Analysis of the behavior of ions produced by pulsed coronadischarge

The motion of an ion cloud which is produced by a corona discharge with the high-voltage pulse of a short duration and is introduced into parallel plate electrodes was calculated numerically. The ion cloud initially placed at the tip of a needle electrode was simulated by a number of ring charges and the trajectories of individual ring charges were calculated by using electric field strength obtained with a charge simulation method. Not only movement of the ion cloud but also the waveform of the induced current flowing through a ring electrode located at the center of the parallel plate electrode were simulated and analyzed. The ion cloud with an initial diameter of 0.5 mm expands to 5 mm by electrostatic repulsion within 10 μs after the beginning of drift. During drifting toward the counter electrode, the ion cloud extends wider to a diameter of around 20-25 mm. The size and velocity of ion clouds agree with those estimated by experiments and the waveform of induced current obtained by experiments was reproduced by this simulation     

A Technique for Pressure Measurement in the Active Electrical Zone of a Wire-Cylinder Electrostatic Precipitator

Probe techniques are discussed which have proven useful in the measurement of the current induced pressure distribution in the active electrical zone of a wire-cylinder electrostatic precipitator. The cylindrical electrode configuration is somewhat unique in that the pressure distribution is exactly known in the case of negligible axial flow and thus provides a check on the experimental technique. The measurement strategy combines alignment of the probe on an equipotential surface, control of probe current drainage to a level consistent with the probe's size and location in the field, and use of a guard electrode near the probe insertion point. Pressure measurements made with probe electrical characteristics indicating a minimally perturbed electric field are in close agreement with analytical prediction, and the experimental techniques appear to be applicable to other types of flow measurement in cylinder and duct precipitators.     

Field-Filter Probes and the Measurement of Alternating-Current Corona

The principles of the field-filter probe, which is capable of measuring both field changes and conduction current at an electrode in the presence of space charge, are described. Design characteristics are given for a simple field filter and for two further types which can be used for bipolar (reversing) fields and currents. Measurements are given for the discharge characteristics at the plane electrode of rod-plane gaps in the range 50-300 mm subjected to alternating voltages up to 100 kV root mean square (rms).     

Measurement method of plasma current and density in atmospheric pressure plasma jet

We present a measurement method of the plasma current and density in an atmospheric‐pressure plasma generated using a quartz tube, helium gas, and copper foil electrode by applying a high RF voltage. The plasma in the form of a bullet is released as a plume or jet into the atmosphere. To study the characteristics of the atmospheric‐pressure plasma, the plasma current is measured using a current probe, and the drift velocity of plasma plume is measured using a photodetector. The current of the plasma plume is estimated by subtracting the ground line current from the power line current in the circuit. The density of plasma plume n is estimated from the plasma plume current I and the drift velocity v as I = envS, where S is the cross section of plasma plume. The density of the released plasma into the atmosphere is estimated as ∼10¹⁸ m⁻³ by the method. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

土壤水分传感器探头的仿真分析

在分析土壤介电常数的基础上,研究了电容式土壤含水率传感器的测量原理.利用ANSYS软件建立了电容式水分传感器探头的三维模型,研究了传感器探头结构参数发生变化时,传感器对其的电容值、电场强度分布、含水率探测深度及灵敏度的影响,确定了探头的最优尺寸参数,设计了一种基于频域反射法的电容式土壤含水率传感器.仿真实验结果表明,当...     

dc field effects on streaming electrification in insulating oils

The results of an experimental investigation into the influence of impurities on electrification in insulating liquids in a tube model under an external dc field effect is described. Both conduction and streaming currents were measured as a function of temperature and flow rate using a paper-pressboard model with concentric cylindrical electrode geometry. Positive or negative dc voltage was applied to the inner electrode. The streaming current was measured from a shielded test chamber and the conduction current was measured from the ground electrode. Energization by positive dc voltage always enhanced the streaming electrification; however, when the applied voltage was negative, the polarity of streaming current was field strength dependent. At low fields (<0.52 kV/mm), the streaming current with negative dc field I_sn^c increased with increased field and with field strength >0.52 kV/mm, polarity reversal was observed. The field at which current crossed the zero value has been defined as the zero cross over point (ZCOP). Flow rate did not have any influence on the ZCOP; however, the additive concentration, moisture content and the temperature affected this ZCOP. In the presence of the corrosion inhibitor carbazole, the streaming current with negative dc field, I_sn attained zero at low fields. The conduction currents corresponding to fields where streaming currents were zero were also relatively low. It is therefore possible that by applying a moderate dc field of appropriate polarity the streaming current can be reduced to very low values by adjusting the carbazole concentration in the test liquid     

铁芯式两极纵磁真实灭弧室的开发研究

提出了一种新型铁芯式两极纵磁真空灭弧室触头结构,其间隙能够产生较强且均匀的对称交变纵向磁场。触 和 开槽,提高了强度;整块铁芯变成,降低了涡流,缩短了纵向磁场滞后于电流的时间。通过对样吕的试验。证明该结构能降低电弧电压,提高触头的分断能力。     

Movement of blood cells in liquid by nonuniform traveling field

A study of the motion of biological cells in aqueous solution using a traveling-field-type electric curtain device is performed. Cells driven by such a device undergo circular motions induced by the rotating traveling field, and as a result of field nonuniformity and drift in the direction of the wave propagation. Electrolytic dissociations of the aqueous medium are avoided by limiting the applied voltage below the theoretical dissociation voltage, while the field strength necessary for the actuation of the cell motion is insured by making the electrode dimensions as small as 100 μm. The experiments are performed using sheep erythrocytes. The device shows a maximum performance with six-phase voltage of frequency 3 Hz and amplitude 1.5 V, where the transport of cells takes place without perceivable damage to the cells     

The resistance degradation of (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin films

Abstract

The leakage current and dielectric properties of (Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)TiO₃(BST) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were investigated. It was found that leakage currents for positive bias voltage were higher than that for negative bias voltage, which was attributed to the lattice mismatch between bottom Pt electrode and BST thin film. The time-dependent breakdown process under positive voltage was observed, which was interpreted as the increase of the internal electric field in the film near the bottom electrode. However, the internal electric field can be decreased and eventually recovered by applying negative bias voltage. It was found that internal electric field near the interface can influence the capacitance of the BST thin film capacitor. An explanation for the thickness effect of BST thin films was given.     

Measurement of electron transport in liquid argon in crossedelectric and magnetic fields

We report on a measurement of excess electron drift properties in liquid argon in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields. The electric field strength was varied between 6 and 110 V/cm. Using a superconducting solenoid magnetic field strengths up to 5 T were achieved. The magnetic field B&oarr; oriented perpendicular to the electric field E&oarr; and the components of the drift velocity υ&oarr;_D parallel and perpendicular to the electric field were measured, from which were derived the drift mobility μ_D, Hall angle &thetas;_H and Hall mobility μ _H. An increase of μ_H compared to μ_D in the density range of the mobility maximum is observed. The ratio μ_H/μ_D for B→0 takes a value between 2.0 and 2.5 depending on the electric field strength. The Hall angle &thetas;_H as function of the magnetic field strength deviates from a linear behavior only in the density region showing a high mobility. The results are compared with available data     

Point-Source Corona Current Distribution in an External Field

A simple expression is derived that describes the spreading of the current stream stemming from a point corona electrode situated in a uniform external field. The analysis assumes a uniform current density in the stream, constant mobility, and constant longitudinal field, and solves the equations of continuity and Poisson. Formula accuracy is determined to be about 10 percent by comparison with current density scans taken with a boundary probe.     

一种考虑接地极选址及受端电网结构的偏磁电流减小方法

基于受端电网的结构和接地极的位置对直流偏磁电流的影响,分别分析了交流电网各变电站不同联结方式下,换流站和相邻交流变电站在典型连接结构下的直流偏磁电流(DCBC)水平.分析了影响换流变压器和交流变压器DCBC值的因素,阐述了接地极选址及受端电网结构对变压器DCBC值的影响机理.考虑到受端电网结构和接地极的位置选择,提出了...     

直流输电系统利用大地回线自动转为金属回线抑制直流偏磁策略研究

直流系统接地极流过较大电流是导致中性点接地变压器中流过直流电流、引发直流偏磁的主要原因。而直流偏磁的引入不仅对交流变压器产生影响,同时还会向系统注入谐波,影响电能质量。分析了直流偏磁产生原因,以及对电力系统的危害,同时提出了一种基于换流站操作的直流偏磁抑制策略。利用该策略,当直流输电系统因保护动作导致单极闭锁时,自动地由大地回线模式装换为金属回线方式。由此可以极大地减小接地极流过大电流的实现,有效抑制直流偏磁。     

Multiple-needle corona electrodes for electrostatic processesapplication

Corona from high-voltage electrodes is employed in various electrostatic installations, such as ozonizers, air filters, powder sprayers and separators. Multiple-needle electrode designs are preferred whenever low corona onset voltage and good resistance to mechanical shocks are required. This paper aims at identifying a simple solution to overcome the main drawback of this type of electrode, the nonuniformity of the generated space charge. Experiments were carried out with various models of electrodes, having one or several rows of stainless steel needles. A current probe, consisting of an enameled copper wire (0.4 mm diameter), was embedded in the center of a plane collecting electrode. For a given interelectrode distance (5-50 mm) and a fixed position of the multiple-needle electrode, the collecting plate was translated along two orthogonal directions, so that the current probe could scan a 75 mm×75 mm square. The results depended on the interelectrode distance and on the high-voltage level. An explanation is given to some observations made on a roll-type electrostatic separator provided with two models of multiple-needle corona electrodes. An improved electrode design was proposed for the industrial installations     

±1100 kV古泉换流站接地极对变压器直流偏磁的影响

文中对±1100 kV古泉换流站接地极周边变压器及变电站地网进行了直流偏磁影响研究,根据周边交流电网中变压器的直流偏磁电流分布进行分析,建立相应的直流电阻网络耦合模型,并结合变压器直流偏磁的耐受电流限值,提出相应的变压器直流偏磁治理范围及直流偏磁治理方案,为华东地区的接地极选址提供参考。     

牛从直流翁源接地极入地电流对周边变压器直流偏磁的影响

根据牛从直流受端翁源接地极周边变电站情况,对牛从直流入地电流进行了实测和分析,并对牛从直流入地电流对周边交流变压器直流偏磁的影响进行了详细的仿真计算。结果表明,翁江站变压器220 k V侧中性点均不接地或装设隔直装置可减小流入交流系统的直流偏磁电流;翁江站110 k V供电片区优化接地方式,选择官渡、回龙站中性点接地,对交流系统直流偏磁的影响最小。     

深层接地极对直流偏磁影响的研究

直流输电系统单极大地回路运行时,直流电流通过变压器中性点流入变压器,造成直流偏磁问题。从深层接地极是否能够改善电流分布出发,研究深层垂直接地极的电位分布和溢流密度的计算方法,计算和比较了深层接地极在不同埋深时引起的地表电位大小,得出的结论是,接地极的埋深至多对接地极附近的土地表面电位有较大的影响,而对远方的电位影响不大。通过一个实际的500 kV电网的仿真,说明直流电流在交流电网中的分布受埋深的影响很小,通过深埋接地极无法有效地解决直流偏磁问题。     

深层接地极对直流偏磁影响的研究

直流输电系统单极大地回路运行时，直流电流通过变压器中性点流入变压器，造成直流偏磁问题。从深层接地极是否能够改善电流分布出发，研究深层垂直接地极的电位分布和溢流密度的计算方法，计算和比较了深层接地极在不同埋深时引起的地表电位大小，得出的结论是，接地极的埋深至多对接地极附近的土地表面电位有较大的影响，而对远方的电位影响不大。通过一个实际的500kV电网的仿真，说明直流电流在交流电网中的分布受埋深的影响很小，通过深埋接地极无法有效地解决直流偏磁问题。     

组合线状电极工频电场强度仿真方法研究

以变电站中母线、隔离开关和断路器区域接线为例,建立组合线状电极工频电场强度数学模型,基于模拟电荷-矩量法对距离地面1.5m高处平面内的工频电场强度进行仿真计算,通过与实际测量值比较,证明该方法是区域电场强度定量计算的一种简便方法,并得出以下结论:地面附近的电场强度主要由竖直方向分量决定,在隔离开关和断路器下方电场强度较强,母线下方电场强度相对较弱;组合线状电极几何位置发生改变,电场强度也会发生不同的变化。为此,提出安装设计建议:考虑电气设备之间的电气强度,适当增加架设高度,适当减小隔离开关与母线间距离。