基于本体和局部共现的查询扩展方法

将语义扩展与统计扩展相结合,提出了一种基于本体和局部共现的查询扩展方法,该方法利用本体和局部共现分别得到语义候选扩展概念集和统计候选扩展概念集,对这两个扩展集进行二次筛选以得到最终的查询扩展概念;并给出了一种计算扩展词权重的方法。实验结果表明,扩展后的查询更能反映用户的查询请求,在设计的语义检索系统中,该方法能有效提高查全率和查准率。     

基于本体和局部上下文分析的查询扩展方法

语义查询扩展中存在语义边界确定困难的问题。为此,提出一种基于本体和局部上下文分析的查询扩展方法。在本体扩展得到候选扩展概念的基础上,改进筛选函数,结合局部上下文对候选扩展概念集进行二次筛选。实验结果表明,与基于本体的查询扩展方法相比,该方法的查询性能较高。     

基于本体的查询扩展研究

查询扩展是优化信息检索的一种有效方法。基于关键词的查询扩展对语义信息的忽略为结果带来了不好的影响,因而提出一种基于本体的查询扩展方法。首先建立本体模型,通过计算本体中的概念语义相似度和实例语义相似度,实现语义查询扩展。     

基于PMI-IR的联想词表构造方法研究

通过对大规模查询日志进行挖掘分析进而提高检索的准确率一直是信息检索领域的热点问题。文章提出一种基于PMI-IR（逐点互信息方法）的联想词表构造方法。该方法利用序列模式挖掘算法扫描大规模用户查询日志,获取共现频次超过某一阈值的词组合,进行聚类获取候选同义词集,然后依次计算词wordA与每个候选词的相似度,选择相似度高于某一阈值的词作为词wordA的联想词集,最后形成联想词表。实验表明,借助该方法得到的联想词表进行扩展查询提高了检索的准确率。     

网络教学平台中问答系统的关键技术研究

提出采用一种基于本体知识库,利用领域本体知识全面权衡用户查询概念的各种关联,对关键词进行相似度和相关度扩展,结合相关度与相似度的查询扩展方法,并通过本体推理机和自定义推理规则抽取答案的问答系统并应用到网络教学平台。     

基于隐马尔可夫模型的查询扩展方法

对查询进行扩展的目的是找出查询中的潜在语义,确定用户意图,进而构造更适合于搜索引擎检索的查询语句,以提高检索的准确率。提出利用隐马尔可夫模型预测查询中的潜在语义的方法,该模型在大规模用户查询日志上进行训练。由该模型预测出的扩展语句查询的准确率较词共现扩展、同义词扩展等方案均有明显提升。     

一种基于Rough本体的信息检索方法

基于本体的信息检索是实现知识检索的有效途径,针对目前本体支持的形式化概念还不足以表示不完备知识的问题,提出一种基于Rough本体的信息检索方法,该方法中本体以本体信息系统的形式表示。用户提交关键字查询后,首先结合基于关键字检索的方法在预先定义的语义文档空间中搜索文档,然后利用关联搜索的方法来搜索与关键词关联的个体集和属性集,以属性集作为等价类构造Rough本体的近似空间,最后通过近似空间计算个体集和文档集的相似度,根据相似度高低对文档排序。实验表明,此方法比基于关键字和基于经典本体的方法有更高的查准率。     

基于本体的语义查询优化

Web信息检索技术已经在全世界广泛应用,然而,搜索引擎的查全率和查准率却不能够令用户满意,因此提出了一种基于通用本体WordNet的语义层次结构.通过计算和分析查询关键字与本体库的映射达到查询优化的目的.该方法通过建立一个简单的语法树并且索引WordNet,对查询关键字词法特性和本体实例之间语义关联强弱进行扩展和分析,提高了查询关键字到本体概念映射的完整性和准确率,进而帮助搜索引擎对用户的意图作出有效推测.实验表明,该方法可以有效地优化查询.     

基于语义查询扩展的垂直搜索研究

基于关键词的搜索引擎无法满足用户需求,传统查询扩展方式又会带来许多语义理解错误,针对该问题,提出一种基于本体的垂直搜索引擎概念模型,建立基于关键词和基于概念的两层索引结构,利用行业领域本体对用户提交的关键词进行语义查询扩展,并对按照本体标注的文档进行排序优化,提高查询的查全率和查准率。     

一种基于本体概念语义相似度的查询优化方法

文章提出一种优化查询方法,该方法将本体概念语义相似度和词法之间的关系相结合。先利用语法特征对用户输入的关键字进行扩展,然后通过分析语义相似度的强弱对扩展的结果进行收敛,以这种方式来提高用户输入的关键字和本体映射的准确性和完整率。传统搜索引擎不能很好地理解用户的意图的缺陷通过此方法可以得到有效解决。同时文章针对方法实现了优化查询系统,结果显示,搜索的准确率得到有效提升。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.