关于曲线拟合的广义Bezier方法

基于Kirov逼近定理,研究了一类带有附加导数条件的广义Bezier曲线拟合方法。该方法可以在每个型值点再给出导数条件,因此与通常的Bezier曲线拟合相比,有更多的自由度,但其拟合曲线的次数仅比Bezier曲线高一次。这一方法有助于CAGD领域的工程人员采用Bezier技术达到控制所设计曲线形状的目的。     

基于粒子群三次样条优化的图像边缘描述算法

针对手工选点生成的三次样条曲线无法准确地描述图像边缘的问题,以粒子群三次参数样条曲线优化算法为基础对现有的图像边缘算法进行了改进。在图像边缘上取若干点作为样条曲线的型值点,利用粒子群算法对这些型值点进行优化,使得到的样条曲线对图像边缘有很好的贴合。实验表明,该算法不仅能够快速拟合样条曲线,而且优化后的样条曲线形态能较好地贴合图像边缘轮廓。     

NURBS曲线拟合的最小二乘渐进迭代逼近优化算法

为了使NURBS曲线更精确地拟合散乱数据点,提出了一种基于最小二乘渐进迭代逼近(least square progressive and iterative approximation,LSPIA)的NURBS曲线拟合优化算法.首先,确定一条初始NURBS曲线,利用LSPIA算法优化控制顶点;然后,分别优化数据点参数,拟合曲线的节点和权因子,每优化好一个变量,重新优化控制顶点;最后,经多次优化迭代得到高精度的NURBS拟合曲线.在优化每类变量时,为了避免被其他变量影响,保持其他变量不变.基于LSPIA的NURBS曲线拟合优化算法充分利用了LSPIA算法的优点,在迭代过程中,可以重复使用前一迭代步骤得到的控制顶点等数据,从而节省了运算时间.算法实例表明,该算法能获得一定保形效果.     

曲线曲面拟合中型值点参数的最优化

曲线、曲面光顺拟合的关键是寻找与型值点相应的最优参数,然后即可按最小二乘法通过建立最佳拟合方程来求出控制顶点.现有的各种参数选取法,由于没有体现最优参数的几何特征,从而使得最终的拟合精度偏低和计算的时间复杂性偏大.为了提高曲线、曲面拟合精度和计算速度,提出了一种型值点参数最优化的算法,该算法先利用点到曲线、曲面的正交投影,结合参数坐标邻域的搜索来提高计算速度,然后在曲线、曲面的迭代过程中不断修正参数,最终产生具有明显几何意义的型值点参数,以达到最佳拟合效果.与Hoschek,Carlos以及Piegl等算法的拟合结果比较表明,该算法迭代次数减少了10%～90%,计算时间复杂度降低了20%～70%,计算精确度提高了40%左右.     

隐式B样条曲线拟合的加权PIA算法

为了使拟合数据点的曲线生成速度更快、误差更小,提出一种隐式B样条曲线拟合数据点的加权PIA算法.首先,用待拟合数据点以及给定法向量生成偏移点集.然后,通过偏移点集构造差分向量,从而得到需要调整的误差控制系数,为了使迭代效率更高,在迭代过程中对误差控制系数做加权处理.最后,用最新的控制系数矩阵得到拟合数据点的曲线.文中5个数值算例采用均匀节点序列,实验结果表明,在相同迭代次数下,相对于I-PIA算法,该算法得到的拟合曲线误差值更小,曲线能更好保特征.     

杂乱点云的快速曲线拟合算法研究

针对杂乱点云的曲线拟合问题，根据Bezier曲线原理，给出了一种改进的曲线拟合算法。算法在保持曲面特征基本信息的前提下，先对测量到的杂乱点云进行平行切割，再对切割后的截线云进行插入排序，然后从中选点用Bezier曲线来拟合、逼近截线云。实践证明，该算法高效、稳定，可以快速地重构出三维形体的特征曲线。     

Approach for automatic font outline generation of NüShu

针对点阵字形存储量大、缩放字形质量难以保证的缺点, 对将女书点阵字形自动转换成曲线轮廓字形的方法进行了研究。首先提取女书轮廓数据; 然后提出了一种基于最大误差值的特征点提取方法; 最后用直线和二次Bezier曲线拟合字形轮廓段, 存储曲线轮廓数据, 从而得到用曲线描述的女书字形。实验结果表明, 该方法计算简单, 大大减少了存储空间, 拟合出来的曲线和原字形轮廓一致, 同时也消除了因手写而造成的毛刺现象, 为在计算机中处理女书奠定了基础。     

一种女书曲线轮廓字形自动生成方法

针对点阵字形存储量大、缩放字形质量难以保证的缺点,对将女书点阵字形自动转换成曲线轮廓字形的方法进行了研究。首先提取女书轮廓数据;然后提出了一种基于最大误差值的特征点提取方法;最后用直线和二次Bezier曲线拟合字形轮廓段,存储曲线轮廓数据,从而得到用曲线描述的女书字形。实验结果表明,该方法计算简单,大大减少了存储空间,拟合出来的曲线和原字形轮廓一致,同时也消除了因手写而造成的毛刺现象,为在计算机中处理女书奠定了基础。     

高斯拟合亚像素边缘检测算法

针对传统边缘检测算法的定位精度低、对噪声敏感等缺点,提出基于函数曲线拟合的亚像素边缘检测算法——梯度方向高斯曲线拟合亚像素定位算法。该方法首先在边缘附近选取一系列点,求得这些点的灰度值,进而求得这些点的梯度值,然后运用高斯曲线来对这些点的梯度值进行拟合,最后通过拟合曲线求得高斯曲线的对称轴位置即为亚像素位置。实验表明该算法能够很好地实现亚像素定位,通过与其他两种亚像素定位算法的比较,得出该算法运行时间较短,效率较高。     

二值图象曲线轮廓提取的新算法

从二值图象中得到曲线轮廓（简称曲线化）,在计算机辅助设计和制造（CAD/CAM）中有重要的作用,为了更有效地从二值图象中提取更高质量的曲线轮廓,提出了一种新的二值图象曲线化的算法,该算法的核心是对待拟合折线进行自动分段和对分段曲线进行三次Bezier曲线拟合,与传统的二值图象曲线化方法相比,由于它能够获得更高质量的图象边界轮廓,因而从根本上解决了点阵图象轮廓无法在线性设备（绘图仪,刻字机,数控机床等）中直接输出的问题,并避免了出现形变（锯齿效应和折线效应）的难题,经商品化刻绘软件（“文泰刻绘”）广泛使用证明,该算法具有很强的实用性,其效果和速度已接近国外同类软件的水平。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。