基于CGFFT和等效磁流法的天线近场测量方法研究

近场测量是一种重要的天线测量方法,该文采用一种等效磁流法的平面天线近远场变换方法,根据近场平面上测量的电场分布计算天线口径面上的等效磁流分布,进而得到空间任意位置的天线辐射分布。首先由等效原理建立天线口径面与近场扫描面的关系,得到表示近场与等效磁流的电场积分方程(EFIE)。通过矩量法(MOM)建立矩阵方程,引入共轭梯度(CG)法和迭代法求解;再利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)法,提高运行速度;最后根据格林公式计算得到天线远场方向图。为降低矩阵运算的工作量,提升测试工作效率,只对与天线辐射传播方向两个正交平面上进行采样测量,得到相应的E面和H面方向图。最后通过仿真验证方法的可行性,结果表明,等效磁流法反演的天线方向图和实际方向图在主瓣附近110°范围内具有良好的一致性,可以应用于天线近场测量。     

天线校准中关键电性能指标测试方法的研究

<正>一、关键电性能指标的测试天线的测量指标比较多,包括方向图、输入阻抗与驻波比、有效口径、有效高度、方向系数与增益、极化方式、相位中心、带宽等。本文主要从与电性能参数相关的方向图、输入阻抗与驻波比、增益、极化等四个电参数研究其测试原理及方法。1.方向图天线方向图也称为波瓣图,是表征天线辐射特性空间角度关系的三维图形,可形象地说明天线在不同方位角下的辐射状况。方向图通常取过三维方     

一种2.4GHz印刷单极天线的电磁辐射特性研究

建立了2.4 GHz单极天线的电磁辐射特性仿真模型,分析了天线的远场辐射方向图、辐射效率、实际增益等性能参数特性,研究了天线长度和高度与电磁辐射的关系.根据仿真的远场辐射特性与近场的对应关系设计了印刷单极天线,实测了其近场辐射特性.仿真和实验结果表明:所设计的天线具有最优的电磁辐射特性,为实际2.4 GHz天线设计提供了理论依据和实验指导.     

亚马逊热带雨林星载SAR天线方向图获取与应用

利用亚马逊热带雨林后向散射系数的稳定性可获取星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)俯仰向双程天线方向图并对SAR图像进行辐射校正.给出了基于亚马逊热带雨林星载SAR数据实现天线方向图的估值方法,并利用绝对校正后的SAR图像散射系数沿距离向的衰落特性获得了在轨天线波束指向偏差的估计.仿真结果表明了利用本文算法基于亚马逊热带雨林星载SAR数据获取俯仰向天线方向图的可靠性和稳定性.     

集合线对对数周期偶极子天线的影响

主要研究了对数周期偶极子天线．基于Pocklington积分方程和全域基函数，采用矩量法结合网络理论建立了天线算法模型；使用该模型计算了在天线阵和集合线共同作用下天线的辐射方向图，得出了集合线在不同频段上对天线辐射性能的影响，并通过截短延长线长度改善了天线低频段的辐射特性，增强了天线轴向方向性．     

基于遗传算法与粒子群优化法的机载合成孔径雷达天线赋形波束综合

采用了遗传算法和粒子群优化法两种现代进化算法对赋形波束天线进行了综合,得到了很好的结果,并比较了两种算法的优缺点.首先通过对宽测绘带的机载合成孔径雷达距离向回波特性的分析,给出了天线距离向赋形辐射方向图表达式.接着利用两种现代优化算法结合谢昆若夫法对天线阵分别进行综合,得到了近似相等的天线各单元激励幅度和相位.然后选择5个单元激励并利用微带贴片天线阵列实现了赋形波束方向图,实验结果和理论优化结果基本吻合,从而证明了这两种现代进化算法对赋形天线方向图综合方法的有效性.     

基站天线设计中±45°双极化方向图的计算方法及验证

采用±45°双极化基站天线可以显著减少基站天线数量,保证良好的分集接收效果.尽管双极化基站天线的辐射方向图是设计时关注的一个重要指标,然而目前常见仿真设计软件一般不能直接给出这种天线在水平面和垂直面的±45°双极化方向图.为此本文首先理论分析了±45°双极化基站天线方向图的合成方法,在获知球坐标中θ和φ电场分量的条件下,给出了合成场的±45°双极化分量表达式.利用CST电磁仿真软件中建立的一个基站天线方向图测量仿真模型,对该计算方法进行了验证.仿真和计算结果高度一致,证实了该计算方法的可靠性和正确性.     

基于菱形单元的宽带微带栅格阵列天线设计

本文设计了一款新型微带栅格阵列天线.为了拓展天线带宽,辐射单元采用非均匀尺寸的菱形结构,在介质基板与地板间加入空气层,采用探入式同轴探针对天线进行馈电.单元间微带传输线采用正弦曲线结构,极大地减小了天线的辐射口径.天线面积为290×205 mm^(2),共包含7个菱形辐射单元.通过建模仿真和扫参分析,结果表明,天线的阻抗带宽(|S_(11)|<-10 dB)为13.0%(2.30 GHz~2.62 GHz).在工作频率2.45 GHz处,天线的最大增益达到15.4 dBi,交叉极化小于-25 dB,旁瓣电平低于-15.6 dB.     

一种低交叉极化小口径超宽带天线的设计

在高精度近场法天线测量、平面波发生器应用等场合,工作频段通常受限于近场探头。为了克服开口波导探头的带宽限制,出现了基于Vivaldi天线的超宽带、小口径天线作为近场探头。然而,常见的Vivaldi天线是非对称结构,导致交叉极化性能较差。设计了一款低交叉极化小口径超宽带天线,采用5层对称结构改进了传统Vivaldi天线的非对称性,利用贝塞尔曲线设计渐变槽辐射结构、加载电阻和贴片以及刻蚀矩形斜槽,减小了交叉极化比和天线驻波,改善了天线辐射方向性图。该探头口径宽70 mm、长201 mm,在0.9～6 GHz频段内天线仿真所得交叉极化比优于40.9 dB,增益为-5.5～9.53 dBi,端口反射系数幅度低于-10 dB,其辐射方向性图在全频段不开裂、主波束指向不变。     

超宽带陷波差分天线

本文提出了一种具有阻带特性的超宽带(UWB)差分天线.通过在超宽带天线的接地板上增加两个对称的C形金属带(TSCSCS),实现超宽带的阻带特性,通过调整TSCSCS的长度可以调节阻带的中心频率,同时,TSCSCS也提高了天线在高频段的增益.天线的测量结果表明,天线的带宽为3.25~10.8GHz,阻带为5.9~7.25 GHz.在整个工作频带内,天线的辐射方向图较稳定且有较高的增益,最高增益达5.53dBi.     

工作用辐射温度计检定中若干技术问题的研究

针对辐射温度计检定中的有关测量距离、瞄准方法和附加光阑等技术问题进行了讨论。根据检定温度不同,提出了利用测量信号的最大化和最小化原理来确定最佳测量距离的方法。对瞄准腔底和瞄准腔口两种瞄准方法进行了比较与分析,得出瞄准腔底的方法具有更大的可靠性和准确性。此外,针对辐射源尺寸效应（SSE）,给出了由SSE而产生的温度修正公式。     

天线振动对大气激光通信误码率影响的仿真

大气激光通信系统的误码率不仅受到振动时振幅大小的影响,而且受到光学发射天线孔径的影响。通过数值仿真,分析了孔径分别为 17.5mm, 20mm, 25mm 的光学发射天线,在其振动时对大气激光通信误码率的影响。分析表明,在一定距离下,选取产生大光斑的孔径,能提高系统对振动的抗干扰性。这为合理选择光学发射天线的孔径提供了理论依据。     

Power collection of a laser diode elliptical beam by a decentered circular aperture

The elliptical beam of a laser diode is collected by a circular aperture decentered with respect to the beam. The fractional optical power collected is calculated and measured as a function of the decentered distance, beam size, and aperture size. The calculation results agree well with the measurement results. An application example of the results is described.     

Aperture-coupled asymmetrical c-shaped slot microstrip antenna for circular polarisation

A novel aperture-coupled, asymmetrical C-shaped slot, square microstrip antenna is proposed for circular polarisation (CP). A narrow and asymmetrical C-shaped slot, microstrip antenna is fed at the centre using an aperture coupling to obtain a CP operation. The compactness of the antenna is easily obtained by inserting a C-shaped slot. Wide CP radiation is achieved simply by making the C-shaped slot asymmetrical. With this antenna, the measured 3 dB AR bandwidth is around 3.3% and the 10 dB return loss bandwidth achieved is 16.0%. The overall antenna size is 0.48λo x 0.48λo x 0.092λo at 2.4 GHz. The proposed slot microstrip patch technology is useful to design compact, broadband, circularly polarised antennas and arrays.     

Experimental investigation of the performance of an annular aperture and a circular aperture on the same very-small-aperture laser facet

A very-small-aperture laser (VSAL) with a circular aperture has a trade-off between the spot size and the output power. A nanometric annular aperture is fabricated to overcome this difficulty. The advantages of the annular aperture are demonstrated by measuring and comparing its near-field intensity distribution with that of a circular aperture. These apertures are fabricated on the same VSAL to ensure that they are under the same illumination conditions. The experimental results indicate that an annular aperture produces a smaller spot size and a higher peak intensity than a circular aperture. The confinement effect and the enhancement effect are attributed to the convergence of the power flow that passes through the annular aperture. The observed enhancement effect decreases when the distance from the VSAL facet is increased, but it does not vanish even when the distance is as large as 3.5 microm.     

红外辐射温度计瞄准的平面辐射源模型

用典型红外辐射温度计的辐射源尺寸效应的实验数据说明不同测量条件下的检定/校准结果的差异可能为其最大允许误差绝对值的数倍。提出具有明确测量条件的平面辐射源瞄准模型和以辐射源前置光阑的方式对于不同空腔黑体辐射源实现相同的等效平面源直径的方法,提出了对光阑的技术特性和放置距离要求,分析表明低温辐射源对光阑的冷却作用可能引起不可忽略的示值降低。采用等效平面源模型的实验结果表明以不同几何条件的空腔黑体辐射源可得到一致的检定结果。讨论了应用平面辐射源模型可能遇到的实际技术问题和解决的对策。     

Design and implementation of low sidelobe substrate integrated waveguide longitudinal slot array antennas

Low sidelobe longitudinal slot array antennas are investigated based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The design method consists of the characterisation of the radiating element, the synthesis of the linear array and the development of the planar array including a feeding power divider by performing fullwave electromagnetic simulations for the final accurate design. Two planar slot array antennas are fabricated with a normal printed circuit board (PCB) process. Low sidelobe features are verified by the measured results which are in agreement with the simulated results. For an 8 x 8 SIW slot array antenna, the measured sidelobe levels (SLLs) are below 236 dB in the H-plane and below 225 dB in the E-plane with the Gain of 20.3 dB at 9.9 GHz. And for a 16 x 16 antenna, the SLLs are below 230 dB both in the E-plane and H-plane with the Gain of 24.4 dB at 10 GHz. The achieved design goals on the radiation patterns therefore validate the proposed low sidelobe SIW slot array antennas to be valuable candidates for high performance communication and radar applications.     

In-flight experiment for combined planar antennas and solar cells (SOLANT)

An in-flight experiment to validate advanced solar antenna structures (SOLANT) in space is presented. Two different antennas have been designed and manufactured, one for global positioning system (GPS) reception and one for S-band beacon transmission. Both units use slot aperture radiators embedded in identical mechanical structures. The GPS antenna has been designed to generate an omni-directional radiation pattern with righthanded circular polarisation thus fulfilling NavStar specifications. The S-band beacon antenna is based on a four-element circularly polarised array providing 6 dBic of gain. These antennas are integrated within two solar panels, which form the upper layer of the antenna structure. The two panels are identical, make use of gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells arranged in two strings and provide a peak power of 10 W each. The SOLANTs were launched, fixed to a Cosmos payload adapter and remained operative for 2 years, well beyond their expected lifetime. This study summarises the design and performance tests performed prior the launch and during the orbital operation.     

Millimeter-Wave Phaseless Antenna Characterization

Phaseless antenna characterization at millimeter-wave frequencies is an awkward task for a number of reasons. First, suitable network analyzers appropriately working at a high frequency, as well as a complex hardware ensuring high positioning and alignment accuracies, are required. Furthermore, the characterization algorithm should be reliable and accurate and should require a reasonable measurement time, which is a key issue in the millimeter and submillimeter ranges. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm that faces this problem by exploiting the available a priori information on the shape and size of the antenna. The reliability, accuracy, and stability of the approach reside on ldquoeffectiverdquo expansions of the unknown aperture field distribution, reducing the ldquoeffectiverdquo number of unknowns. ldquoFastrdquo acquisitions are enabled by nonuniformly distributed near-field measurements. Rectangular and circular apertures are dealt with by introducing prolate spheroidal wave functions and a Jacobi-Bessel series representation of the aperture field, respectively. The performances of the approach and its effectiveness in the millimeter frequency range are proven by the experimental results at 40, 94, and 100 GHz, made at the Antenna Laboratory of the University of Napoli Federico II, on horn antennas and a Cassegrain reflector.     

Artificial Magnetic Conductor as Planar Antenna for 5G Evolution

A 5G wireless system requests a high-performance compact antenna device. This research work aims to report the characterization and verification of the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) metamaterial for a high-gain planar antenna. The configuration is formed by a double-side structure on an intrinsic dielectric slab. The 2-D periodic pattern as an impedance surface is mounted on the top surface, whereas at the bottom surface the ground plane with an inductive narrow aperture source is embedded. The characteristic of the resonant transmission is illustrated based on the electromagnetic virtual object of the AMC resonant structure to reveal the unique property of a magnetic material response. The characteristics of the AMC metamaterial and the planar antenna synthesis are investigated and verified by experiment using a low-cost FR4 dielectric material. The directional antenna gain is obviously enhanced by guiding a primary field radiation. The loss effect in a dielectric slab is essentially studied having an influence on antenna radiation. The verification shows a peak of the antenna gain around 9.7 dB at broadside which is improved by 6.2 dB in comparison with the primary aperture antenna without the AMC structure. The thin antenna profile of λ/37.5 is achieved at 10 GHz for 5G evolution. The emission property in an AMC structure herein contributes to the development of a low-profile and high-gain planar antenna for a compact wireless component.