End-to-End Resource Management for Federated Delivery of Multimedia Services

Recently, the Internet has become a popular platform for the delivery of multimedia content. Currently, multimedia services are either offered by Over-the-top (OTT) providers or by access ISPs over a managed IP network. As OTT providers offer their content across the best-effort Internet, they cannot offer any Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees to their users. On the other hand, users of managed multimedia services are limited to the relatively small selection of content offered by their own ISP. This article presents a framework that combines the advantages of both existing approaches, by dynamically setting up federations between the stakeholders involved in the content delivery process. Specifically, the framework provides an automated mechanism to set up end-to-end federations for QoS-aware delivery of multimedia content across the Internet. QoS contracts are automatically negotiated between the content provider, its customers, and the intermediary network domains. Additionally, a federated resource reservation algorithm is presented, which allows the framework to identify the optimal set of stakeholders and resources to include within a federation. Its goal is to minimize delivery costs for the content provider, while satisfying customer QoS requirements. Moreover, the presented framework allows intermediary storage sites to be included in these federations, supporting on-the-fly deployment of content caches along the delivery paths. The algorithm was thoroughly evaluated in order to validate our approach and assess the merits of including intermediary storage sites. The results clearly show the benefits of our method, with delivery cost reductions of up to 80 % in the evaluated scenario.     

基于OSGI家庭网关的多媒体系统设计

随着家庭网络技术和多媒体技术的飞速发展,如何实现数字家庭中多媒体服务智能化和人性化已成为当今研究的热点。本文介绍一种基于OSGI家庭网关和UPNP AV架构扩展的媒体共享系统设计,实现家庭网络中多媒体设备的互操作,并且可以通过家庭网关上的虚拟服务器访问外部多媒体设备,同时为多媒体内容提供者提供一个强大的工具,使为用户提供多媒体服务更加智能化。多媒体提供者无需增加额外的设备和配置,不需要准备另外一个协议,使用原来的媒体传输协议就可以连接UPNP AV框架。本系统的服务器框架提供远程I/O服务让用户可以通过手持设备远程控制和访问系统中的多媒体资源。     

基于UPnP协议栈的嵌入式家庭媒体适配器的研究与设计*

研究并设计了一种基于UPnP协议的嵌入式家庭媒体适配器,它使传统的影音家电与网络媒体服务能够方便地互连,并实现零配置连接。该设计充分满足了数字家庭媒体内部和外部Internet的数据流和媒体流共享的需求。     

Service integration with UPnP agent for an ubiquitous home environment

Consumer electronics and intelligent appliances can be successful and widely used in a smart or ubiquitous home environment. Service integration had become an important issue for system development. In this paper, we present an approach for UPnP devices connecting to outer networks via UPnP aware gateway. We develop service on a smart campus network based on enhanced UPnP technologies as an example. Under such framework, intelligent system provides users individual information at the right place and the right time.     

互联网流量补贴模型研究与实例分析

随着移动互联网的不断发展,许多网络用户都使用智能手机或是平板电脑取代了传统的台式机作为首选的上网设备.相应地,用户对移动流量的需求增长也非常迅速.然而,由于高昂的访问成本,人们还是难以完全享受移动互联网带来的便利,已经在一定程度上阻碍了移动互联网的发展.从全局角度看,如何为互联网参与者们设计优化的流量分配方案已经成为一个关键问题.针对此问题,提出了一个新的基于互联网内容提供商与运营商合作的流量补贴模型DA(data allowance),共同为用户提供补贴.通过对该模型的经济学分析,得到以下结论：1)该模式能够在内容商、运营商、用户之间形成更具弹性的关系,能有效延长用户的活跃在线时间;2)提出的内容商补贴策略能够实现用户与内容商的双赢结果;3)流量补贴策略不是可以任意实施的,它有约束条件限制以保证补贴的有效性,能够对互联网内容商和运营商制定补贴策略提供有益参考.     

基于网关的ZigBee网络与Internet互联框架

针对如何将ZigBee网络与Internet紧密融合的问题,提出一种网关设计方案.介绍了工作在传输层的互联网关,在分析此网关不足的基础上,根据面向服务的网络中间件思想,提议网关的体系结构.包括服务注册、服务绑定、服务调用和取消服务4个模块,以实现为用户提供服务的透明性;同时,为了减少ZigBee网络节点占用的IP地址数目,服务调用模块中使用传输层网关的协议转换方式.该网关从网络协议和服务两个角度实现ZigBee网络和Internet网络的互联,通过分析和比较证明具有用户透明性、业务提供方便等特点.     

UPnP家庭网关配置管理的设计

提出了数字家庭网关可运营、可管理的应用模式。这种家庭网关打破了现有家用网关业务单一的局限,不仅具有数字家庭网络设备的互操作性,而且能将电信宽带服务直接延展、推送到家庭网络设备上,实现自动配置服务器对家庭网络设备的远程配置管理,促进电信网络与家庭网络的融合与互动。将家庭内外网络多服务的自动配置和终端管理技术,与UPnP协议框架相结合,家庭网关不仅可以实现设备“零配置”接入网络、网络“透明性”数据传输,而且能够为电信网络提供可运营管理的服务能力,符合数字家庭的发展趋势。     

远程访问UPnP网络的方法与实现

通过对已有远程访问UPnP网络方法进行的分析,提出了一种基于XMPP机制远程访问UPnP网络的方法,实现了对UPnP协议的无缝扩展.该方法由在局域网内的网关和在公共网络(例如Internet)的服务器组成,其中网关收集本地UPnP设备信息并通过服务器转发至远程网关,远程网关根据收到的信息创建对应的虚设备,代理远程控制点与设备间的交互.实验结果证明,在未对现有设备作任何修改的情况下,该方法能够透明的实现UPnP设备间的远程交互,且稳定性较高.     

Interaction of ISPs: Distributed Resource Allocation and Revenue Maximization

The Internet is a hierarchical architecture comprising heterogeneous entities of privately owned infrastructures, where higher level Internet service providers (ISPs) supply connectivity to the local ISPs and charge the local ISPs for the transit services. One of the challenging problems facing service providers today is how the profitability can be increased while maintaining good service qualities as the network scales up. In this work, we seek to understand the fundamental issues on the "interplay" (or interaction) between ISPs at different tiers. Although the local ISPs (which we term peers) can communicate with each other by purchasing the connectivity from transit ISPs, there stands an opportunity for them to set up private peering relationships. Under this competitive framework, we explore the issues on 1) the impact of peering relationship; 2) resource distribution; 3) revenue maximization; and 4) condition for network upgrade. First, a generalized model is presented to characterize the behaviors of peers and the transit ISP, in which their economic interests are reflected. We study how a peer can distributively determine its optimal peering strategy. Furthermore, we show how a transit ISP is able to utilize the available information to infer its optimal pricing strategy, under which a revenue maximization is achieved. Two distributed algorithms are proposed to help ISPs to provide a fair and efficient bandwidth allocation to peers, avoiding a resource monopolization of the market. Last, we investigate the above issues in a "many-peers region," that is, when we scale up the network. We provide insightful evidence to show that the ISPs can still gain profits as they upgrade the network infrastructures. Extensive simulations are carried out to support our theoretical claims.     

高QoS的家庭媒体分布式系统研究与设计

随着数字家庭概念的深入发展和家庭媒体网络的普及,对在网络中运行的媒体流的QoS(quality of service)性能提出了越来越高的要求。首先深入分析了现有基于UPnP(universalplug and play)架构的家庭网络在QoS方面的若干缺陷,然后提出一种新的设计方案——通过融合DLNA协议和新增模块从而达到监控网络资源状态、提供更高QoS性能的目的。     

Exploiting encrypted and tunneled multimedia calls in high-speed big data environment

Due to the rapid increase in the speed as well as the number of users over the Internet, the rate of data generation is enormously grown. In addition, at the same rate, the multimedia transmission especially the usage of VoIP calls is rapidly growing due to its cost effectiveness, dramatic functionality over the traditional telephone network and its compatibility with public switched telephone network (PSTN). In most of the developing countries, internet service providers (ISPs) and telecommunication authorities are concerned in detecting such calls to either block or prioritize commercial VoIP. Signature-based, port-based, and pattern-based detection techniques are inaccurate due to the complex and confidential security and tunneling mechanisms used by VoIP. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a generic, robust, efficient statistical analysis-based solution to identify encrypted and tunneled voice media flows. We extracted six statistical parameters, which are extracted for each flow and compared with threshold values while generating a number of rules to identify VoIP media calls. The paper also offers a complete architecture that can efficiently process high-speed traffic in order to detect VoIP flows at real-time. The proposed system, including the architecture and the algorithm, can be practically implemented in a real environment, such as ISP or telecommunication authority’s gateway. We implemented the system using the parallel environment of Hadoop ecosystem with Spark on the top of it to achieve the real-time processing. We evaluated the system by considering 1) the accuracy in terms of detection rate by computing the direct rate and false positive rate and 2) the efficiency in terms of processing power. The result shows that the system has 97.54% direct rate and .00015% false positive rate, which are quite high. The comparative study proved that the proposed system is more accurate than the existing techniques.

     

Integrating service discovery technologies in OSGi platform

This paper describes the service discovery and interaction for home network devices using heterogeneous standards and protocols. OSGi was proposed to allow several kinds of services coming from different providers to be loaded and run on a gateway. We present a residential gateway based on the OSGi architecture for a smart home network. We combine the SLP SA/DA, the UPnP control point and the SIP UA into the gateway to achieve automated device discovery, registry, and management. Application examples are introduced and the implementation results show that our gateway can provide automatic heterogeneous service or device discovery, registry, and management.     

Discovering users with similar internet access performance through cluster analysis

Users typically subscribe to an Internet access service on the basis of a specific download speed, but the actual service may differ. Several projects are active collecting internet access performance measurements on a large scale at the end user location. However, less attention has been devoted to analyzing such data and to inform users on the received services. This paper presents MiND, a cluster-based methodology to analyze the characteristics of periodic Internet measurements collected at the end user location. MiND allows to discover (i) groups of users with a similar Internet access behavior and (ii) the (few) users with somehow anomalous service. User measurements over time have been modeled through histograms and then analyzed through a new two-level clustering strategy. MiNDhas been evaluated on real data collected by Neubot, an open source tool, voluntary installed by users, that periodically collects Internet measurements. Experimental results show that the majority of users can be grouped into homogeneous and cohesive clusters according to the Internet access service that they receive in practice, while a few users receiving anomalous services are correctly identified as outliers. Both users and ISPs can benefit from such information: users can constantly monitor the ISP offered service, whereas ISPs can quickly identify anomalous behaviors in their offered services and act accordingly.     

WS-PGRADE/gUSE Generic DCI Gateway Framework for a Large Variety of User Communities

The WS-PGRADE/gUSE generic DCI gateway framework has been developed to support a large variety of user communities. It provides a generic purpose, workflow-oriented graphical user interface to create and run workflows on various DCIs including clusters, Grids, desktop Grids and clouds. The framework can be used by NGIs to support small user communities who cannot afford to develop their own customized science gateway. The WS-PGRADE/gUSE framework also provides two API interfaces (Application Specific Module API and Remote API) to create application-specific science gateways according to the needs of different user communities. The paper describes in detail the workflow concept of WS-PGRADE, the DCI Bridge service that enables access to most of the popular European DCIs and the Application Specific Module and Remote API concepts to generate application-specific science gateways.     

基于ATM和Internet的视频点播系统的设计与实现

本文探讨了基于ATM和Internet传输视频点播业务系统的基本原理和实验实现。该系统由业务代理器和交互工作单元组成,业务代理器控制系统内的资源分配及业务指南,交互工作单元在代理器的控制下实现各种功能转换,包括：数据流传输协议转换、比特率控制、业务网关转换、业务量监测。     

A game-theoretic evaluation of an ISP business model in caching

Internet traffic volume is increasing and this causes scalability issues in content delivery. This problem can be addressed with different types of caching solutions. The incentives of different stakeholders to pay for these solutions are not known. However, it has been identified that Internet service providers (ISPs) need to be involved in the process of cache deployment due to their ownership of the network. This work evaluates a new business model where ISPs charge content providers (CPs) for a caching service because CPs benefit from more efficient content distribution. We provide conditions for sustainable paid in-network caching and their numerical evaluation in order to aid strategic decision-making by CPs, ISPs, and Cloud storage providers (CSPs). Although ISP caching as a paid service may not be an equilibrium, it turns out to be Pareto optimal at the right pricing. This encourages cooperation between CPs and ISPs. CSPs may choose cache friendly physical locations for their facilities in order to provide the necessary capacity to the ISPs. However, the required amounts are in all likelihood too small to be an incentive for the CSPs. ISP caching as a paid service can be an equilibrium when future benefits are considered and when the ISPs terminate caching-related improvements of service quality for clients who do not pay for caching.     

基于ATM和Internet的视频点播系统的设计与实现

本文探讨了基于ATM和Internet传输视频点播业务系统的基本原理和实验实现。该系统由业务代理器和交互工作单元组成,业务代理器控制系统内的资源分配及业务指南,交互工作单元在代理器的控制下实现各种功能转换,包括：数据传输协议转换、比特率控制、业务网关转换、业务量监测。     

Pricing and capacity decisions for non-profit internet service providers

Many universities and other non-profit organizations started Internet dial-up access as a value-added service to their respective communities. The implementation and maintenance of these services becomes a nontrivial task, requiring large annual budgets to keep these systems up and running. The mandate for these non-profit entities is to recover the costs of providing their value added services in the long run while maintaining a guaranteed quality of service (QoS) level. The pricing and capacity planning problem of the non-profit Internet Service Providers (ISPs) has three difficult aspects. First, pricing based on cost recovery has inherent challenges. Second, the non-profit ISPs have to tackle the growth of unpredictable demand that calls for continuous capacity expansion. Third, capacity expansion in terms of Internet dial-up lines comes only in bulk units which typically exhibit economy of scale characteristics. Another critical issue of capacity expansion is the timing of the expansion since the installation of production-mode capacity requires lead-time. This paper proposes a Busiest-Minute Planning Model (BMPM) for the non-profit ISPs to effectively solve the aforementioned issues. The BMPM model provides non-profit ISPs a mechanism to determine the optimum capacity for a given QoS level. The mechanism can predict when existing capacity becomes saturated by taking into account the desired QoS and future demand change. The BMPM model proposed in this paper was tested using data from a non-profit ISP—The Northeast Regional Data Center (NERDC) of the State of Florida. The results suggest that our BMPM model is very effective in solving the pricing and capacity expansion decisions of NERDC and can be applied to other non-profit ISPs.     

Perimeter-based defense against high bandwidth DDoS attacks

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) is a major threat to the availability of Internet services. The anonymity allowed by IP networking, together with the distributed, large scale nature of the Internet, makes DDoS attacks stealthy and difficult to counter. To make the problem worse, attack traffic is often indistinguishable from normal traffic. As various attack tools become widely available and require minimum knowledge to operate, automated antiDDoS systems become increasingly important. Many current solutions are either excessively expensive or require universal deployment across many administrative domains. This paper proposes two perimeter-based defense mechanisms for Internet service providers (ISPs) to provide the antiDDoS service to their customers. These mechanisms rely completely on the edge routers to cooperatively identify the flooding sources and establish rate-limit filters to block the attack traffic. The system does not require any support from routers outside or inside of the ISP, which not only makes it locally deployable, but also avoids the stress on the ISP core routers. We also study a new problem of perimeter-based IP traceback and provide three solutions. We demonstrate analytically and by simulations that the proposed defense mechanisms react quickly in blocking attack traffic while achieving high survival ratio for legitimate traffic. Even when 40 percent of all customer networks attack, the survival ratio for traffic from the other customer networks is still close to 100 percent.