冰蓄冷空调系统运行特性的仿真实验研究

冰蓄冷技术作为一项"移峰填谷",平衡电网负荷的新技术,自20世纪90年代以来在中国得到大量应用,取得了良好的经济和社会效益.为进一步推动冰蓄冷空调技术的应用,研究切实可行的冰蓄冷空调系统的优化设计方法成为必需.本文建立一个1500 kWh蓄冷量的冰蓄冷设备模型,对冰蓄冷空调系统进行实验测试,并对实验数据进行了分析,所得结论可为今后冰蓄冷系统的设计选型及蓄冰空调的推广应用提供参考.     

冰蓄冷空调技术

本文介绍了冰蓄冷空调技术的基本原理、蓄冰模式及运行控制策略，直接蒸发和间接蒸发制冰设备及系统特点；通过工程应用实例分析了冰蓄冷空调技术的经济效益。     

冰蓄冷空调系统中控制技术分析

简述了HVAC系统控制的过程,并以一典型的冰蓄冷空调系统为例,详细分析了冰蓄冷空调系统中控制技术的应用过程,指出了控制中各环节的注意事项,探讨了冰蓄冷空调系统对缓解电力供应的重要意义。     

论冰蓄冷空调制冷系统的设计方法及其发展前景

本文阐明了冰蓄冷在现代空调制冷中极其广阔的发展应用前景;并指出冰蓄冷低温送风空调形式将成为九十年代和21世纪环球集中空调的“主导”系统之一。揭示了冰蓄冷空调所产生的社会效益与现实经济效益是十分巨大的;它将使空调人工气候环境向高科技高效率方向发展,使人类普及空调设施被电力困扰中解放出来,在转嫁高峰缓解电力供应上作出了特殊的贡献。同时,还提出最佳冰蓄冷空调系统的设计选择原则,并通过冰蓄冷空调系统的工作原理及其经济特性,预示着空调系列将朝着冰蓄冷形式发展的必然规律,人工气候环境则会充满冰蓄冷空调的世界！     

冰蓄冷空调在天津市的发展前景

介绍了冰蓄冷技术在国内外的发展状况及天津市推广应用冰蓄冷空调现状.从峰谷电价上对蓄冷空调的经济性能进行了计算分析,说明当前天津市的峰谷电价政策有利于冰蓄冷空调的推广.对天津市发展冰蓄冷空调的潜力进行了分析,提出推广中可能存在的问题,建议加强宣传和政策引导,通过工程实测和产品开发等手段促进冰蓄冷空调的应用.     

冰蓄冷空调系统研究

本文主要阐述冰蓄冷空调系统原理及主要特点,系统的组成及制冰方式分类,冰蓄冷空调系统的设计、设备选型,评价标准,冰蓄冷空调变风量系统调节特性,以及冰蓄冷技术的发展方向。     

冰蓄冷在制冷空调中的应用前景与发展趋势

本文通过对冰蓄冷科学技术的考察与研究,提出要全面实现空调人工气候环境,只要各国政府重视制定用电峰谷政策,重视“节能”方针的贯彻,重视采用冰蓄冷技术在移峰填谷平衡缓解电力供应上的突出作用,一定能使人们在普及空调设施从电力困扰中解放出来的结论;并阐明了冰蓄冷在现代制冷空调中极其广阔的应用发展前景与其巨大的社会经济效益,并指出冰蓄冷区域供冷站与低温送风蓄冰空调方式,将成为21世纪集中空调的“核心”系统之一,是冰蓄冷空调发展的必然趋势。这对于发展冰蓄冷空调将起着积极作用。     

冰蓄冷技术研究现状与广阔的应用前景

本文阐明了冰蓄冷在当代空调制冷中有着广阔的发展应用前景,并指出冰蓄冷低温送风空调将成为九十年代和２１世纪世界集中空调的“主流”系统之一。     

论冰蓄冷空调制冷系统的设计方法及其发展前景

本文阐明了冰蓄冷在现代空调制冷中极其广阔的发展应用前景；并指出冰蓄冷低温送风空调形式将成为九十年代和２１世纪环球集中空调的“主导”系统之一。揭示了冰蓄冷空调所产生的社会效益与现实经济效益是十分巨大的；它将使空调人工气候环境向高科技高效率方向发展，使人类普及空调设施被电力困拢中解放出来，在转嫁高峰缓解电力供应上作出了特殊的贡献。同时，还提出最佳冰蓄冷空调系统的设计选择原则，并通过冰蓄冷空调系统的工作     

冰蓄冷低温送风与工位空调结合的探讨

简要介绍了在国际上应用日益广泛的冰蓄冷低温送风相结合的空调系统,同时解释了工位空调的概念,并在理论上进行了冰蓄冷低温送风与工位空调结合可行性分析,为今后进一步研究工位空调打下基础.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to