电纺丝技术制备无机/有机复合纳米纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝法是一种利用聚合物溶液或熔体在强电场中进行喷射纺丝的加工技术,是获得纳米尺寸长纤维的有效方法之一。目前电纺丝技术逐渐转移到无机/有机纳米复合纤维的制备方面。回顾了近年来电纺丝技术制备无机/有机复合纳米纤维的研究进展,包括:半导体纳米粒子/聚合物复合纳米纤维的制备,无机氧化物纳米粒子/聚合物复合纳米纤维的制备以及贵金属纳米粒子/聚合物复合纳米纤维的制备。     

静电纺丝技术发展简史及应用

静电纺丝现已成为一种重要的纳米纤维成形技术,制备的纳米纤维也得到了广泛应用。介绍了静电纺丝技术的基本原理及发展历程,以及采用静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维品种、纳米纤维的应用领域等。采用静电纺丝技术可以制备各种不同结构和形态的纳米纤维,如有机纳米纤维、有机/无机杂化复合纳米纤维、无机纳米纤维、碳纳米纤维等;通过静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维因具有特殊结构和优异性能,在过滤材料、能源材料、生物医用材料、传感器和光催化等领域得到广泛应用。今后在完善实验室技术的基础上,应加强静电纺丝技术的产业化研究。     

聚丙烯腈/氧化铁纳米粒子复合纳米纤维的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备了一种聚丙烯腈(PAN)/氧化铁(Fe_2O_3)纳米粒子复合纳米纤维。不同分子量的PAN得到不同直径的纤维薄;将PAN的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液(DMF)与纳米Fe_2O_3混合得到PAN/Fe_2O_3溶液,然后利用静电纺丝技术制备PAN/Fe_2O_3纳米粒子复合纳米纤维;将静电纺丝制备的PAN纳米纤维膜与氯化铁(FeCl_3)溶液在不同p H条件下水热合成PAN/Fe_2O_3纳米粒子复合纳米纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)对纳米纤维膜进行表征。结果表明:静电纺丝制备的PAN纳米纤维在水热条件下可以一定程度上克服Fe_2O_3纳米粒子易团聚问题。     

静电纺丝的技术进展

简述了静电纺丝的原理、装置及发展历程;比较了溶剂静电纺丝法和熔融静电纺丝法;介绍了静电纺丝法的技术进展。指出在熔融型静电纺丝法的研究中,开发了具有激光加热部的熔融型静电纺丝装置,进一步突破了纳米纤维的制造技术。随着纳米技术的不断发展,静电纺丝法制造的纳米纤维应用广泛,其发展前景看好。     

静电纺丝技术制备无机功能复合纳米纤维的研究进展

目前,静电纺丝技术是唯一能够直接、连续制备聚合物纳米纤维的方法。随着功能材料的发展,单一组分的聚合物纳米纤维在功能上已经不能满足现有的应用领域。由于一些纳米无机功能粉体在光学、电学、催化等方面具有优越的性能,因此逐渐发展成在聚合物中加入纳米级无机功能粉体,采用静电纺丝技术可以得到无机复合纳米纤维,不仅满足了原有的应用性能,而且在一些特殊的领域能够表现出更加优越的性能。为此本文概述了静电纺丝技术在无机复合纳米纤维制备方面的最新研究进展,分析了静电纺丝工艺在制备无机复合纳米纤维方面存在的主要问题。最后指出了静电纺丝技术制备硅藻土复合纳米纤维所面临的问题,以及应该采取的对策。     

静电纺丝技术及其在水处理中的应用

根据静电纺丝采用的聚合物原料的类型、静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维的特殊结构的种类、制备有序排列的纳米纤维的方法以及制备三维结构纳米纤维的进展4方面对静电纺丝技术进行了叙述,归纳了静电纺丝技术在水处理中微粒物质的、重金属污染物的去除和污染物检测方面的应用.认为目前限制静电纺丝技术发展有2个主要问题,即没有明确的理论指导,一些原理尚未搞清;制备的纳米纤维产量低下,难以工程化、规模化.     

静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

静电纺丝接收装置和辅助电极的研究进展

介绍了圆柱状转鼓、凝固池、旋转圆盘框架、相对圆环、平行电极等静电纺丝的接收装置;简述了刀锋型、平行、圆筒型及其改进的静电纺丝辅助电极;分析了接收装置和辅助电极对静电纺丝制备微/纳米纤维外貌观形貌和性能的影响;通过对静电纺丝接收装置的改进和增加辅助电极,可获得不同形态和结构的微/纳米纤维。     

中国专利

<正>一种高耐热聚合物纳米复合纤维薄膜制备方法本发明利用静电纺丝技术成功制得高耐热纳米级复合纤维薄膜,属于薄膜的改性领域。方法如下:分别制备聚偏氟乙烯和聚醚酰亚胺溶液,将聚偏氟乙烯与聚醚酰亚胺按质量比为9∶1混合得到均相纺丝溶液。利用静电纺丝技术将所制均相纺丝溶液进行纺丝成膜,烘干,即得到热稳定性能高的聚偏氟乙烯/聚     

高性能纤维及其他合成纤维

20125150PVA-碳纳米管复合纳米纤维的静电纺:加工参数的影响Molnar kolos…;Materials Science Forum,2008,589(Materials Science,Testing and Information IV),p.221(英)聚乙烯醇-碳纳米管(CNT)复合纳米纤维采用常规和无针静电纺丝法加工。研究了加工参数对纤维加工性的影响,通过表面张力和导电性的测量对研究结果作了评价。采用SEM研究了纤维的表面形态。研究认为,对无针静电纺丝而言。     

Role of polymeric composite in civil engineering applications: a review

ABSTRACT

This is an up-to-date review on civil engineering application of polymeric composites filled with cement and fillers. Various combinations of polymer, glass fiber, and carbonaceous fillers have been considered as polymer/cement/carbon black, polymer/cement/carbon black/glass fiber, polymer/cement/carbon nanotube, polymer/cement/carbon nanotube/glass fiber, polymer/cement/graphite, and polymer/cement/graphite/glass fiber. These composites have gained significance due to high durability, dimensional stability, strength, non-flammability, and thermal characteristics. The cementitious composites have been applied in civil/infrastructural applications such as columns, beams/slabs for buildings, foundations, and bridges. Moreover, polymer/cement composites are used as basic construction material for neutron shielding, coal power plants, oil plants, water barrels, etc.     

A Review on Polymeric Nanocomposites of Nanodiamond,Carbon Nanotube,and Nanobifiller: Structure,Preparation and Properties

In this review, an overview of various types of nanofillers is presented with special emphasis on structure, synthesis and properties of carbon nanotube, nanodiamond, and nanobifiller of carbon nanotube/nanodiamond, carbon nanotube/graphene oxide and carbon nanotube/graphene. In addition, polymer/carbon nanotube, polymer/nanodiamond, and polymer/nanobifiller composites have been discussed. The efficacy of different fabrication techniques for nanocomposites (solution casting, in-situ, and melt blending method) and their properties were also discussed in detail. Finally, we have summarized the challenges and future prospects of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanofillers hoping to facilitate progress in the emerging area of nanobifiller technology.     

Shear-controlled electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes networks suspended in low and high molecular weight liquids

Controlling the electrical conductivity is a critical issue when processing material systems consisting of an insulating matrix filled with conductive particles. We provide experimental evidence that given shear rates result in specific conductivity levels in such different systems as high-viscosity carbon nanotube/polymer melt or low-viscosity carbon nanotube/epoxy fiber suspensions. The steady-state conductivities are independent of the initial state of the dispersion. The observed behavior is modeled phenomenologically by the competition between build-up and destruction of conductive filler network. A particle-level simulation of flowing fiber suspension also reflects the observed behavior. Our results show that properties of particulate suspensions can be controlled by steady shear. They should be considered to obtain reproducible properties in shear-based processing technologies as injection molding or resin transfer molding.     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的进展及应用

简述了静电纺丝的制备原理和影响静电纺丝纤维成形的主要工艺因素;介绍了静电纺丝法制备高分子聚合物、生物大分子、无机物纳米纤维的最新进展,以及这些纳米纤维在过滤、传感器、超疏水性材料、生物医用功能材料、纳米模板等领域的应用;指出静电纺丝制备纳米连续长丝技术亟待发展。     

碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈复合纤维的制备及结构研究

通过原位聚合的方法制备了碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈(CNTs/PAN)聚合液,用湿法纺丝工艺制备了CNTs/PAN复合纤维,分析了复合纤维流变性能、热性能及截面形貌。结果表明:CNTs的加入使得聚合物溶液出现了假凝胶化,粘度和弹性均有所上升,纺丝时溶液细流的表层遇水迅速凝固成致密的皮层,影响了纤维芯部的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和水的双扩散作用,凝固丝出现了很明显的皮芯结构,CNTs的加入还使得纤维预氧化放热过程得到了缓和。     

Effect of Halloysite Nanotube Incorporation in Epoxy Resin and Carbon Fiber Ethylene/Ammonia Plasma Treatment on Their Interfacial Property

Abstract

Effects of halloysite nanotube (HNT) loading of up to 2% in epoxy resin on its mechanical properties were characterized. The interfacial property of the resin with carbon fiber nanocomposite was also studied. Single fiber composite (SFC) technique was used to characterize the carbon fiber/epoxy resin interfacial shear stress. Carbon fibers were also coated with ammonia/ethylene plasma polymer to obtain a thin coating of the polymer with amine groups that could react with the epoxy and thus improve the interfacial property. The results indicated that the Young’s modulus of HNT containing nanocomposites increased slightly up to a loading of 0.25% after which it started to decrease. The tensile strength, however, steadily decreased with increasing of HNT loading although the fracture strain did not change significantly. This might be related to the nanotube shape, size and clustering. The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was also increased slightly with HNT loading. The ethylene/ammonia plasma polymer coated fibers exhibited significantly higher IFSS by over 150%, independent of the HNT loading. The highest IFSS obtained was almost 79 MPa for plasma treated fibers. The results suggest that the carbon fiber/epoxy interface is not affected by the incorporation of up to 1.5% of HNT. Furthermore, the fiber surface modification through plasma polymerization is an effective method to improve and control the IFSS.     

Exploitation of Nanobifiller in Polymer/Graphene Oxide–Carbon Nanotube,Polymer/Graphene Oxide–Nanodiamond,and Polymer/Graphene Oxide–Montmorillonite Composite: A Review

In this article, a comprehensive review is presented regarding structure, synthesis, and properties of nanofillers such as graphene oxide, nanobifiller of graphene oxide, and their polymeric nanocomposite. The information about hybrid properties and synthesis of graphene oxide–carbon nanotube, graphene oxide–montmorillonite, and graphene oxide–nanodiamond is presented. Use of nanobifiller in polymer/graphene oxide–carbon nanotube, polymer/graphene oxide–montmorillonite, and polymer/graphene oxide–nanodiamond composites was summarized. Area of polymer and graphene oxide-based nanobifiller composites is less studied in literature. Therefore, nanobifiller technology limitations and research challenges must be focused. Polymer/graphene oxide nanobifiller composites have a wide range of unexplored potential in technological areas such as automobile, aerospace, energy, and medical industries.     

Magnetized CNTs incorporated MBA cross-linked guar gum nano-composite for methylene blue dye removal

In the present work, a magnetized multiwalled carbon nanotube dispersed in chemically cross-linked gaur gum was developed as a nano-composite adsorbent material for the removal of dye from wastewater. The gaur gum, a bio-macromolecule was chemically modified by cross-linking with methylene bis-acrylamide in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a novel approach to prepare the gel matrix. The magnetite nanoparticles loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes were dispersed in methylene bis-acrylamide cross-linked gaur gum gel during gelation. The nano-composite was characterized for morphological, spectral, and analytical data. The solid form of the nano-composite was evaluated as an adsorbent material for the treatment of water containing methylene blue dye molecules as pollutants by the spectrophotometric method. Adsorption isotherm studies suggested that the Freundlich model was the befitting model for adsorption, indicating the multilayered adsorption and the kinetic study revealed the adsorption to occur by a pseudo-second-order kinetic process. The novel nano-composite is found to be a promising material for the adsorptive removal of dye molecules from dye-contaminated wastewater. The adsorption capacity was observed to be 11 mg/g of the material.     

聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的研究现状及在纤维中的应用

对聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的制备和性能研究现状及碳纳米管对聚合物的增强机理作了综述,并介绍了此纳米复合材料在复合纤维制备中的应用。     

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of Polymer/Nanodiamond,Polymer/Carbon Nanotube,and Polymer/Nanodiamond–Carbon Nanotube Nanobifiller Composite: A Review

In this review, properties and potential of carbon nanotube, nanodiamond, and nanodiamond–carbon nanotube hybrid nanobifiller have been discussed with reference to electromagnetic interference shielding materials. The nanodiamond and carbon nanotube nanofiller and nanodiamond–carbon nanotube nanobifiller have outstanding electrical, thermal, and mechanical features. Main focus of review was electromagnetic interference shielding phenomenon and its implication in polymer/nanodiamond, polymer/carbon nanotube, and polymer/nanodiamond–carbon nanotube nanobifiller composite. The epoxy/nanodiamond, epoxy/carbon nanotube, and epoxy/nanodiamond–carbon nanotube composites have been discussed with electromagnetic interference shielding shielding features. Thus, considerable enhancement in electromagnetic interference shielding shielding features was observed using higher nanodiamond, carbon nanotube, and nanodiamond–carbon nanotube loadings. Significance and future potential of these polymeric composite are specified.