藕状多孔铜沿垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形行为与本构关系

采用定向凝固法,在氢气压力为0.2 MPa,熔体温度为1 200 ℃的条件下制备d 45 mm×120 mm的藕状多孔纯铜棒材,研究藕状多孔金属垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形过程及其影响因素,分析压缩变形机理.结果表明:藕状多孔铜沿垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形过程可分为弹性变形、气孔的塑性屈曲、气孔的密实化和密实化后的塑性变形4个阶段,其中塑性屈曲阶段的主要变形机理为多孔材料在垂直载荷的作用下先后形成若干个变形带,在变形带内圆形气孔先后以压扁和塌陷的方式进行塑性变形;采用回归分析方法建立藕状多孔金属沿垂直于气孔方向的压缩变形本构关系.     

区域熔炼法制备藕状多孔铜

采用区域熔炼法在氢气氛下制备了藕状多孔铜,其气孔呈圆柱状沿凝固方向分布。研究了凝固速率对气孔率、气孔直径和气孔数密度的影响。结果表明:气孔率随凝固速率的增加而增大;凝固速率的增加能促进气泡形核,使平均气孔直径减小而气孔数密度增大。所制备的藕状多孔铜的气孔率和气孔直径可通过调节凝固速率而得到控制。     

藕状多孔铜轴向压缩变形行为与本构关系

在氢气压力为0.2 MPa、熔体温度为1 200℃条件下采用定向凝固法制备d45 mm×120 mm的藕状多孔纯铜棒材,研究藕状多孔金属的压缩变形过程及其影响因素,分析藕状多孔材料的压缩变形机理,采用线性回归分析方法建立藕状多孔材料的压缩变形本构关系.结果表明:藕状多孔铜的压缩变形过程分为弹性变形、以孔壁塑性屈曲为主的大塑性变形和密实化3个阶段;大塑性变形阶段的主要变形机理是孔壁先呈波形弯曲,然后产生塌陷和折叠变形;藕状多孔铜沿平行气孔方向静态压缩时应力-应变曲线受应变速率影响很小.     

藕状多孔铜的连铸法制备工艺研究

连铸法是一种制备具有均匀孔洞分布的大尺寸藕状多孔材料的新工艺.利用自行开发的GASAR连铸装置,成功拉制出了15 mm的藕状多孔Cu连铸试样,并研究了下拉速率对孔隙率及气孔直径的影响.结果表明:随着下拉速率的增加,连铸试样中气孔尺寸分布逐渐变均匀;下拉速率对孔隙率的影响不大,而气孔直径随下拉速率的增加而降低.     

Ag-O系定向凝固制备藕状多孔Ag

金属-气体共晶定向凝固(Gasar)是一种制备藕状多孔金属的新工艺,在高压纯氧气氛中,利用自行研制的Gasar模铸装置制备了藕状多孔Ag试样,并研究了氧气压力对气孔率、平均气孔直径的影响。结果表明:在多孔Ag中,氧气压力对气孔率和平均气孔直径的影响十分显著。随着氧气压力的增加,气孔率增大,而平均气孔直径减少,当氧气压力为0.5 MPa时,气孔分布最为均匀。     

藕状多孔纯Cu及多孔Cu-1.8%Cr合金铸件的研究

利用自行开发的GASAR装置,成功制备出藕状多孔纯Cu及多孔Cu-1.8%Cr合金试样,并对其孔隙率、平均气孔直径、基体组织及压缩特性进行了相应的对比研究。结果表明:随着凝固高度的增加,气孔率保持不变,而平均气孔直径增大,且多孔Cu-1.8%Cr合金的气孔率和平均气孔直径高于多孔纯Cu;藕状多孔纯Cu的定向凝固组织是由粗大的Cu晶粒组成,而多孔Cu-1.8%Cr合金的定向凝固组织为白色细小的α固溶体、灰色的共晶相(α+β)以及少量颗粒状的单相Cr质点组成;藕状多孔纯Cu及多孔Cu-1.8%Cr合金的压缩应力-应变曲线均由弹性变形阶段、屈服平台阶段及密实化阶段组成,但是Cr的加入使得藕状多孔纯Cu的压缩性能得到较大提高——杨氏模量和屈服强度增加而加工硬化指数降低。     

气压对藕状多孔Cu-Cr合金气孔结构及形貌的影响

采用金属/气体共晶定向凝固工艺(Gasar),在不同氢气压力条件下制备了藕状多孔Cu-Cr合金,研究了氢气压力对藕状多孔Cu-Cr合金气孔结构和形貌因子的影响。结果表明,当氢气压力大于气孔形成临界压力时,随氢气压力的增大,气孔率和孔隙密度增大,而平均气孔直径缓慢减小;当氢气压力大于气体逸出临界压力时,气孔率和平均气孔直径急剧减小,而孔隙密度大幅增加;此外,随氢气压力的增加,气孔形貌因子逐渐减小。     

Gasar工艺下藕状多孔银的气孔结构研究

金属-气体共晶定向凝固（Gasar)是制备藕状多孔金属的新工艺,利用自行研制的Gasar装置,成功地制备了不同纯氧分压下的藕状多孔银试样,研究了氧气分压对藕状多孔银气孔形貌（气孔率、气孔尺寸和分布、气泡形核）的影响。结果表明：氧气分压对气孔形貌影响十分显著。随着氧气压力的增加,气孔率增大而平均气孔直径减小。     

纯氧分压Gasar工艺下藕状多孔银的气孔结构研究（英文）

金属-气体共晶定向凝固(Gasar)是制备藕状多孔金属的新工艺,利用自行研制的Gasar装置,制备了不同纯氧分压下的藕状多孔银试样,研究了氧气分压对藕状多孔银气孔形貌(气孔率、气孔尺寸和分布、气泡形核)的影响。结果表明:氧气分压对气孔形貌影响十分显著。随着氧气压力的增加,气孔率增大而平均气孔直径减小。     

基于纳米CT技术的藕状多孔铜三维重构的研究

利用定向凝固法分别在0.55、0.7及1mm/s的拉速下制备出了具有规则气孔分布的藕状多孔铜,并采用非破坏性纳米CT扫描技术对所制备的多孔铜结构进行CT扫描及三维体重构,研究了拉速对气孔形核及形核数目、气孔率以及孔径大小和分布的影响。结果表明,随着凝固进行,气孔形核数目逐渐减少并且趋于稳定,在整个定向凝固过程中,都存在新气孔的形核现象。当拉速增加时,铸锭在相同高度范围内新气孔的形核数目增加,气孔的平均直径减小,气孔的尺寸分布均匀性下降。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.