孔径径向扫描白光散斑干涉法的研究

提出了一种用于动态研究的新方法-孔径径向扫描白光散斑干涉法,介绍了两孔和直三孔径向扫描器.该方法是一种非接触式的用于动态测量的白光散斑法.分析了孔径径向扫描白光散斑干涉法的基本原理,给出了白光散斑全场滤波分析的平均光强解析式和实验结果.该方法的优点是利用散斑的调频技术能在一张白光散斑图上记录物体的连续动态变形的信息,在全场滤波分时,能将物体动态变形的信息方便地提取出来,得到清晰的全场白光散斑条纹图.直三孔径向扫描法能得到物体在x方向、y方向和45°方向上的变形信息.在实时全场滤波分析观察时,将滤波孔连续地沿径向扫描,可观察到物体连续动态变形的全过程,从而为物体的动态研究提供了一种新方法.     

剪切散斑干涉技术的研究

剪切散斑干涉技术是利用相干光照射在粗糙的物体表面,在空间所形成的散斑,实现物体表面位移和变形检测。它具有可以全场测量,光路简单,调节方便,对环境要求低等特点。主要讨论基于迈克耳孙的剪切散斑干涉术的原理及位移导数与条纹之间的关系。通过相关实验证明剪切散斑干涉技术在物体离面位移检测中的准确性和有效性。     

利用数字散斑照相术测量面内位移

采用数字图像处理技术直接对双曝光散斑图进行全场分析,获取了杨氏条纹图．通过对条纹图的滤波增强、二值化、细化等操作,提取了条纹周期,实现了物体面内微小位移的测量．实验结果表明,该方法可获得高对比度的散斑干涉条纹,经过数字图像处理,条纹细化无断点和毛刺,有利于条纹判读,提高测量精度,其微位移测量误差小于4％．由于散斑图及条纹图像均是在计算机内存储、处理,实现了散斑照相术的数字化,具有一定的应用价值．     

数字剪切散斑干涉玻璃幕墙缺陷无损检测

玻璃幕墙是现代建筑的重要组成部分,检测其内部缺陷对建筑安全评估具有重要的意义。该文提出一种数字剪切散斑干涉玻璃幕墙缺陷无损检测方法,探索一种适用于玻璃幕墙检测的实验方法,通过对玻璃进行热加载,在温降阶段一定时间间隔前后利用四步相移法分别获取散斑相位图,接着提取温降前后相减的相位差图的相位差并计算全场形变的空间位移梯度,从而检测出玻璃幕墙的缺陷位置。实验结果表明,剪切散斑干涉技术能够检测出玻璃幕墙缺陷处形变的空间位移梯度及其缺陷位置,因此使用剪切散斑干涉技术对玻璃幕墙缺陷进行无损检测是一种有效的方法,对评估幕墙玻璃安全隐患具有重要意义。     

轮胎激光散斑干涉相位图多方向频域滤波方法

为解决激光数字剪切散斑干涉技术应用于轮胎缺陷检测中轮胎缺陷相位条纹图噪声对包裹相位图解包和轮胎缺陷尺寸测量产生严重影响问题,通过对散斑干涉相位图的形成与条纹特征分析,研究一种根据不同方向的条纹密度来设置不同截止频率的多方向频域低通滤波方法。该方法只需进行一次滤波就能有效滤除噪声,还能更好地保留图像的边缘信息。实验结果表明:在两组滤波实验中,与中值滤波方法相比,多方向频域低通滤波的边缘保持指数分别是其4.257倍、2.869倍;与正余弦滤波方法相比,多方向频域低通滤波方法的残差点数分别是正余弦滤波方法的16.456%、36.555%,体现出较好的滤波特性。     

用于测振的电子散斑剪切干涉术

电子散斑剪切干涉术作为一种高精度全场测量技术,已被广泛应用于无损检测(NDT)、应变分析、振动检测和流场分析等领域．主要分析了电子散斑剪切干涉术在振动检测领域的应用,分析了它利用时间平均法检测振动的原理,并为实现物面振动的大面积检测进行了电子散斑剪切干涉仪光学结构的参数设计,一次可以检测大小为669 mm×502mm的矩形物面．利用计算机模拟产生随机高斯相关表面的高度分布函数及振动散斑剪切条纹图．结果表明电子散斑剪切干涉术用于振动检测．     

轮胎激光散斑干涉相位条纹图局域多方向频域滤波方法

为解决激光数字剪切散斑干涉技术应用于轮胎缺陷检测中,轮胎缺陷相位条纹图中噪声对包裹相位图解包和轮胎缺陷尺寸测量产生严重影响的问题,该文通过对散斑干涉相位图的条纹特征分析,研究一种根据条纹密度将相位图划分成不同滤波区域进行多方向频域滤波的方法。实验结果表明:在两组模拟的相位图滤波实验中,局域多方向滤波方法的相位误差均值P_(mean)和相位均方根误差RMS都比正余弦滤波方法、多方向频域滤波方法要小,滤波结果更接近真值;在第3组滤波实验中,局域多方向频域滤波方法的残差点数分别是正余弦滤波方法、多方向频域滤波方法的11.39%、56.25%,体现出较好的滤波特性。     

轮胎剪切散斑干涉包裹相位图缺陷识别方法

目前轮胎剪切散斑干涉缺陷识别技术主要依靠人工辅助识别,难以满足大批量工业生产检测的需要。该文提出基于剪切散斑图角点特征的轮胎缺陷识别方法,实现轮胎缺陷自动识别。首先通过对激光剪切散斑干涉包裹相位图缺陷特征、去噪方法等方面进行分析,并根据激光散斑干涉包裹相位图角点特征,提出基于角点特征的包裹相位图缺陷识别方法。实验结果表明:在两组包裹相位图缺陷识别实验中,该文方法对条纹质量较好、较差的包裹相位图,缺陷识别效果准确、定位精度高,该方法简单、高效,有助于提高轮胎缺陷检测速度与效率,可实现自动化轮胎缺陷检测。     

散斑干涉条纹图的总变分去噪方法

去除散斑条纹图中的噪声是电子散斑干涉测量技术的关键问题.提出将总变分图像去噪方法应用于电子散斑干涉条纹图滤波过程中,并对保真系数进行了改进.用总变分模型定义图像的能量函数,利用变分法求得满足能量函数的最优解,将图像去噪过程转化为求解偏微分方程的过程.分别对计算机模拟的条纹图和实验获得的条纹图进行了测试,定性和定量分析的结果表明该技术能够在显著滤波的同时保持条纹的对比度.     

电子错位散斑干涉系统中错位量的研究

电子错位散斑检测系统中,错位量对测量精度、灵敏度以及条纹对比度有很大影响。本文介绍了电子错位散斑干涉原理,研究了错位量与测量精度、灵敏度和条纹对比度之间的对应关系,并利用MATLAB模拟出不同错位量下干涉条纹图,将错位散斑模拟条纹图与理论分析有效结合,总结出选取错位量的方法,并将其应用于轮胎变形检测实验,取得了良好的实验效果。本文研究工作对无损检测中错位量定量选取具有实际指导意义。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.