乙酸仲丁酯在山茶油提取中的应用研究

在食品安全性要求日渐严格的背景下,文章使用不含硫和芳烃的绿色环保溶剂乙酸仲丁酯替代植物油抽提溶剂,实现了山茶油的提取。通过对各影响因素进行系统研究,获得了乙酸仲丁酯作抽提溶剂的最佳工艺参数:温度50℃,3∶1的溶剂比,提取时间为1 h,在该优化条件下的出油率可达到96.7%,明显优于同等条件下的乙酸乙酯、石油醚(60~90℃)、正己烷和乙醇。经简单的减压蒸馏分离回收溶剂,其溶剂残留率为11%,仅比正己烷高出4%。乙酸仲丁酯用以取代植物油抽提溶剂将具有可行性。     

超临界二氧化碳流体萃取油茶籽油及其GC／MS分析

采用环境友好的超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术制备油茶籽油,考察了压力、时间、温度和二氧化碳流量等因素对茶籽油萃取率的影响,得到优化的工艺参数：当萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度35℃、CO2流量30L／h、萃取时间为3h时茶籽油萃取率可高达44．4％。根据中华人民共和国国家标准进行检测的结果表明：超临界二氧化碳流体萃取出的茶籽油,无需进一步精制即可达到国家食用植物油卫生标准GB／T2716—2005,而除含皂量、水分及挥发物外的指标均达到国家一级茶油标准GB11765—2003;GC／MS分析结果表明油茶籽油富含73．6％不饱和脂肪酸。实验结果表明：超临界二氧化碳流体技术萃取茶籽油具有操作简便、萃取率高、无溶剂残留、绿色环保等优点,萃取出的茶籽油具有较高的品质和良好的应用前景。     

乙醇提取油茶饼残油的研究

探讨了乙醇为溶剂热回流提取油茶饼中残油的方法。通过单因素实验及正交实验考察了乙醇体积分数、液料比、浸提温度、浸提时间及提取次数对油茶饼中残油收率的影响,确定了优化的提取条件为：乙醇体积分数95%、液料比10∶1（mL∶g）、浸提温度92℃、浸提时间3h、提取次数2次。在此优化条件下,油茶饼中平均残油收率达到残油含量的96.04%。研究结果表明,乙醇具有替代6号溶剂油提取油茶饼中残油的前景。     

化妆品级山茶油提取精炼工艺现状及发展方向

综述了高品质山茶油现有的提取精炼工艺,并对其优缺点进行了对比分析。展望了未来化妆品级山茶油产业化生产和应用前景。     

提取方法对茶油中活性成分角鲨烯含量的影响

采用不同的工艺和溶剂从油茶籽中提取茶油,并对经甲酯化处理的茶油进行气相色谱分析、GC-MS联用分析、标准物质共同色谱比对等方法,研究了不同的提取方法对茶油中生物活性物质角鲨烯含量的影响。结果表明,茶油中含有比较多的角鲨烯,其含量随提取方法而不同,直接压榨法、己烷提取法、石油醚提取法、丙酮提取法和三氯甲烷提取法等所得到的茶油中角鲨烯的含量分别为2.98%、7.62%、0.94%、0.29%和0.54%。     

植物油抽提溶剂油萃取工艺参数的优化

分析植物油抽提溶剂油萃取生产中系统结焦的原因，在现有的工艺和设备条件下对运行参数进行优化调整，延缓了装置运行的结焦速率，提高了装置的加工能力。     

水酶法提取大豆油

The procedure of enzymatic aqueous extraction of soybean oil was assessed when two-step controlled enzymatic hydrolysis was applied. With aqueous extraction of soybean oil-containing protein, the highest yield of oil was 96.1% at the optimized conditions studied. Soybean oil-containing protein was hydrolyzed and resulted in releasing part of oil. The separated protein that contained 40% oil was enriched due to its adsorption capacity of released oil, the average oil extraction yeild reached 93.5%. Then the high oil content protein was hydrolyzed again to release oil by enzyme, the oil extraction yeild was 80.4%. As a result, high quality of soybean oil was obtained and the content of total oil vield was 74.4%.     

油砂溶剂抽提实验研究

对新疆油砂使用溶剂萃取法进行处理,选用93#汽油作为溶剂进行正交实验和单因素实验,通过对比萃取前后油砂显微结构对油砂萃取理论进行研究。实验表明油砂粒径、萃取时间、萃取温度、剂砂比对油砂萃取率的影响依次降低。当萃取时间30min、萃取温度80℃、油砂粒径小于450μm(中位粒径268μm)和剂砂比为4∶1时,萃取率可达到90%,尾砂含油率为1.7%。     

利用分子蒸馏技术提取玫瑰油的工艺研究

玫瑰鲜花用有机溶剂萃取后,利用分子蒸馏技术可以从中提取出香气纯正、色泽清亮的玫瑰精油,出油率达到万分之十。用分子蒸馏技术处理浓缩液时,应先脱除低分子物质。条件为进料温度40℃、系统真空度10-20Pa、柱温度45-50℃、刮膜机转速200-250r／min、蒸馏速度1mL／min;然后再脱除高分子物质,条件为进料温度60℃、冷却温度25℃、系统真空度1Pa、蒸馏温度120-125℃、刮膜机转速300-350r／min、蒸馏速度1mL／min。     

微波-索氏联合工艺提取盐酸小檗碱

采用微波预处理-索氏联合工艺，以盐酸小檗碱粗品收率为指标，考察微波功率、微波处理时间、黄连含水量、粒度、提取溶剂用量、提取时间等因素对盐酸小檗碱的提取收率影响，并与索氏提取方法进行比较。实验结果表明，微波预处理-索氏联合工艺提取效率高，而且无需过滤，工艺简单。     

功能化硅基材料的应用与茶油的精制

文章重点综述了近年来多孔氧化硅材料的研究发展、功能化硅基材料的研究进展、前景及其应用领域;简述了目前国内普遍茶油精制方法及其特点,进而提出了茶油精制的一种新思路。     

溶剂和提取方法对苍耳子油提取的影响(英文)

为了有效提高苍耳子油的提取效率,考察了提取溶剂和提取方法对其提取率的影响.在5种常用提取溶剂(乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、二氯甲烷和环己烷)中,采用索氏提取法时二氯甲烷的提取率最高,采用微波法时乙醇的提取率最高.另外,采用微波法提取的苍耳子油的得率略低于索氏提取法,但微波法的提取效率更高,提取时间节省近30倍,溶剂消耗节省2倍.综合考虑,微波法提取具有更大的优势.     

薰衣草油提取和切割方法的研究

以正己烷、丙酮为溶剂,分别采用溶剂萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏提取薰衣草油,通过GC/MS定性分析提取物组成。结果表明,溶剂萃取法的收率是水蒸气蒸馏的 5倍以上,且萃取物中乙酸芳樟酯含量高于后者,峰面积百分比达到 20%以上,但杂峰数量多;相对来说,丙酮提取物中的低沸点组分偏多,正己烷提取物中的高沸点组分偏多。水蒸气蒸馏提取物中芳樟醇的峰面积百分比达到 34%,樟脑的峰面积百分比超过 5%,均明显高于溶剂萃取。针对正辛烷 /正庚烷 /异戊醇模拟体系的水蒸气蒸馏实验表明,水蒸气蒸馏能优先提取混合物中低沸点、强极性组分,可用于薰衣草油的精制和切割。     

Efficient Extraction of Fuel Oil Hydrocarbons from Concrete

A strategy is presented for the efficient extraction of hydrocarbons from concrete to enable their monitoring. Both polar and non-polar solvents were examined with the application of several techniques: cold solvent extraction with shaking, Soxhlet, and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The impacts of sample aging and inundation with water on the extraction efficiency were investigated to elucidate the nature of analyte-matrix interactions. Organic matrix-destructive solvents that partially disintegrate concrete (ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetonitrile) were most efficient for all considered scenarios, yielding recoveries in a range of 95-100% upon a two-step, four-day, cold solvent extraction or 24-h Soxhlet extraction even for highly contaminated and aged samples.     

Efficient Extraction of Fuel Oil Hydrocarbons from Wood

Abstract

Sequential cold (room temperature) extraction from aged contaminated wood samples (southern yellow pine) with acetone followed by n‐pentane (upon a 3–4 days of sample incubation with each solvent) yielded more than 90% analyte recovery for both ambient (natural moisture content) and water‐submerged wood, significantly exceeding the recoveries obtained with one‐step extraction using single solvents and/or their mixtures. By contrast, a much faster ultrasound/Soxhlet extraction led to a virtually complete analyte recovery while using a 1∶1 mixture of these two solvents. Evidence obtained indicates that a possible role for the first solvent, acetone (in addition to collection of loose analyte), is the removal of an aqueous barrier surrounding the strongly adsorbed hydrocarbon, thus enabling its extraction by the second (non‐polar) solvent. For larger analyte concentrations (>60 mg n‐hexadecane/g wood), the high‐affinity binding sites became saturated (yielding 5–10 mg unrecovered analyte/g wood), and then a single solvent was sufficient for a near‐quantitative extraction.     

溶剂萃取过滤分离油浆中的催化剂粉末

介绍了催化裂化油浆的用途及主要的净化技术,并重点对以糠醛作为溶剂萃取过滤分离催化裂化油浆中催化剂粉末工艺进行了考察.试验结果表明,在抽提温度为60 ℃,m(剂):m(油)为2.5:1.0,抽提时间为25 min的条件下,抽出油收率可以达到48.14%,同时可使油浆中95%以上的催化剂细粉末转移到抽余油中,抽出油中约5%...     

茶油脱色新法研究

在国内茶油的脱色工艺一般为传统的白土脱色,所得油色泽一般为黄色,仅符合一般食用油的要求而难以满足化妆品用油的要求,而且白土脱色工艺中产生的废弃物、废水对环境污染大。本文针对这一情况,采用了一种新型的方法即硅胶柱层析法脱除茶油中的色素,得到了清亮透明无色的茶油并将茶油中油酸的含量提高到了83.63%。     

正交试验法优化橡胶籽油的提取工艺

采用溶剂法提取橡胶籽油,在单因素试验的基础上,用正交试验优化橡胶籽油的提取工艺。结果表明,橡胶籽油的最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂为石油醚(60~90 ℃),原料粒度 0.90 mm 的橡胶籽 20 g,液料比7:1 (mL:g),提取温度 75 ℃,提取时间 8 h,此时橡胶籽油的得率为 35.17%。