Preparation of Iron Oxide Particle-Decorated Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Electrode Material for Pseudocapacitor

Iron oxide particle-decorated lignin-based carbon nanofibers (IO-LCNFs) were fabricated from organic mixtures containing acetic acid lignin (AAL) together with ferric acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)₃) via electrospinning followed by stabilization in air and carbonization in nitrogen. After the addition of Fe(acac)₃, IO-LCNFs showed different morphologies: Non-fused IO-LCNFs were obtained with diameters of 400–500 nm; iron oxide nanoparticles with diameters of 30–60 nm were exposed outside and well-distributed when sufficient amounts of Fe(acac)₃ were added. These carbon nanofibers were then used as electrode material for pseudocapacitor. It was found that the iron oxide particles enhanced the resulting electrochemical properties via reversible redox reactions. IO-LCNFs made from the composite nanofibers with mass ratio of AAL/Fe(acac)₃ of 80/20 [i.e., IO-LCNFs (80/20)] exhibited the highest specific capacitance, 72.1 F g^?1, at current density of 500 mA g^?1.     

Chemical Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanofibers in Waterborne Polyurethane Adhesives

Waterborne polyurethane adhesives (WBPU) reinforced with carbon nanofibers (CNFs), to make them also conductive to static electricity, were prepared and their properties were evaluated as a function of content (0.1–1 wt%). The incorporation of carbon nanofibers to waterborne polyurethane adhesives implies a great difficulty because of their tendency to form aggregates, which prevents an efficient dispersion. In this sense, it is necessary to insert functional groups on the surface of the nanofibers to improve their interaction with any polymer. In this research, the surfaces of carbon nanofibers were previously oxygenated by chemical functionalization to enhance their stability in waterborne polyurethane adhesives. The obtained results showed that the chemical treatment used to functionalize the carbon nanofillers was adequate, as well as the experimental procedure carried out for their incorporation into the polyurethane, since stable dispersions were obtained. Moreover, the addition of the nanofibers to the waterborne polyurethanes contributed to improving their rheological and viscoelastic properties, imparting an increase in the viscosity and changes in the crystallisation kinetics.     

新材料技术应用开创低碳节能的新时代

介绍了我国新材料行业发展形势,行业的国内外生存环境及国家对该行业的支持政策。在低碳经济大趋势下,新材料发展前景美好。     

Carbon Nanofibers: Catalytic Synthesis and Applications

Carbon nanofibers (diameter range, 3-100 nm; length range, 0.1-1000 µm) have been known for a long time as a nuisance that often emerges during catalytic conversion of carbon-containing gases. The recent outburst of interest in these graphitic materials originates from their potential for unique applications as well as their chemical similarity to fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. In this review, we focus on the growth of nanofibers using metallic particles as a catalyst to precipitate the graphitic carbon. First, we summarize some of the earlier literature that has contributed greatly to understand the nucleation and growth of carbon nanofibers and nanotubes. Thereafter, we describe in detail recent progress to control the fiber surface structure, texture, and growth into mechanically strong agglomerates. It is argued that carbon nanofibers are unique high-surface-area materials (~200 m²/g) that can expose exclusively either basal graphite planes or edge planes. Subsequently, we will present the recently explored applications of carbon nanofibers: polymer additives, gas storage materials, and catalyst supports. The latter application is described in detail. It is shown that the graphite surface structure and the lyophilicity play a crucial role during metal emplacement and catalytic use in liquid-phase catalysis. A case in point is fiber-supported Pd catalysts for nitrobenzene hydrogenation. Finally, we summarize issues with respect to the large-scale production of carbon nanofibers, including production cost estimates and research items to be dealt with in future work.     

Mesoporous Carbon: A Versatile Material for Scientific Applications

Mesoporous carbon is a promising material having multiple applications. It can act as a catalytic support and can be used in energy storage devices. Moreover, mesoporous carbon controls body’s oral drug delivery system and adsorb poisonous metal from water and various other molecules from an aqueous solution. The accuracy and improved activity of the carbon materials depend on some parameters. The recent breakthrough in the synthesis of mesoporous carbon, with high surface area, large pore-volume, and good thermostability, improves its activity manifold in performing functions. Considering the promising application of mesoporous carbon, it should be broadly illustrated in the literature. This review summarizes the potential application of mesoporous carbon in many scientific disciplines. Moreover, the outlook for further improvement of mesoporous carbon has been demonstrated in detail. Hopefully, it would act as a reference guidebook for researchers about the putative application of mesoporous carbon in multidimensional fields.     

Peroxide Cellulose — New Raw Material for Chemical Processing

An environmentally clean peroxide method of manufacturing cellulose was developed as an alternative to the traditional pulping method. Spruce and birch are delignified with hydrogen peroxide in acid medium in the presence of catalysts and the cellulose undergoes bleaching and cold alkali modification. The properties of the cellulose obtained are as good as sulfate cord cellulose.     

酚醛模塑料粉碎新工艺

介绍酚醛模塑料粉碎新工艺。采用速差相向转动磨辊粉碎新工艺 ,对线速度、差速度、齿形、辊距、齿刀等进行调节 ,可减少过粉碎现象 ,80目 ( 0 18mm粒径 )以上的细粉末由原工艺的 3 5 %降到 10 %以下 ,满足了注塑要求     

A Study of Carbon Nanofibers and Active Carbon as Symmetric Supercapacitor in Aqueous Electrolyte: A Comparative Study

Symmetric supercapacitors are fabricated by carbon nanofibers (CNF) and activated carbon (AC) using similar proportions of 7 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer binder in an aqueous electrolyte. In this study, a comparison of porous texture and electrochemical performances between CNFs and AC based supercapacitors was carried out. Electrodes were assembled in the cell without a current collector. The prepared electrodes of CNFs and AC present Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 83 and 1042 m²/g, respectively. The dominant pore structure for CNFs is mesoporous while for AC is micropore. The results showed that AC provided higher specific capacitance retention up to very fast scan rate of 500 mV/s. AC carbon had a specific capacitance of 334 F/g, and CNFs had 52 F/g at scan rate 5 mV/s in aqueous solution. Also, the results indicate the superior conductivity of CNFs in contrast to AC counterparts. The measured equivalent series resistance (ESR) showed a very small value for CNFs (0.28 Ω) in comparison to AC that has an ESR resistance of (3.72 Ω). Moreover, CNF delivered higher specific power (1860 W/kg) than that for AC (450 W/kg). On the other hand, AC gave higher specific energy (18.1 Wh/kg) than that for CNFs (2 Wh/kg).This indicates that the AC is good for energy applications. Whereas, CNF is good for power application. Indeed, the higher surface area will lead to higher specific capacitance and hence higher energy density for AC. For CNF, lower ESR is responsible for having higher power density.Both CNF and AC supercapacitor exhibit an excellent charge-discharge stability up to 2500 cycles.     

二氧化碳化工开发的新工艺

介绍了以CO2为原料，已研究开发的多种化工产品及新的合成工艺路线，指出CO2是良好的碳源后备物资。     

碳纳米管作为新型催化材料的发展

纳米材料真正作为研究领域的历史至今还不到一个世纪,在这不到一世纪时间里,纳米材料在人们越来越炽热的关注中飞速发展。作为纳米材料,其粒子由于尺寸的微观性,以及量子力学的出现,便具有了一些特殊的性质,包括量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应以及宏观量子隧道效应。在石油化工领域,催化剂是整个行业的命脉之一,而纳米材料由于其特殊的性质,使其在催化材料方面也开始逐渐崭露头角,并被专业人士视为富有前景的新型催化材料。本文中将以碳纳米管(CNTs)为例着重介绍其作为催化材料的发展进程并进行展望。     

煤化工工艺中二氧化碳减排技术

煤化工产业在我国工业经济中占据重要地位。近年来,伴随社会经济不断发展,对煤化工产品需求也在持续增长,而这也对煤化工工艺有了更高要求。不仅要保证煤化工产品质量,还需重视生产的环保,尤其是二氧化碳(CO_2)的减排。从煤化工生产中CO_2的排放情况出发,对煤化工工艺中CO_2减排技术进行系统分析。     

不锈钢化学着色老化液处理的新技术

不锈钢化学着色老化液的污染严重,制约着彩色不锈钢的大规模生产与应用。针对不锈钢化学着色老化液难以处理这一技术难题,首次提出了一种新的处理方法——蒸发分离-电化学氧化法。通过实验研究,对工艺进行了优化。结果表明:采用蒸发分离-电化学氧化法处理不锈钢化学着色老化液,可实现铬的循环利用和其他离子的回收利用,达到了零排放,既节约了资源,又降低了成本。     

自然铜绿化学着色工艺的研究与应用

从工艺流程、配方、质量影响因素等方面，介绍一种在铜及其合金表面着自然铜绿的化学着色新工艺。工业实践证明：该工艺全面实现了室温化、无渣化、着色液可连续使用，具有操作简单、周期短、色彩自然稳定，成品率高达９８％以上的特点，尤其适合于规模化生产。     

碳纤维复合材料新动向

简述近期碳纤维面临的新形势,指出今后推动碳纤维（CF）及其碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）的主要市场,将来自飞机、风电叶片、汽车、高压气瓶等领域,而工业罗拉所需碳纤维以沥青碳纤维为主。据预测,到20104全球CFRP的总产值将达到136亿美元,而到2025年可望超过250亿美元。     

探究化工新材料产业发展

随着我国综合国力的提高,科技水平的极大进步,对化工材料的需求逐渐呈现出多样化的趋势。各相关部门及其工作人员都开始重视对化工新材料的研究力度,以新材料的发展来推动我国化工行业的不断进步。当前,化工新材料的产业发展已经成为化工产业发展的关键所在。因此,主要对化工新材料进行简单的阐述,并对新材料产业的发展情况进行分析与研究,以推动化工产业的快速进步。     

化工厂污水处理新工艺

化工企业生产废水成分复杂,难处理。根据某化工企业废水水质特点,结合相关实际,采用物化和生化联合处理方法。运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果较好,工艺相对稳定,系统总COD、SS、色度去除率分别为99.2%、94.7%、81.2%,出水各项指标均优于《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中三级标准要求。     

Mechanical Properties of Woodceramics: A Porous Carbon Material

The mechanical properties of woodceramics, which are new porous carbon materials utilizing the natural structure of wood, were investigated. The effects of burning temperature and amount of impregnated phenol resin on Young's modulus, compressive strength and fracture toughness were measured. The fracture morphology was then observed, and simplified mechanical models of the woodceramics were discussed to explain the mechanical properties. The fracture was initiated at the cell walls that were located in vertical direction against the applied stress. The effect of impregnated phenol resin on the Young's modulus and the compressive strength was reasonably explained by a wall-bending model.     

一种新型泡沫封堵材料的研究及其施工技术

介绍了目前国内外一般采用防火封堵材料堵塞于各种贯穿物,如电缆、电线、风管、气管等穿过墙壁或楼板时形成的各种开口、孔洞,以阻止火灾蔓延和防止有毒气体扩散,将火灾控制在一定的范围之内,减少火灾损失。研究了一种新型泡沫封堵材料,并列举了封堵材料的性能指标,介绍了该封堵材料的配方及施工技术。