新型舰船船体防腐蚀涂料配套体系的研究

介绍了一种新型舰船船体用防腐蚀涂料配套体系。这种涂料体系是由防锈底漆 (水溶性快速固化无机硅酸锌底漆或有机富锌底漆 )、具有屏蔽功能的中间层涂料和具有特种光学性能的面漆组成的。通过实验室的常规性能试验、加速暴露试验和配套性试验对研制的防锈底漆、中间层涂料和面漆配套体系进行了筛选 ,并对筛选出的体系进行了实海环境暴露试验、模拟体实海浸泡试验以及实艇涂装应用试验。试验结果表明 ,该防腐蚀涂料体系在防腐蚀性能方面明显优于目前使用的涂料体系 ,符合海军对舰艇艇体特种光学性能的最新要求     

某重型柴油机瞬态油耗优化试验研究

本文在发动机性能开发阶段对恒转速突加负荷试验方法和恒扭矩加速试验方法研究,来模拟整车运行工况,同时研究了ECU电控数据相关参数对瞬态油耗的影响,对主要影响参数进行分析和优化,并进行整车道路试验验证.试验结果表明:发动机性能开发阶段采用恒扭矩加速试验方法能较好地模拟整车瞬态变化过程,通过调整ECU参数FlMng_rLmb...     

在干热环境条件下汽车主要户外大气暴露试验方法分析

本文首先对户外大气暴露试验的意义进行分析,对汽车主要的户外大气暴露试验方法进行分类和概述,分别阐述了汽车零部件的黑箱试验、太阳跟踪聚光暴露试验、IP／DP箱试验以及整车的暴露试验,并对其试验场地、试验准备以及试验方法进行探讨。     

航天材料飞行试验进展及发展方向

航天材料飞行试验与地面模拟试验和数值模拟试验互为补充,且飞行试验是获得航天材料在轨性能数据的最直接的方法。本文首先从被动暴露和主动暴露两个维度对航天材料飞行试验技术进行了介绍,并对国内外的航天材料飞行试验现状进行了梳理和分析,进而对航天材料飞行试验的发展方向如飞行试验材料的多样化和批量化、飞行试验和空间环境的监测同步开展、航天材料的宏观性能和微观性能的同时监测等进行了探讨,最后从系统规划、兼顾被动暴露和主动暴露、兼顾空间环境和效应监测、飞行试验装置的多功能和集成化等角度给出了开展航天材料飞行试验的建议。     

航空铝合金大气腐蚀加速试验研究

针对航空铝合金LC4CS的大气腐蚀,采用电化学技术、扫描电子显微镜等方法研究了连续盐雾、周期浸润和综合环境等加速试验.通过户内外试验的比较,对加速试验的模拟性和加速性进行了讨论.结果表明,综合环境试验较好地模拟了大气腐蚀过程中材料表面干/湿循环和电化学特点;同时综合环境试验也较好地模拟了铝合金试样表面的宏观形貌和微观形貌,较好地反映了户外暴露试验的动力学特征.因此综合环境试验是更为合理的加速试验.     

国外海洋大气环境下涂层循环加速腐蚀试验方法简介

0 前 言 现场暴露试验是研究海洋大气环境下涂层腐蚀最直接、最可靠的方法,能较为真实地反映涂层与环境的相互作用,但是试验周期过长.为了缩短试验时间、提高效率,而采用了加速腐蚀的方法.     

有机涂层在海洋环境中的防护性能

对环氧改性聚氨酯等12种有机涂层体系,在东海厦门试验站和南海榆林试验站海水全浸、潮差、飞溅条件下进行了4年的暴露试验,并对其防护性能进行了讨论。试验结果表明,环氧聚氨脂漆的耐海水腐蚀性能比较好,尤其是环氧改性聚氨脂WHD8401漆更为优良。     

船舶倾斜试验

由于构成船体重量的各个组成部分很多，如结构构件、机电设备、管系和舣装等等，对于每一项的重量和重心坐标均不容易准确计算，因而与船舶建成以后都要进行倾斜试验，以便获得可靠的重量和重心坐标的数据，用以计算船舶的性能，且为以后设计同类型船舶提供可靠的参数数据。     

一种新的实用船舶水弹性计算模型及实验研究

以半无矩壳理论和三维流体边界元方法为基础，应用干模态技术建立了一个新的实用的船舶水弹性理论模型，用于对船体结构在水中运动的流固耦合作用进行模态分析；编制了相应的微机计算程序；制作了钢质船模，分别在空气中和水上进行了振动模态试验。数值结果与试验结果符合良好，表明本文提出的水弹性模型及计算程序是正确的实用的。     

船体钢止裂性能表征参量止裂温度和止裂韧性的对比分析

基于AH36、EH36和FH500三种船体钢的梯度温度场型双重拉伸试验结果,对止裂温度和止裂韧性分别作为止裂性能表征参量的特点进行了分析。结果表明,与止裂韧性相比,止裂温度测试稳定性好、工程适用性好,更宜作为船体钢止裂性能的工程应用表征参量。     

船舶防污漆加速试验方法研究

本文介绍了把防污涂料防污性能的静态实验和动态试验，动、静态渗毒率测试，ＳＰＣ型自抛光防污漆降阻性能测试，漆膜形态剖析等有机结合建立起的一套切实可行的加速试验方法和配套设施。采用该方法可在１年内评定出３年防污期效的防污漆。     

重防蚀涂装体系在广岛和重庆的自然环境试验

大量的工业设施受酸雨和海洋腐蚀较为严重,中国重庆和日本广岛的自然环境具有一定的特殊性和代表性,针对4种用途13种涂装工艺的重防蚀涂装体系进行了耐酸雨和海洋严酷环境腐蚀规律的自然环境对比试验.结果表明:在重庆的涂层腐蚀均比广岛严重;所有暴露3年的试样,在重庆的划痕单侧最大腐蚀宽度几乎都超过3 mm,而在广岛几乎都在3 mm以下;即使按耐强腐蚀环境设计的重防蚀涂装试样,在重庆的腐蚀也比较严重.重庆的自然环境腐蚀严酷度等级比广岛高1个等级,在酸雨地区对钢铁具有较好保护作用的涂装体系(防蚀性和装饰性保护层)有两种:(1)热浸Zn→环氧底漆→聚氨酯面漆;(2) 厚膜无机富锌漆→喷涂层→环氧底漆→环氧底漆→聚氨酯中涂漆→聚氨酯面漆.     

Hot-dip galvanized steel: surface structures and adhesion of paints

The surface structures of as-received, pretreated and painted hot-dip galvanized steel are studied. The hardness of six different paint systems and their adhesion to selected types of zinc coating are investigated before and after accelerated ageing. Both hardness and adhesion depend on the pretreatment and the chosen combination of zinc coating and paint system.     

涂料盐雾试样的勘误方法研究

在盐雾试验的基础上,对涂料试样提出了2种拓展考察的方法:残余附着力测试和划"×"处金属腐蚀状态勘验。在高氯化底漆+高氯化面漆、环氧底漆+高氯化面漆、环氧底漆+工程面漆和高氯化底漆+工程面漆等不同的涂料体系,通过试验得出了高氯化涂料具有突出的封闭阻挡性能,但涂层发脆。工程面漆与底漆粘附力较差,环氧底漆具有突出的基体附着力,与高氯化面漆配合,是性能优良的防腐涂料体系。     

煤基聚苯胺防腐蚀性能及其机理的研究

为了进一步弄清煤基聚苯胺与环氧树脂共混防腐蚀涂料的性能及其相关机理,采用干/湿态附着力、加速浸泡后涂层的鼓泡和腐蚀性能测试、SEM分析、电化学测试等方法,对相关性能进行了分析,并与几种常规防腐蚀涂料(如环氧富锌底漆、聚氨酯防腐蚀漆、银粉漆和氧化铁红防锈漆)进行了对比.结果证明,该涂料在屏蔽性能、阳极保护作用效果和缓蚀性能等方面都具有良好的效果.建立了相关的模型,并解释了煤基聚苯胺具有这些作用的相关防腐蚀机理.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of alkyd paint films measured by FTIR analysis of UV generated carbon dioxide

FTIR assay of UV generated gaseous CO₂ has been used to monitor the photo-degradation of alkyd paint films in oxygen of controlled humidity. The three contributions to CO₂ evolution from such paint films are (a) a dark reaction associated with the drying process, (b) direct photochemical reaction, and (c) photocatalysis by the TiO₂ opacifier. As this paper is focused on the photocatalysis by TiO₂, the dark reaction has been minimized by accelerated drying of the paint films and the photocatalytic component has been emphasised by studying films pigmented with TiO₂ that has not been surface treated. This methodology allows the UV stability of alkyd paints to be monitored rapidly by an FTIR measurement of the UV-generated carbon dioxide. CO₂ evolution was greater for films made with high (35%) than for low (15%) TiO₂ pigment volume concentration (p.v.c.) paints. This behaviour, which parallels weight losses from similar films exposed in conventional accelerated weathering equipment, shows that photocatalysis by the TiO₂ is dominant. The CO₂ evolution rates from films opacified with different grades of rutile pigment correlate with weight loss measurements made from identical paints exposed to glass-filtered carbon arc irradiation in conventional accelerated weathering equipment. These two comparisons confirm the relevance, to conventional accelerated testing, of paint durability of the FTIR assay of carbon dioxide evolution from alkyd paints. Because the experimental procedure allows the ready interposition of suitable optical filters, the method is well suited to studies of e.g., incident wavelength & intensity. In addition, deliberate variations in the humidity of the atmosphere in the FTIR cell were monitored by using the i.r. absorption of water vapour. Not only did the observed rates of carbon dioxide evolution decrease with decreasing humidity, they extrapolated to zero at zero humidity. This is consistent with mechanisms, derived from studies of model systems, that identify hydroxyl radicals as the key catalytic intermediate in photocatalytic oxidation of TiO₂ pigmented paint.     

Analytical study of the chemical and physical changes induced by KrF laser cleaning of tempera paints

The cleaning of paintings using UV lasers is a growing field of interest in the practice of conservation. In this work, we have studied the chemical and physical changes induced by KrF excimer laser at 248 nm of tempera paint dosimeter systems. The changes have been evaluated by using a range of analytical techniques. These include profilometry; colorimetry; optical and vibrational spectroscopies, such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Fourier transform Raman (FTR), and infrared (FT-IR); and analytical mass spectrometric techniques, such as direct-temperature-resolved mass spectrometry (DTMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Integration of the results obtained by these techniques allowed the investigation of the nature and degree of change of the irradiated paint systems. Direct laser irradiation induces various degrees of discoloration that depend strongly on the nature of the pigment. This effect takes place mainly on the surface layer of the sample. Degradation of the binding medium occurs in the presence of inorganic pigments, and in some cases, evidence of alterations in the molecular composition of the pigment has been obtained. Varnished systems do not display this discoloration when a thin protective layer is left on the paint. A laser cleaning strategy for varnished paintings should be based on the partial removal of the varnish, leaving a residual layer that shields the underlying pigments from direct laser exposure.     

Evaluation of two lead-based paint removal and waste stabilization technology combinations on typical exterior surfaces

A study was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of a wet abrasive blasting technology to remove lead-based paint from exterior wood siding and brick substrates as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of two waste stabilization technologies to stabilize the resulting blast media (coal slag and mineral sand) paint debris thereby reducing the leachable lead content. The lead-based paint removal technology effectiveness was determined by the use of an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrum analyzer (L- and K-shell). The effectiveness of the technologies to stabilize the debris was evaluated through the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Wet abrasive blasting effectively removed the lead-based paint coating from both the wood and brick substrates to below the US Department of Housing and Urban Development Guideline (1mg/cm(2)) with no minimal or no damage to the underlying substrates (P<0.0001). The mean area air levels of lead-containing particulate generated during paint removal were significantly below the personal exposure limit (PEL) (P<0.0001). However, the mean personal breathing zone lead levels were approximately three times higher than the PEL. Neither of the two stabilization technologies consistently stabilized the resultant paint debris to achieve a leachable lead content below the RCRA regulatory threshold of <5 mg/l.     

Paint removal using lasers

Experiments to investigate the potential for practical laser graffiti-removal systems are reported. A universal engineering curve for the time needed for removal of paint from nonconductive substrates that was valid over a range of 10(7) in intensity was measured with a variety of lasers. Comparable times were measured for conductive substrates, when pulses shorter than the thermal conduction times were used. Analysis suggests that Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers may be the most efficient means for removing graffiti and other unwanted paint. An 1-m(2) area of paint 14 μm thick can be removed in approximately 10 min with a 50-Hz laser system of 15-W average power.     

一种可剥性气相防锈涂料的研制

一般的可剥性涂料成膜后所形成的涂层较脆,不能够大面积剥离,在金属防锈方面比较差,更不具有对金属气相防锈的功能.研制了一种能在常温下快速成膜的可剥性气相防锈涂料,所形成的涂层具有优良的柔韧性和耐冲击强度,能够大面积地进行剥离.提出了涂料的最佳配方为:乙烯基高分子树脂100.0 g,复合型油溶性气相缓蚀剂13.3 g,环氧树脂6101 10.0 g,增韧剂(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)25 mL,稳定剂(二月桂酸二丁基锡)0.5 g,抗氧剂B215 0.5 g,润滑油2 mL,混合溶剂700 mL.结果表明,这种涂料对金属具有一定的防锈性能和浸泡性能,喷涂于金属表面可有效地提高金属产品的防锈性能.