、铜合金、镁合金及钢的新近研究发展动态进行了简要综述。并对今后金属材料研究工作的重点发表了看法。     

ZCGS浸入式水口材料与钢中Al2O3反应性能的研究

通过对ZCGS（ZrO2-CaO-C－SiO2)材料进行热力学分析，选用了以ZCGS材料为内壁与Al2O3-C基体制成复合浸入式水口，经现场工业试验表明，对要求钢中酸溶铝较高的优势低合金16MnReL钢进行浇铸时，该复合浸入式水口具有良好的抗Al2O3沉积效果，能够满足铝镇静钢及优质低合金钢多炉连铸的要求。     

Effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy AZ91D

The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of Magnesium alloy AZ91D alloy were studied.The different proportion of rare earth elements was added to the AZ91D and the tensile tests were carried out at different temperatures.The experimental results show that at room temperature or at 120℃ the AZ91D‘s decrease with the increasing amount of the rare earth elements.however,the ductility is improved.The influence of 0.14%Sb(mass fraction)on the AZ91D‘s strength is like that of rare earth elements(0.2%-0.4%)(mass fraction).Microstructure graphs demonstrate that appropriate amount of rare earth elements (0.1%-0.2%) can fine AZ91D‘s grain and improve its ductility.     

Y和Ce对AZ91D镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

为了开发低成本、高强度、耐高温的新型镁合金,研究了微量Y、Ce对AZ91D镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:Y和Ce复合加入AZ91D镁合金,能明显细化组织晶粒,从而改善合金在室温和高温下的力学性能。当加入0.6%Ce-0.3%Y(质量分数)时,合金晶粒细化效果较好,其室温和高温力学性能比较理想。     

Effects of ultrasonic field on microstructures and properties of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy

The microstructure distribution rule of semi-solid AZ91D alloy treated by ultrasonic was researched, and mechanical properies of specimens before and after ultrasonic treatment were investigated further.Semi-solid AZ91D melt specimens were processed by ultrasonic under different powers, and its microstructures and mechanical properties at different sampling points in specimens were obtained. The experimental results show that the microstructure of AZ91D alloy at different sampling points under the same ultrasonic power is different in grain size and shape, and there is also great difference among their microstructures at the same sampling point under different ultrasonic powers. AZ91D alloy treated by ultrasonic can obtain increment in both tensile strength and plasticity. Under same ultrasonic power, mechanical properties of specimen at different sampling points have obvious difference, and regularity for change of mechanical properties everywhere is similar to regularity for change of grain size and shape everywhere.     

Microstructural formation of semi-solid AZ91D alloy stirred by electromagnetic field

With the help of an electromagnetic stirring device, alloy melt quenching and EBSD (electron back scatter diffraction)analysis technology, the microstructure of the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry stirred by rotational electromagnetic field under different stirring power conditions has been studied. The results show that the size of primary α-Mg phase is reduced obviously when the solidifying alloy melt is stirred by rotational electromagnetic field, moreover, the primary α-Mg grains are changed to fine rosette grains or spherical grains which are proved to belong to the different grains in three-dimension by the EBSD analysis technology. The results also show that the stirring power is an important processing parameter in the preparation of the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry. The larger the stirring power, the finer the primary α-Mg grains, the less the rosette primary α-Mg grains, and the more the spherical primary α-Mg grains. Theoretical analysis indicates that a stronger flow motion leads to a more even temperature field and solute field and a stronger man-made temperature fluctuation in the alloy melt so that the specially fine rosette and/or spherical primary α-Mg grains are formed in the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry.     

粗镁直接熔炼AZ91D的力学性能及断口分析

为了研究粗镁直接熔炼AZ91D镁合金锭不同位置上的夹杂分布情况,对AZ91D镁合金锭的三个不同取样位置进行了拉伸及冲击试验,通过扫描电子显微镜对拉伸和冲击断口进行了组织形貌上的观察与分析.结果表明:合金锭中间部分的力学性能要明显优于两侧部分,夹杂含量相对于两侧要低; 粗镁直接熔炼的AZ91D镁合金拉伸与冲击断口形貌呈河流状,为脆性断裂.粗镁直接熔炼的合金产生的夹杂物中的主要元素为C、O、Si,并含有少量Fe、K、Ca、S、Cl、Cr等元素; 在夹杂物周围容易出现二次裂纹,夹杂物的数量和种类直接影响着合金的力学性能.     

钙和碳变质对AZ91D显微组织与性能的影响

镁合金的晶粒细化对于材质的金相组织和力学性能起着决定性作用．本课题通过在AZ91D中加入Ca和C2Cl6晶粒细化剂,分别研究了Ca,C对AZ91D组织以及力学性能的影响．利用熔剂保护法,制备了AZ91D标准拉伸试样,经过T4,T6处理后,采用金相显微镜（Olympus）、扫面电镜（SEM）和能谱分析仪（EDAX）对制备的试样进行了显微组织、断口形貌及成分进行了观察与分析,并测试了抗拉强度和布氏硬度．试验结果表明：经过显微组织和断口形貌观察,加入细化剂后形成Al4C3,有效的抑制了晶粒的长大,使晶粒得到细化,当Ca和C2Cl6复合应用时,使得AZ91D的晶粒细化更加明显,力学性能得到提高,抗拉强度最高达到216N／mm^2,布氏硬度值达到60HB．     

Electroless Ni-P deposition on magnesium alloy from a sulfate bath

A technology for electroless Ni-P deposition on AZ91D from a low cost plating bath containing sulfate nickel was proposed. The seal pretreatment was employed before the electroless Ni-P deposition for the sake of occluding the micro holes of the cast magnesium alloy and interdicting the bubble formation in the Ni-P coating during plating process. And pickling pretreatment can provide a better adhesion between the Ni-P deposition and AZ91D substrate. The deposition speed of the Ni-P coating is 29 μm/h. The technology is employed to AZ91D magnesium alloy automobile parts and can provide high hardness and high wear-resistant. The weight losses of Ni-P plated and heat-treated Ni-P plated magnesium alloy specimen are only about 1/6 and 1/10 that of bare magnesium alloy specimen after 10 min abrasion wear, respectively. The hardness of the electroless Ni-P plated brake pedal support brackets is 674.1 VHN and 935.7 VHN after 2 hours heat treatments at 180 C. The adhesion of Ni-P coatings on magnesium alloy substrates meets the demands of ISO Standards 2819. The technology is environment friendly and cannot cause hazard to environment because of absence of chromate in the whole process.     

镁合金电镀镍涂层的耐蚀性能

以化学镀镍作为保护层,对AZ91D镁合金进行直流电镀镍涂层以提高其耐腐蚀性能,并对镁合金表面两个不同厚度的镀镍涂层进行了比较.采用SEM对涂层的表面形态进行了研究.在X射线下纹理明显.镍涂层硬度约560VHN,远远高于AZ91D镁合金基底的硬度(约100VHN).电化学测量结果表明,在已经研究的镁合金涂层中,镍镀层有最低的腐蚀电流密度和最高的腐蚀电位.加速腐蚀实验中AZ91D镁合金镀镍具有很高的耐腐蚀性能.     

Galvanic Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy and Aluminum Alloy by Kelvin Probe

Galvanic corrosion on samples of AZ91D magnesium alloy coupled with 2A12 aluminum alloy during neutral salt spray test was investigated.The variations of the surface potential were measured using scanning kelvin probe(SKP).The results showed that galvanic effect on the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy is closely related to the potential difference between the anodic and cathodic materials.In the initial period,corrosion only occurred in a narrow area at the coupling interface because of the limited distance galvanic current.Then,the corrosion rate of 2A12 aluminum alloy was accelerated due to its poor stability in strong alkali environment,which was attributed to the strong alkalization caused by the corrosion of AZ91D magnesium alloy.With the increase of the potential of 2A12 aluminum alloy as a result of the continuous covering of corrosion products,the potential difference between the two materials was enlarged,which enhanced the galvanic corrosion.     

变形镁合金热压缩变形流变应力研究

由于镁是密排六方晶体结构,纯镁及镁合金在室温下只有很小的延展性,其成形工艺应在中高温下进行.针对AZ91D与ZK60镁合金,采用Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机对其在不同温度和变形速率下的流变应力进行了实验研究.结果表明,AZ91D与ZK60镁合金具有不同形式的热模拟曲线,不同的流变应力规律.