双通道编码高速存储系统设计

航天事业对存储系统的存储速度及保密性的要求在不断提高,针对这些要求提出了双通道编码高速存储系统的设计;设计了一种以RS-422和LVDS为通信手段,双端口RAM为缓存介质,双片选交替双平面混编存储为技术,混合编码存储为特点,K9WBG08U1M芯片为存储核心的高速、大容量的存储系统;双通道编码高速存储系统解决了双路数据存储速率低的问题;最后,对系统采集的数据进行科学分析及图像还原,验证了高速存储系统的可靠性.     

基于PCI和LVDS的高速数据存储系统的设计

针对某系统图像数据量大、传输速率快的特点,提出了采用PCI总线协议完成PC与高速数据存储系统之间的通信,利用LVDS总线协议传输数据并进行混合编帧的解决方案。为提高数据存储速率,使用Flash交叉双平面页编程技术,将写入速度提高到30 MB/s,有效地满足了图像高速存储的要求。针对数据的码率匹配,通过构建片内FIFO缓存来实现。测试结果表明,所设计的数据存储系统能够稳定地接收并存储图像数据,而且具有很高的可靠性。     

基于LVDS和68013A的数据控制传输系统设计

为实现某弹载存储系统数据的远距离、高速传输,介绍了一种以FPGA为控制核心,LVDS芯片组和68013A作为受控对象的数据控制传输系统;着重讨论了LVDS硬件接口电路设计和68013A的固件设计;某弹载系统实际应用表明,该系统运行稳定可靠,满足任务要求。     

基于FAS466的高速CCD相机数字视频实时存储系统设计

为了满足高帧频、大面阵CCD相机数字视频实时存储要求,设计出基于SCSI协议处理器(FAS466),脱离计算机平台的图像数据直接存储系统。该系统采用FPGA芯片编程实现DMA控制功能,从而协调SCSI协议处理器实现数据的传输。此外,系统采用双硬盘交替存储方案以提高存储速度,实现存储流量达70MBps。本文介绍了该设备的系统结构和软硬件设计方法。     

基于双存储机制的实时图像采集存储系统

针对实时图像采集和存储的要求和困难,设计了一个基于CMOS图像传感器和双存储机制的实时图像采集存储系统,采用OV7640CMOS图像传感器作为成像器件,在S3C44B0X处理器控制下,通过OV7640的接口芯片OV511的USB接口将采集到的标准格式图像数据传输到SDRAM中存储并定时刷新,同时设计一个事件触发按钮,根据操作需要,控制图像数据转存到FALSH中,以供事后记录和审查之用。实验表明该系统能够实现实时图像的高质量采集和存储。     

基于LVDS的固态存储器与地面综合测试台通信系统设计

针对遥测系统远程数据传输过程中出现的由于干扰引起的误操作以及数据紊乱问题,提出了一种基于LVDS的具有高可靠性的通信系统解决方案;系统以FPGA为控制核心,采用LVDS高速数据传输技术,实现飞行器遥测数据存储系统与地面设备的通信;为保证数据链路与命令控制链路的准确性和可靠性,设计了一套完整的通信协议;经大量试验表明,该通信系统性能稳定、数据及命令传输可靠,现已应用于某航天遥测数据通信系统.     

基于FPGA的视频图像采集系统的设计与实现

针对图象采集对实时性和可靠性的要求,提出并实现了一种以FPGA为控制核心的视频图像采集、存储系统。采用Altera公司的EP1C3T144C8FPGA芯片,完成了对视频解码芯片ADV7180的I2C总线配置,接着从视频流数据中提取有效图像信息并以Brust方式存储在SDRAM中。经过相关的测试,系统工作稳定,实时性和可靠性较好,充分发挥了FPGA控制灵活、速度快并且容易扩展的优点。     

基于Camera Link的串行图像采集系统设计

在设计测试系统时,要求高速、可靠地传输大量的图像信息至上位机进行存储和处理。采用LVDS或HOTLink信号格式,将远程CCD采集的图像信号进行串行传输,由 FPGA乒乓操作进行缓存,通过Camera Link接口,将图像数据以串行方式高速传输至图像采集板卡PXI-1428。实验中以150fps的速度连续采集128×130大小的串行LVDS图像或500fps的HOTLink图像,最大传输速率达到320Mbps。实验结果表明,Camera Link是实现高速串行图像传输的便捷途径。     

基于FPGA的图像采集与存储系统设计

设计了一种针对具有大数据量特点图像数据采集、存储及长线回读的测控系统。在控制信号的作用下,此测控系统将CMOS传感器采集的大容量数据存储到Flash芯片中。存储完成后,通过LVDS总线,将Flash芯片中存储的数据回传到上位机进行存盘并显示。实验证明,此系统稳定性高,在工业控制领域具有借鉴意义。     

低成本网络数据传输存储系统的FPGA实现

三维LED显示阵列显示一帧立体图像需要很大的图像数据,针对它的数据可靠传输的问题,提出了一种一对多远程网络数据传输存储系统的具体连接和实现方案.该方案应用了现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)以及Verilog HDL编程技术,结合了Intel 28FJ3A系列Flash芯片和DM9000A以太网控制芯片,实现了立体图像的同步显示和储存,网络传输速度可以达到100Mbps,具有低成本、低功耗、高速率等特点.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).