高稳定性多羟甲基三聚氰胺初缩体的合成

采用甲醚化使多羟甲基三聚氰胺初缩体溶液的稳定性达到满意效果。研究了反应物的浓度、介质ｐＨ、温度及反应时间对合成的影响，测定了初缩体的红外光谱。最佳合成条件为：三聚氰胺（ｍｏｌ）∶甲醛（ｍｏｌ）∶甲醇（ｍｏｌ）＝１∶（３．５～６）∶（４～７）；羟甲基化ｐＨ＝７５～９，温度７０～９０℃，时间０５～１５ｈ；醚化缩合反应ｐＨ＝４～７，温度５０～７０℃，时间０５～２ｈ。     

超临界CO2萃取芹菜籽香料的应用技术研究

采用超临界ＣＯ２萃取技术提取芹菜籽的芳香物质。选用８０－１５０ＭＰａ的萃取压力、２５－４５℃萃取温度和２－２。５ｈ的萃取时间以及萃取前原料进行适度磨碎（３０－４０目）处理，可获得具有新鲜、浓郁、逼真的芹菜籽香味的芳香物质。萃取得率大于２．３％。芹菜籽油（ＣＯ２）已在食品加香方面进行了开发应用研究。     

二次萃取蒸馏法从烟草中提取天然烟碱

烟草中的烟碱用石灰水浸提。在ｐＨ＝１１的条件下,经三氯乙烯二次萃取,常压蒸馏获得烟碱粗品。再在压力为４０～６５ｋＰａ,温度为１６０～１７０℃条件下,减压蒸馏获得天然烟碱,产品含量可达９８％以上,收率达６８７％。     

二（2—乙基己基）磷酸萃取L—异亮氨酸的研究

以二（２－乙基己基）磷酸（Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ）－正辛烷及Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ－正辛醇萃取Ｌ－异亮氨酸为对象,研究了Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ浓度、Ｌ－异亮氨酸初始浓度以及ｐＨ值对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。结果表明,在实验研究涉及的ｐＨ值范围内,分配系数先随ｐＨ的增加而增大,在３．５〈ｐＨ〈５区域,ｐＨ值对分配系数的影响较小。分配系数还随Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ浓度的增加而增大。正辛醇加入有机相,萃取分配系数增大。Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ与Ｌ－异亮氨酸     

用三烷基氧膦—煤油溶液从发酵滤液中萃取克拉维酸

报道了将中性磷这一高效萃取体系应用于克拉维酸的提取分离．研究了三烷基氧膦萃取克拉维酸的各种参数：ｐＨ、时间、相比、浓度等的影响，确定了最佳萃取条件及其工艺参数：３０％三烷基氧膦的煤油溶液为萃取剂，萃取平衡ｐＨ＝１．５，萃取相比Ｏ／Ａ＝１：３，并进行四级逆流萃取，饱和醋酸锂反萃，反萃平衡ｐＨ为７～７．５．     

乙二醛溶液体系中乙酸络合萃取的动力学研究

采用恒界面池法研究了乙酸在乙二醛溶液中的萃取动力学，实验结果表明：萃取速率由界面化学反应所控制，且表观反应速率方程为：ｒ＝ｋｓＣＨＡｃ１．３６４１，在２５℃时的反应速率常数ｋｓ＝１．８２×１０－２ｍｏｌ／ｃｍ２·ｓ。此外，还研究了温度对反应速率的影响，求取了表观反应的活化能Ｅａ＝２３．２８３３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，从而进一步说明了萃取速率控制步骤为界面化学反应所控制。     

湿化学法制备CaZr_（1－x）In_xO_（3－α）及其烧结体的阻抗谱研究

以碳酸钙、氧氯化锆、氧化铟为原料，用ｐＨ＝８．５～９．５的草酸－氨水溶液作沉淀剂，并加入适量的表面活性剂，制得了成分准确、颗粒均匀、分散性好的ＣａＺｒ_（１－ｘ）Ｉｎ_ｘＯ_（３－α）的前驱物。该沉淀物经１０００℃，３ｈ煅烧即可生成ＣａＺｒ_（１－ｘ）Ｉｎ_ｘＯ_（３－α）相；此产物经１６００℃，８ｈ时烧结，得到相对密度大于９５％的致密烧结体。测量了烧结体在湿空气中的阻抗谱并提出了合理的等效电路，得到ＣａＺｒ_（１－ｘ）Ｉｎ_ｘＯ_（３－α）的本体电导率与温度和组成的关系。     

高氯酸介质中2-羟基-5-仲辛基-二苯甲酮肟萃取钯的机理

报道了２－羟基－５－仲辛基－二苯甲酮肟（Ｎ５１０）从高氯酸体系中萃取钯的机理．结果表明,钯的萃取率随ｐＨ的增大而增加,而与高氯酸根离子浓度无关．采用斜率法测得萃合物组成为Ｐｄ·Ｎ５１０．萃取反应方程式为：Ｈ２Ｎ５１０（Ｏ）＋Ｐｄ２＋（Ａ）＝ＰｄＮ５１０（Ｏ）＋２Ｈ＋（Ａ     

异戊醇从氧化物-磷酸体系中萃取磷酸的动力学研究

采用上升液滴法研究了异戊醇从氯化物－磷酸体系中萃取磷酸的动力学，结果表明磷酸的初始正向萃取速率随两相界面积、水相初始磷酸、盐酸浓度的增大而增大，异戊醇对磷酸的萃取可能属扩散控制模式。在实验基础上建立了如下的萃取动力学方程：Ｒｐ＝４．７１９×１０－８Ｃ１．８０２ｐＣ１．００４ｃｌ，其计算值与实验值的相对标准偏差为５．０２％。     

改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研制

利用热塑性的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛树脂在酸性条件下有与大分子脲醛树脂进一步交联合成改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂,分步加入尿素降低了脲醛树脂中游离甲醛的含量,考察了影响合成反应的一些因素,适宜的工艺条件为聚乙烯醇用量和脲醛比（１：１．８）一定时,第一步Ｕ：Ｆ（１：４．０）,ｐＨ＝３．５,反应５０ｍｉｎ,第二步ｐＨ＝５．５,补加尿素,反应４０ｍｉｎ,两步反应温度均为４０℃。     

Evaluation of the diffusion coefficient of rapeseed oil during solvent extraction with hexane

The diffusion coefficient of rapeseed oil was determined from data obtained during time-varied solvent extraction experiments. The experiments were carried out in a Gülbaran extractor-diffuser with hexane as the solvent. A relationship was found between the slope of the diffusion line and the shape and size of the rapeseed particles. This relation can be used to calculate the diffusion coefficient. A diffusion coefficient of 3.4×10⁻⁸ cm²/s was determined from the experimental data.     

A proposed method for the calculation of theoretical plates in liquid-liquid-solid three-phase extraction columns: Methanol,hexane and rapeseed meal system

A program is designed and tested to calculate the number of theoretical plates required in a LLS extraction column for the methanol, hexane, and rapeseed meal system. The calculation model takes into account the internal mixing effect of solid entrainment in the light phase. The concentration distribution along the column can also be obtained from the model by introducing the efficiency of real plates.     

油菜植株及其土壤中多菌灵残留检测及动态

采用高效液相色谱法,建立了油菜植株和土壤中多菌灵残留量的检测方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,AMINOSPE柱净化和浓缩后,C18柱进行分析。流动相为甲醇：水=85：15、流速为1．0ml／min、检测波长280nm时,方法的最低检出限为0．01mg／L,并用于油菜植株和土壤实际样品巾多菌灵残留量的检测及动态分析。田间降解动态试验结果表明,多菌灵在油菜植株中较土壤中缓慢,半衰期大约32d。     

Studies on stability of rapeseed wet gum as a source of pharmaceutical lecithin

Lecithin wet gum with high water content is less stable during storage than dry lecithin. Deoiling and dehydrating the fresh gum can result in a purified lecithin of high quality. The stability of rapeseed wet gum obtained from double-zero rapeseed varieties was determined at various temperatures. The effect of storage time on volatile substances, acetone insolubles, neutral lipids and acid, iodine, and peroxide values were investigated. The rapeseed wet gum stored a little above 20°C is stable for up to ten days, although in the frozen state (−20°C) no changes in general composition, acid, iodine, and peroxide values were observed during 24 mon of storage.     

The production of Chinese rapeseed protein isolates by membrane processing

A membrane-based process was developed for the production of Chinese rapeseed protein isolates, which consisted of alkaline extraction of protein at pH 12.0 from CH₂OH/NH₃/H₂O-hexane-extracted Chinese rapeseed meal, isoelectric precipitation at pH 6.5, ultrafiltration followed by diafiltration to concentrate the remaining soluble protein, and freeze-drying. No chemical treatment was required for the removal of phytates from the protein. Three products were obtained with high protein recovery: precipitated and soluble protein isolates, each containing 90 to 100% protein, suitable for animal feed. The two protein isolates were low in phytates, light in color and bland in taste. Chinese rapeseed protein was easier and more economical to treat than canola protein due to the shift of pH for isoelectric precipitation and the elimination of the need for further phytate reduction.     

Optimal conditions for fractionation of rapeseed lecithin with alcohols

Deoiled rapeseed lecithin was fractionated with ethanol, and optimum conditions have been determined to improve purified lecithin yield and phosphatidylcholine (PC) enrichment. The effect of extraction time, solvent volume, ethanol concentration and temperature on the yield and the PC enrichment have been described in the form of regression equations. A full factorial experiment method and a second-order orthogonal design were used in the study. The regression equations were calculated for the maximum value of the response functions optimized by an electronic data processing method, and the results (yield and PC enrichment calculated from regression equations) were compared with those obtained in control experiments. The use of calculated optimal parameters in the fractionation process led to 81–96% and 58% increments in yield and PC enrichment, respectively.     

菜籽油基微乳极压剂的合成及性能分析

以菜籽油为原料,甲醇和多羟基化合物为酯交换剂,并以硫粉和P2O5作为改性剂,合成一种带有极压元素S、P和N的菜籽油基多羟基脂肪酸(酯)极压润滑剂。红外光谱分析证实了该化合物中元素S、P和N以及-OH的存在。合成产物可自乳化制成微乳极压润滑液,检测2.5%的微乳极压润滑液结果表明:该微乳润滑液乳化和防锈性能优良,摩擦学最大无咬卡载荷(PB)为1260N,表面磨斑直径(W SD)和摩檫系数(μ)的最佳值分别为0.33mm和0.039,达到并超过了资料报道目前以油为润滑介质的国内同类产品的性能指标。     

Sensory assessment of virgin rapeseed oils

Virgin rapeseed oil is appreciated for its unique fresh and mild taste that resembles asparagus, cabbage or fresh green vegetables. These flavour properties are directly correlated with the value of the oil for the consumer and determine the success or failure of this product on the market. The sensory assessment of virgin rapeseed oils is presented, the advantages and challenges of a panel group are discussed, and the preparation of test samples with known off‐flavours is explained. Another way to improve the acceptability of virgin rapeseed oil on the market and to strengthen the confidence of the consumer in this product is to award good products with the German Society for Fat Science (DGF) medal.     

世界油菜田用除草剂的使用现状及市场

综述了全球油菜种植面积、除草剂的使用情况及市场销售情况,对近期新开发的油菜田除草剂品种进行了简要介绍.