EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER BY FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION OF ELASTIC TUBE BUNDLES

1.　INTRODUCTIONThe flow-induced vibration isa general phenomenon in heatexchangers.Its mechanismconsists of vortex shedding,turbulentbuffeting,fluid elastic excitation,acoustic excitation,static pressure pulsation oftwo-phase-flow,etc.In thisaspect,a large quantity ofwork wasconducted,and many theoretical models and experiential discriminantswere putforward bylots of researchers(see Ref.[1 ] ) .The previous study mostly laid emphasis on the avoidanceof flow-induced vibration,however,its …     

COMPLEX HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BY FLUID INDUCED VIBRATION

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｈｅａｔｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｓｕｒｆａｃｅｃａｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｈｅａｔｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｐｅｒｆｏｒ ｍａｎｃｅ.Ｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｃａｎｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｆｌｕｉｄｐｅｒｔｕｒｂａｎｃｅ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｈｅａｔｔｒａｎｓ ｆｅｒ[1] .Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ ,ｐｅｏｐｌｅａｌｗａｙｓｉｎｄｕｃｅｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｂｙｔｈｅｏｕｔｅｒｅｎｅｒｇｙ ,ｉｔｃａｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅ…     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF HORIZONTAL TUBE BUNDLES IN VACUUM STATES

To develop an excellent heat transfer element under the vacuum condition,experiments about the heat transfer performance of horizontal tube bundles of different materials under various vacuum condition...     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARA-CTERISTICS OUTSIDE A PERIODICALLY VIBRATING TUBE

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics outside a vibrating tube were numerically simulated by the dynamic mesh method. The mechanism of heat transfer enhancement via periodic vibration of the tube was explored by using the field synergy principle. It is found that the field synergy angle between fluid velocity vector and temperature gradient vector for a periodically vibrating tube is significantly smaller than that for a stationary tube, and it changes approximately according to the sinusoidal law in a vibration period. The effect of time phase of the vibration on the field synergy angle and convective heat transfer coefficient were also discussed. Results indicate that the vibration can enhance heat transfer and this effect is more remarkable when time phase angle ranges between 50° and 1400 in a half period. Especially when the time phase angle is 90°, the average field synergy angle outside the tube reaches the minimum, which leads to the best heat transfer performance.     

Numerical analysis of shell-side flow-induced vibration of elastic tube bundle in heat exchanger

The responses of the flow-induced vibration of an elastic tube bundle subjected to the shell-side cross flow are investigated in this paper. The weak coupling method and the fluid solid interface are used to solve the fluid-structure interaction problem with consideration of the geometry and physical natures. The effects of the shell-side fluid flow velocity and the structural parameters on the flow-induced vibration are discussed. Numerical results demonstrate that the vibration frequency and amplitude at the monitor points increase with the increase of the shell-side water inlet velocity in all directions. The wall thickness and the external diameter of the elastic tube bundle have significant effects on the responses of the flow-induced vibration. The structural parameters affect the vibration frequency and amplitude, and the vibration equilibrium position in the water flow direction. The vibration frequency decreases with the increase of the tube external diameter. In addition, the vibration in the water flow direction has a lower equilibrium position when the elastic tube bundle has a larger wall thickness or smaller external diameter.     

Experimental study of shell side flow-induced vibration of conical spiral tube bundle

Conical spiral tube bundles are widely used in enhancing the heat transfer via the flow-induced vibration in heat exchangers. The shell side flow-induced vibration of the conical spiral tube bundle is ...     

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSVERSE VIBRATION OF CONICAL SPIRAL TUBE BUNDLE WITH EXTERNAL FLUID FLOW

The conical spiral tube bundle is a new type of heat transfer elements used to enhance heat transfer through flow-induced vibration. The effect of the external fluid flow on the transverse vibration of the conical spiral tube bundle is investigated with a mathematical method proposed in this article. Firstly, the natural vibration of the tube bundle is obtained by the hammering excitation method and the mode shapes of the transverse vibration are discussed. Then the effect of the external fluid flow on the transverse vibration of tube bundle is analyzed by a combination of experimental data, empirical correlations and FEM. The results show that in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 50 Hz, there exist six transverse vibrations. The external fluid flow has a significant effect on the frequency of the tube's transverse vibration, which are decreased by about 18% to 24% when the external fluid flow speed is 0.3 m/s.     

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LAMINAR FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A BUNDLE OF CYLINDERS

In this paper two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation governing incompressible laminar flow past a bundle of cylinders were numerically solved by using the finite element method.The velocity correction method was used for time advancement, and spatial discretization was carried out with the Galerkin weighted residual method.Viscous flows past the cylinder banks arranged in in-line cylinder bundles and staggered cylinder bundles, coupled with heat transfer, were investigated for pitch-diameter ratios of 1.5 and 2.0 and the Reynolds numbers from 50 to 500.Flow structures and heat transfer behavior were discussed.The results obtained agree well with available numerical data.     

凝汽器铜管氨腐蚀分析及其无铜化改造

全面分析了凝汽器铜管氨腐蚀机理及其影响因素,并探讨一定的防护措施,指出采用双面强化传热不锈钢管是凝汽器无铜化改造的最佳选择。基于此,利用水平式单管传热与流阻特性通用试验装置,以水蒸汽、水为工质,对2种钢质双面强化传热管———螺旋槽管和新近研制出的内螺旋外棘齿管进行了冷凝换热特性和流体动力学特性试验研究。依据试验结果,对采用双面强化传热不锈钢管的凝汽器改造方案进行了经济效益分析。基础试验结果表明:螺旋槽管的总传热系数要比光滑管提高10%~17%,内螺旋外棘齿管的总传热系数好于螺旋槽管,是光滑管的1.22~1.28倍;经济分析表明:采用不锈钢螺旋槽管的改造方案比不锈钢光滑管具有更好的综合技术经济性能。     

Vibration analysis of hydropower house based on fluid-structure coupling numerical method

By using the shear stress transport(SST)model to predict the effect of random flow motion in a fluid zone,and using the Newmark method to solve the oscillation equations in a solid zone,a coupling model of the powerhouse and its tube water was developed.The effects of fluid-structure interaction are considered through the kinematic and dynamic conditions applied to the fluid-structure interfaces(FSI).Numerical simulation of turbulent flow through the whole flow passage of the powerhouse and concrete structure vibration analysis in the time domain were carried out with the model.Considering the effect of coupling the turbulence and the powerhouse structure,the time history response of both turbulent flows through the whole flow passage and powerhouse structure vibration were generated.Concrete structure vibration analysis shows that the displacement,velocity,and acceleration of the dynamo floor respond dramatically to pressure fluctuations in the flow passage.Furthermore,the spectrum analysis suggests that pressure fluctuation originating from the static and dynamic disturbances of hydraulic turbine blades in the flow passage is one of the most important vibration sources.     

大型水轮机不稳定流体与结构耦合特性研究Ⅰ：耦合模型及压力场计算

为了分析压力脉动及其诱发的结构振动等不稳定问题,对大型水轮机在不稳定条件下的流固耦合算法进行了研究。建立了非定常条件下耦合问题的控制方程及其定解条件,探讨了耦合界面模型在耦合分析过程中的作用,提出了一种适合于大型水轮机不稳定压力场与结构场耦合分析的界面模型,分析了以求解转轮区压力脉动为主要目标的非定常湍流计算模式。结合某大型电站,建立了原型水轮机非定常耦合计算模型,详细给出了转轮区不稳定压力场的分布特征,为下一步开展结构动态响应分析奠定了基础。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THERMAL-HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF A CIRCULAR TUBE WITH EDGEFOLD-TWISTED-TAPE INSERTS

Three-dimensional numerical simulations and experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics and the pressure drop of air flow in a circular tube with Edgefold-Twisted Tape (ETT) inserts and with classic Spiral-Twisted-Tape (STT) inserts of the same twist ratio. The RNG turbulence model for mildly swirling flows, the enhanced wall treatment for low Reynolds numbers, and the SIMPLE pressure-velocity method were adopted to simulate the flow and heat transfer characteristics. Within the range of Reynolds number from 2 500 to 9 500 and the twist ratio y from 5.4 to 11.4, the Nusselt number of the tube with ETT inserts is found to be 3.9% ? 9.2% higher than that with STT inserts, and the friction factor of the tube with ETT inserts is 8.7% ? 74% higher than that of STT inserts. The heat enhancement is due to higher tangential velocity and asymmetrical velocity profile with the increase and decrease of the periodic velocity within an edgefold length. It is found that main factors affecting the heat transfer of ETT inserts are the twist angle and the gap width between the tube and inserts. A larger twist angle leads to a higher tangential velocity, and larger Nusselt number and friction factor. The thermal-hydraulic performance slowly decreases as the twist angle increases. The gap width between tube and inserts has a significant influence on the heat transfer, while little influence on pressure drops. The thermal-hydraulic performance increases in average by 124% and 140% when the gap width reduces from 1.5 mm to 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm. The larger the gap width, the higher velocity through the gap will be, which would reduce the main flow velocity and tangential velocity. So a small gap is desirable. Comparing experimental and numerical results at variable air flow and tube wall temperature, the numerical results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the experiment results, with difference of the Nusselt number in a range of 1.6% ? 3.6%, and that of the friction factor in a range of 8.2% ? 13.6%.     

矩形深水空心桥墩与实体桥墩的振动特性分析

基于流固耦合的有限元计算方法,考虑桥墩(空心、实体)和水域两个因素,对深水中矩形空心桥墩和实体桥墩的振动特性进行了分析,通过计算得到,裸水时,空心桥墩的低阶自振频增大,高阶自振频率降低;有水域时,水体降低了桥墩的自振频率,空心桥墩自振频率比实体桥墩降低的大;水体对实体桥墩的高阶模态影响较大,对空心桥墩的低阶模态影响远大于对高阶模态,这对水下桥墩的抗震措施有很大指导作用。     

振动边界耦合作用下基于微分求积法的三维不可压缩粘性流体的数值模拟

本文采用微分求积(DQ)法基于非交错网格建立在考虑流体-结构相互作用下求解三维不可压缩流体NavierStokes方程的数值方法。弹性振动边界为矩形薄板,诱发板振动的因素为作用在板上的脉动压力场,边界板的振动与流动形成耦合作用。数值结果给出了一箱形流道内雷诺数分别为100,1000和10000时的流场。大量分析表明．用本文方法模拟考虑流体一结构相互作用下的流动问题是可行的。     

腐蚀混凝土管道气液两相流非线性有限元分析

针对市政混凝土排水管道腐蚀问题,建立带承插口和橡胶圈的气液两相流腐蚀管道有限元模型,通过在管顶沿壁厚方向对混凝土弹性模量设置不同的折减系数来模拟管道腐蚀,同时对正常管道和腐蚀管道分别进行了流固耦合和多场耦合的非线性有限元分析。结果表明:由于管道承插口的存在,接头处的等效应力会突然增大,且在两端处增大幅度更大;考虑交通荷载和土压力多场耦合共同作用使插口在底部外表面表现为压应力,承口在顶部外表面的底部外表面表现为压应力,且多场耦合作用下承插口的最大主应力明显大于流固耦合;流体对管道的作用是有限的,但在考虑交通荷载和土压力多场耦合共同作用的情况下是不能忽略的;多场耦合作用使管道在管顶和管底呈现出应力集中的现象,腐蚀管道横截面的等效应力变化更快,应力集中现象更明显。     

基于ANSYS的护镜门振动特性分析

护镜门作为大孔口跨度的新式闸门,特殊的力学结构导致其振动特性较为复杂。以南京三汊河双孔护镜门为实例,针对闸门在动水中启闭时,闸门振动频率与闸门开度和振型阶数的关系,基于ANSYS模态分析模块,采用广义Westergaard公式模拟流固耦合中的附加质量,对于护镜门的振动特性进行研究。结果表明:在低阶模态时,考虑附加质量法的流固耦合模型基本符合真实工况;闸门有发生共振和动力失稳的风险,需要优化闸门结构和改进启闭机构。文章可为之后护镜门设计和优化提供参考。     

U形渡槽流固耦合动力作用研究

为了研究强震下渡槽的流固耦合动力作用,本文首先用VOF模型验证了渡槽内水体响应的非线性,然后通过位移有限元方法建立了U形渡槽流固耦合模型,并根据地震作用的特点构造了一组Ricker子波,分别计算了刚、柔性槽体模型的动力时程响应。计算结果表明,渡槽流固耦合动力作用的强度主要受流体晃动频率、槽体自振频率两个因素控制,当外界激励的频率接近这两个频率时,渡槽的流固耦合动力作用将变得十分显著;当激励频率达到水体晃动频率的2倍时,水体主要运动方式将由表面晃动转变为整体惯性运动;地震作用下水体动力响应的非线性可以忽略。这些现象在渡槽抗震设计中应当引起足够的关注。     

超高压水射流冲击岩石的流固耦合分析

根据流固耦合理论，建立了超高压水射流冲击破岩系统的数值分析理论模型。水射流采用标准k-ε双方程模型和控制体积法，岩石采用各向同性弹性介质和有限元法，给出了水射流与岩石耦合的数值算法。并按建立的理论模型计算了岩石在水射流速度为316.2m/s、447.2m/s、547.7m/s、632.5m/s冲击下流场规律和岩石内部的应力分布，为超高压水射流破岩机理的研究提供一种新的数值方法。     

排架式渡槽流 固耦合动力特性分析

本文分析了排架式渡槽横向流 固耦合动力特性，计算结果表明：排架式渡槽流 固耦合系统的模态可分为两类：一类为“流体振荡模态”，以流体的晃动为主，反映了流体固有晃动模态在耦合系统中的影响；另一类为“结构振荡模态”，以结构的振动为主，反映了结构固有振动模态在耦合系统中的影响。提出了两种特征值问题的计算方法，将其应用于实例计算，讨论了两种方法的优缺点。     

均匀来流中大长径比深海立管涡激振动特性

提出了一种对大长径比深海立管涡激振动特性进行三维耦合数值模拟的方法。其中,流场采用大涡模拟方法进行三维数值模拟,结构振动采用基于薄壳模型的有限元方法进行数值计算,并采用一种将流场和结构响应数据进行实时传输的新方法,实现了流体与固体之间的三维耦合数值模拟。在雷诺数Re=3400和11000下,对某长径比为1200的深海立管模型在均匀来流中的横向涡激振动特性进行了数值模拟与分析。结果表明,大长径比柔性立管的横向振动响应对其尾涡动力特性会产生显著影响,包括会出现涡泄频率显著增大和多频涡泄等复杂现象。尽管来流是均匀的,但立管的横向振动响应会出现明显的多模态特征,除了包含有与涡泄频率一致的振动响应外,还包含有其它频率成分的振动响应。特别地,还会出现多种高阶模态振动共存的非对称复杂弯曲变形等现象。研究表明,该方法为研究深海立管涡激振动特性及其工程预报的相关问题提供了一种有效的途径。