Cu-Ag合金原位纤维复合材料的应变强化效应

制备Cu-10Ag和Cu-10Ag-Ce合金原位纤维复合材料,研究结构变化与应变强化的关系。随着真应变增大,复合材料中的Ag纤维平均尺寸呈真应变的负指数函数减小,而极限强度呈真应变的指数函数增大。按其结构变化,原位复合材料显示两种强化机制:低应变阶段主要为加工硬化机制,高应变阶段主要为超细Ag纤维及界面强化机制。增大凝固速率和添加微量Ce明显细化合金的初始Ag相和Ag纤维尺寸,增高原位纤维复合材料的应变强化速率。在真应变为10.4时,缓慢、快速凝固Cu-10Ag合金和Cu-10Ag-Ce合金原位纤维复合材料的Ag纤维平均直径分别为140、90和80 nm,极限拉伸强度分别为1 250、1 370和1 430 MPa。     

快速凝固Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb合金的组织与力学性能

采用快速凝固方法制备了Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr及Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb(wt%)合金粉末,采用热等静压将粉末压制成坯料,随后进行热锻、冷轧处理。测试了合金在室温及高温(500 ℃)下的力学性能,并分析了合金的显微组织及断口形貌。结果表明,冷轧态合金具有更优异的室温拉伸性能,冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr合金抗拉强度为739.3 MPa,伸长率7.1%,这与铜基体中密集的Cu₄AgZr颗粒及纳米级Ag颗粒有关。除Cu₄AgZr颗粒及Ag颗粒外,Cr、Nb元素的添加还生成高温稳定的Cr₂Nb颗粒,同时提高了合金的室温和500 ℃拉伸强度。冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb合金的室温极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别为799.1 MPa与5.3%。因为热锻态合金晶粒尺寸粗大,Ag颗粒尺寸细小,相比冷轧态合金拥有更好的抗高温弱化性能。热锻态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金的500 ℃抗拉强度分别为186.8和129.2 MPa,而冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金在500 ℃抗拉强度分别仅为113.1和95.4 MPa。     

涂层导体用Ni9W合金基带再结晶及强立方织构的形成研究

采用X射线四环衍射技术对比分析了通过冷轧和轧制中间热处理制备的2种Ni-9.3at%W(Ni9W)合金基带的轧制织构和再结晶织构,研究了不同Ni9W合金基带在热处理过程中轧制织构向再结晶织构的演变。其次,采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术对以上2种Ni9W合金基带的微观组织和立方织构进行了表征。结果表明,与传统冷轧Ni9W合金基带的轧制织构相比,经轧制中间热处理后其轧制织构中S取向和Copper取向的含量增加、Brass取向的含量减少,使其轧制织构的类型介于Brass型轧制织构与Copper型轧制织构之间。2种Ni9W合金基带经低温回复后,其轧制织构含量均有一定的增加;另外,再结晶过程中轧制织构的含量均迅速降低,但立方取向的含量并没有明显增加,而是出现大量的随机取向,Ni9W的再结晶具有了连续再结晶的特征,这也是导致Ni9W合金基带较难形成立方织构的一个主要原因。虽然经过轧制中间热处理后Ni9W合金基带在初始再结晶完成后并没有形成一定强度的立方织构,但其立方取向的含量仍然能在进一步热处理过程中通过立方取向晶粒的长大而得到加强。最后,采用轧制中间热处理制备的Ni9W合金基带经两步高温热处理后其立方织构的含量达到84.5%(15°)。     

Effect of Change in Strain Path During Cold Rolling on the Evolution of Microstructure and Texture in Al and Al-2.5%Mg

The effect of change in strain path during cold rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture is investigated. For this purpose, high purity aluminum and Al-2.5%Mg alloy are deformed (~90% reduction in thickness) by unidirectional and cross cold rolling. Irrespective of the alloy system, copper-type texture is observed in unidirectional processed materials, while strong brass ({011}〈112〉) texture is developed during cross rolling. Unidirectionally rolled aluminum showed higher HAGB fraction, but similar HAGB spacing as compared to the cross-rolled aluminum after 90% reduction in thickness. At the same time, the internal misorientation in the cross-rolled 2N-Al is higher than in the unidirectionally rolled material. In contrast, Al-2.5% Mg alloy processed differently in both ways shows similar HAGB fraction, spacing, and internal misorientation distribution. These observations indicate that microstructure evolution due to strain path change is more strongly affected by dynamic recovery as compared to texture evolution.     

Cube orientation in hot rolled high purity aluminum plate

X-ray diffraction and orientation mapping in EBSD measurement were applied to obtain information of deformation and recrystallization with the emphasis on the cube orientation in hot rolled high purity aluminum plates.It is shown that cube orientations are retained to a large extent during hot rolling.Some deformed cube grains are found to have experienced large extent of recovery according to their Kikuchi band contrasts.The deformed cube-oriented grains in hot rolled plates are in an unfavorite growth condition with respect to their neighboring grain orientations for the subsequent annealing.The reasons for the phenomena observed,as well as the influence of hot rolling process on subsequent cold rolling and final annealing were discussed.     

Al-5Zn-2Mg合金在动态回复过程中的流变软化与微观组织演变(英文)

将7005铝合金在变形温度为300~500°C、应变速率为0.05~50 s-1的条件下进行等温压缩实验,研究材料的流变应力行为及微观组织演变规律,使用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电子背散射花样(EBSD)等方法观察、分析热压缩试样。通过计算得到7005铝合金的激活能为147 kJ/mol,与纯铝的晶格自扩散能(142kJ/mol)相近。7005铝合金热变形过程中主要的恢复机制为动态回复。在高应变速率(50 s-1)条件下,试样由于变形温升的影响会发生流变软化。经过温升修正后,在较高变形温度下材料依然存在软化现象。通过微观组织分析可知,该现象主要与材料动态回复过程中晶界迁移引起的晶粒粗化有关。     

不同凝固条件制备的Cu-Ag合金原位纤维复合材料的结构与性质

以冷却速率10^1～10^3K/s的不同凝固务件制备了Cu-10Ag合金及其原位纤维复合材料。研究了铸态和形变态合金的结构与性能。铸态合金的结构由Cu相、Ag沉淀相和(Cu Ag)共晶组成。通过大变形发展为Cu—Ag合金原位纳米纤维复合材料，其中由Ag沉淀相所形成的Ag纤维尺寸(d)与真实应变(η)呈指数函数关系：d=C.exp(-0．228η)，(Cu Ag)共晶中Ag层转变为更细的纳米Ag纤维。Cu—Ag合金原位纳米纤维复合材料显示了两阶段应变强化效应：在低真实应变阶段主要表现为加工硬化或位错强化，在高真实应变阶段主要表现为超细Ag纤维强化或界面强化。快速凝固的Cu—Ag合金原位纳米纤维复合材料比慢速凝固材料具有更高的包括极限拉伸强度和电导率在内的综合性能。在形变过程中复合材料的强度与电导率的演变出于相同的结构原因。     

DYNAMIC RECOVERY AND DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION OF 7005 ALUMINIUM ALLOY DURING HOT COMPRESSION

1.IntrottionItiswellknownthatworkhardeninganddynathecsofteningbehavescontradictorilydur-lughotworkingofmaterials.DislocationgenerationandintersectionsOfdislocationsduringI)lasticdeformationleadstoworkhardening,WhilesofteningismainlysuPPliedbydynamoicrecoveryand/ordynamicrecrystallization,whichresultsfromcoalescence,annihilationandreconstmctionofdislocationsbycross--slipandclilnhwiththeaidofaPPliedstressandthermal..ti.ati..Lll2}.However,completeannihilationofdislocationsreqUirescross--slipa…     

GH3230合金小变形下的恢复热处理工艺

分析测试了GH3230合金在10%和5%小变形下经不同温度恢复热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:在10%冷变形条件下,经1120~1230 ℃恢复热处理,合金发生均匀再结晶,有利于充分释放残余应力,同时保证合金力学性能满足指标要求;在5％冷变形条件下,经1120~1160 ℃恢复热处理,一方面释放了残余应力,另一方面避免了发生临界再结晶和晶粒异常长大,保证了合金组织稳定和力学性能满足指标要求。     

FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金大形变冷轧板再结晶退火过程中的组织演变

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、维氏硬度计、光学显微镜和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)研究了FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金经压下率为95%的大形变冷轧和550~800 ℃退火1 h后的晶体结构(fcc)、硬度变化、组织演变和再结晶行为。结果表明,冷轧-退火过程中FeCoCrNiMn高熵合金的晶体结构始终保持面心立方结构,再结晶开始温度为600 ℃,结束温度为750 ℃,随着退火温度的升高,试样的硬度先下降后逐渐趋于平缓,组织由纤维状的形变晶粒逐渐全部变为随机取向的再结晶晶粒。     

6016铝合金热变形实验模拟热轧显微组织演变(英文)

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究6016铝合金单道次高温压缩变形时的显微组织演变。采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析合金在不同变形条件下的组织形貌特征。结果表明:在高温压缩变形时,该合金的变形激活能为270.257kJ/mol,硬化指数为8.5254;流变应力双曲正弦的自然对数值与温度补偿Zener-Hollomon参数自然对数值成线性关系;合金低温、低应变速率时的主要变形组织为动态回复组织,而高温变形时产生局部动态再结晶组织;该铝合金高温变形时的主要软化机制为动态回复,只有在高温、高应变速率下发生部分的动态再结晶;合金平均亚晶粒尺寸随温度补偿应变速率Zener-Hollomon参数的升高而减小。     

Recrystallization and Precipitation Behavior of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy

Recrystallization and precipitation behaviors after cold rolling and aging are investigated for Cu-0.7Cr-0.13Zr alloy. The processed alloy was characterized using the measurement of Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The resultant complex microstructures are interpreted in terms of the interactions between precipitation and recrystallization. Upon aging at 500 °C for 1 h, the 45% rolled alloy exhibits a retarded recrystallization process and therefore an efficient hardening response, which are attributed to the pinning effect of fine dispersed precipitates on the dislocation. When heavily deformed and aged at high temperature, the alloy shows an accelerated process of recrystallization, and precipitates are found to coarsen.     

Impact of the initial state on the structure and properties of the ordered CuAu alloy

The microstructure has been studied and the temperature dependences of the electrical resistance and linear expansion have been constructed for the samples of the equiatomic CuAu alloy during heating from the initially quenched and preliminarily deformed states. The appearance of a texture has been detected during ordering from the deformed state. The dependences of changes in the alloy volume during heating have been plotted. The observed features are discussed in terms of relaxation processes occurring in the alloy during the order-disorder phase transformation.     

加工工艺对高性能铜合金组织和性能的影响

在真空感应炉熔炼得到Cu-0.2Cr-0.1Ag合金,研究了该合金在不同加工条件下的组织、强度和导电性变化.研究表明,通过固溶强化、时效强化和形变强化等手段的配合,可以获得高强度、高导电性的Cu-0.2Cr-0.1Ag合金.固溶、时效处理后的合金导电率达91%IACS,伸长率为37.4%.在固溶后加入冷变形,然后再时效,可以使强度提高84 MPa,而导电率不发生变化,再继续冷变形可以使强度提高到556 MPa.     

微量铬强化B10合金形变热处理后的组织及性能

利用真空感应熔炼-铸造工艺制备了微量铬强化的B10合金(即Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr(mass%)合金),并对铸态合金进行固溶、冷变形及退火处理,采用光学显微镜、拉伸测试和四线制测量法等研究了不同处理状态下Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr合金的显微组织、力学性能和电导率。结果表明,铸态Cu-10Ni-0.3Cr合金晶粒为等轴状,晶粒中均匀分布着黑色颗粒状析出相;再结晶退火后合金的组织均匀细小,晶粒内有明显的退火孪晶。铸态合金的导电性最好,电导率为17.15%IACS,900℃固溶2 h后合金的导电性最差,电导率为12.30%IACS。冷轧态(50%变形量)合金的强度、硬度最高,分别为340 MPa、112 HB,延塑性最差,伸长率只有8%;再结晶退火态合金综合力学性能最好;随着退火温度升高,冷轧态合金形变组织逐渐消失,且退火温度愈高,形变组织消失得愈明显,同时晶粒在退火过程中发生长大,最终导致合金强度、硬度降低,塑性增加。     

Ti49.4Ni50.6超弹性弹簧的相变和形变特性

用示差扫描量热仪、拉伸实验和应力-应变循环实验系统研究了退火温度、变形温度以及热循环和室温应力-应变循环对Ti49．4Ni50．6超弹性(SE)弹簧的相变和形变特性的影响。冷加工加中温退火态Ti49．4Ni50．6合金冷却→←加热时的相变类型为母相B2→←R相→←马氏体B19′。随退火温度升高，马氏体转变温度升高，R相转变温度降低。623-773K退火态Ti49．4Ni50．6弹簧室温下可获得SE特性，随变形温度升高，SE弹簧剐度增加；当退火温度超过823K后，SE持性变差。热循环时SE弹簧的切变量取值越小，其应变恢复率越高。预循环训练可增强SE的稳定性。     

Effect of pre-deformation on aging characteristics and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Nd-Zr alloy

The effect of plastic deformation prior to artificial aging on the aging characteristics and mechanical properties of a Mg-I lGd-2Nd-0.5Zr （mass fraction, %） alloy was investigated. After solution treatment at 525 ℃ for 4 h, the alloy was subjected to cold stretching deformation of 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively. The as-deformed specimens possess high density of dislocations and mechanical twins, which increase with elevated deformation. As compared with non-stretched alloy, the stretched alloy shows accelerated age-hardening response and slightly enhanced peak hardness when aged at 200 ℃. Comparison of the microstructures in undeformed and deformed specimens after 200 ℃, 24 h aging reveals that pre-deformation induces the heterogeneous nucleation of precipitations at dislocations and twin boundaries in addition to the homogeneous precipitation in the matrix. Room and high temperature tensile test results show that pre-deformation enhances the strength of the alloy, especially at room temperature, though the ductility declines. The improvement in strength of deformed and aged alloy is attributed to the combined strengthening effect of precipitates, deformation structures and grain boundaries.     

相场方法模拟AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶过程

为了获得合金静态再结晶前的变形晶粒组织,应用网格畸变模型与相场模型结合,生成变形合金再结晶前的初始晶粒组织;针对合金不同变形区域的特征和体系储存能分布不均匀的特点,分别引入反映不同变形区域的储存能分布的权重因子和变形区域的特征状态因子,构造多状态的非均匀自由能密度函数.在此基础上,应用相场动力学方程模拟了AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶过程的微结构演化,系统地分析了再结晶转变动力学曲线和Avrami曲线,以及储存能释放规律和再结晶晶粒尺度分布.模拟得到的动力学规律符合JMAK理论,所得的Avrami曲线可近似看成一条直线,对应于真应变ε=0.25,0.50,0.75和1.00,该直线的平均斜率分别为2.45,2.35,2.19和2.15.Avrami时间指数随变形量的增加而降低.变形程度大的合金,储存能释放的速度快,完成静态再结晶所需的时间短.基于本文提出的模型,结合相场方法计算模拟所得的结果与已有的理论结果和实验结果符合良好.     

Ti/Al合金化对U-5.5Mo合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用感应熔炼法在U-5.5Mo合金中引入Ti/Al元素,通过淬火与时效热处理来调控材料的组织与性能,获得不同热处理状态下的U-Mo-Ti/Al合金。分析析出相的组成、分布与性能的关系,探讨Ti/Al合金元素对U-5.5Mo合金力学性能的调控机制。发现在U-5.5Mo合金中加入微量Ti元素对U-Mo合金有明显固溶强化效果,使合金强度大幅提升;低温时效热处理可大幅提升U-Mo-Ti三元合金的力学性能;添加微量Al元素,促使U-Mo-Ti-Al四元合金中形成高温稳定的富钛与富铝的多元复合金属间化合物,其在基体与晶界上呈大量不规则连续分布,对合金具有显著沉淀强化效果,使U-Mo-Ti-Al四元合金的强度大幅提升,而塑性几乎降为零。     

铸造A356铝合金的高速热变形行为

文章针对铸造A356铝合金在高速热变形条件下的变形行为开展研究。采用等温热压缩实验,获得了铸态A356合金在温度范围为300℃~450℃,应变速率范围为0.1s-1~50s-1下的流动应力曲线,并对曲线进行了摩擦影响的修正。实验结果表明,铸态A356合金在实验条件范围内的变形机制主要为动态回复,基于动态回复条件下的位错演化理论建立的A356合金的本构方程,可以很好的预测高速热变形时的热变形行为。