木质素/LDPE-EVA复合材料及其发泡材料的制备

研究了天然可降解高分子材料木质素与LDPE-EVA的共混性能及进一步制备发泡材料的力学性能,共混物SEM图表明,在增容剂LDPE-g-MAH的作用下,木质素均匀地分散于LDPE-EVA基体中,并明显形成了一定的过渡层;DSC曲线分析表明,木质素/LDPE-EVA共混物有且只有一个介于两者吸热峰之间的吸热峰,进一步说明了两者具有较好的相容性。综合看来,10份LDPE-g-MAH增容20份含量的木质素与100份55/45的LDPE-EVA配以0.5份交联剂在130℃下混合具有较好的共混性能。同时,采用模塑发泡能得到具有优良力学性能和较好形貌的木质素/LDPE-EVA发泡材料。     

PA6/SMA共混物的热性能及力学性能

采用熔融共挤制备了尼龙6(PA6)/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)共混物,利用差示扫描量热法、热重分析、热变形温度测试及力学测试等手段研究了SMA含量对PA6/SMA共混物熔融结晶行为、热性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明,SMA的加入使共混物的熔融温度、结晶温度及结晶度降低;当SMA用量为5份时,共混物最大分解温度较纯PA6提高了33.5℃;共混物的弯曲强度和弯曲模量在SMA用量为2.5份时达到最大,分别为115.0、3 227 MPa,比纯PA6提高了26.4%、37.0%,拉伸强度在SMA用量为5份时达到最大87.5 MPa,比纯PA6提高了25.9%。     

ABS/木质素复合材料的性能研究

采用熔融共混的方法分别制备了ABS/酶解木质素以及ABS/氯化改性酶解木质素复合材料,研究了酶解木质素及氯化改性酶解木质素用量对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响,利用扫描电镜对复合材料相容性进行了分析。结果表明,随着酶解木质素用量的增大,ABS/酶解木质素复合材料的拉伸强度有所降低,冲击强度下降则十分明显。而经过改性处理的氯化改性酶解木质素与ABS间的相容性得到显著改善,有效地提高了复合材料的力学性能。另外,酶解木质素和氯化改性酶解木质素的添加均可提高ABS树脂的热稳定性和成炭量。     

HDPE/木质素复合材料的制备及性能

采用甲酸法制备了木质素,将木质素和羟甲基化木质素分别与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)熔融共混制备了 HDPE／木质素复合材料,研究了其力学性能和相态结构。结果表明:随术质素或羟甲基化木质素加入量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率逐渐提高;弯曲模量和弯曲强度随羟甲基化木质素含量的增加分别提高了17.3％和12．2％;与木质素共混时,弯曲强度在木质素质量分数为2．5％处达到最高值(16．1 MPa),随后叉呈下降趋势;HDPE／木质素和 HDPE／羟甲基化木质素的断裂拉伸强度分别提高了8．0％和16．2％;但材料的抗冲击性能有所降低;总体上,木质素的羟甲基化使复合材料的性能优于木质素复合材料。     

山楂核/聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能与热性能

为了制备高强度的木塑复合材料(WPC),本研究以山楂核为增强体、以线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)三种不同的聚乙烯(PE)为基体,采用注塑成型的方法制备三种WPC(HLC、HHC、HUC)。并利用电子万能力学试验机、动态热机械分析仪(DMA)、差式扫描量热仪(DSC)、同步热分析仪(STA)对三种WPC进行力学性能与热性能的表征分析。实验结果表明:山楂核/HDPE复合材料(HHC)的力学性能最好,弯曲强度可达47.24 MPa,拉伸强度可达38.44 MPa,储能模量可达2 631.2 MPa;山楂核的加入有利于PE基体的熔融稳定性与早期结晶,但是会降低PE基体的热稳定性。该研究可为制备高强度的WPC提供有益的借鉴经验。     

BPR/PF复合材料的热性能和动态力学性能

采用硼酚醛树脂(BPR)与普通酚醛树脂(PF)熔融共混挤出制备BPR/PF树脂,通过模压成型工艺制备BPR/PF复合材料。利用热失重(TG)、动态力学性能(DMA)研究不同BPR含量对复合材料热性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明,BPR能显著增强树脂的热性能。700℃,BPR加入质量分数50份时,BPR/PF的残炭率达到了58%,而PF的残炭率只有38.29%,共混复合材料的储能模量提高了28%;玻璃化转变温度提高了18.3℃;复合材料的蠕变和应力松弛性能也得到了提高。     

胺化木质素对PLA/LA复合薄膜力学性能和结晶性能的影响

通过曼尼希反应对木质素进行胺化改性,将其加入PLA基体中,成功制备PLA/LA复合材料,并探究胺化木质素(LA)对PLA/LA复合材料性能的影响。FTIR测试和元素分析表明,—NH2已被引入到木质素中,成功制备了LA。通过拉伸实验可知,加入LA之后,PLA/LA的拉伸强度得到了提高,从40 MPa左右提升到了52 MPa,提升了30%,提升效果非常显著。同时,LA的加入,使得PLA基复合材料的力学性能和结晶性能也得到改善。     

木质素填充改性对环氧树脂热老化性能的影响

采用高温预混合的方法将玉米秸秆木质素用于改性环氧树脂。利用力学性能测试以及动态力学分析、热重分析和红外分析等方法研究了木质素填充改性对环氧树脂热老化性能的影响。结果表明,少量木质素填充改性环氧树脂,可以提高环氧树脂的弯曲强度,但抗冲击强度下降。150℃热老化下,随着热老化时间的延长,环氧树脂的弯曲强度先增加而后降低,冲击强度下降,玻璃化转变温度先增加而后下降,损耗因子逐渐减小。木质素的添加可以通过其酚醚结构的优先分解保护环氧树脂的主链结构,降低环氧树脂的热老化损伤程度。     

Fiber formation and properties of polyester/lignin blends

Thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters with varied chemical structure are synthesized by melt transesterification polycondensation. They are employed as matrix for blends with lignin materials to obtain melt-spinnable precursors for carbon fibers. The lignin samples are carefully purified by fractionation, enzymatic removal of reducing sugars, and subsequent modification of the terminal OH groups. Effective melt blending is achieved with liquid-crystalline aromatic–aliphatic polyesters having melting ranges that match the softening temperature of the lignin fractions, which is necessary to prevent thermal decomposition of the lignin. Polyester/lignin blends are partially compatibilized, phase-separated materials. The polyester/lignin materials are melt-spun successfully. The fiber properties depend on the lignin purification process. X-ray scattering reveals that orientation in lignin-containing fibers is maintained. First experiments show that the fibers can be converted successfully to carbon fibers by thermal annealing procedures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48257.     

Mechanical properties,oil resistance,and thermal aging properties in chlorinated polyethylene/natural rubber blends

The use of natural rubber (NR) for partly substituting elastomeric chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) was determined. Mechanical and thermal aging properties as well as oil resistance of the blends were also investigated. The amount of NR in blends significantly affected the properties of the blends. The blends with NR content up to 50 wt % possessed similar tensile strength to that of pure CPE even after oil immersion or thermal aging. Modulus and hardness of the blends appeared to decrease progressively with increasing NR content. These properties also decreased in blends after thermal aging. After oil immersion, hardness decreased significantly for the blends with high NR content, whereas no change in modulus was observed. The dynamic mechanical properties were determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. NR and CPE showed damping peaks at about ?40 and 4 °c, respectively; these values correlate with the glass‐transition temperatures (T_g) of NR and CPE, respectively. The shift in the T_g values was observed after blending, suggesting an interfacial interaction between the two phases probably caused by the co‐vulcanization in CPE/NR blends. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 22–28, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10171     

Flexible and compatible polymer composite blends based on polyurethane/sodium ionomer/lignin and their properties

Polyurethane, sodium ionomer (Surlyn 8150), and lignin (PSL)-based composite films were prepared by the solution casting method with different weight percentages of lignin. The relationships among the morphology, thermal resistance, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties for all composites were characterized. The structural interactions, microstructure, and optical properties of the composite were studied by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The mechanical and UV absorbance properties of the composite films improved significantly with the addition of lignin particles. The tensile strength increased from 42.5 to 57.2 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis results show that the storage modulus of the composites increased and exhibited a single T_g. PSL composite films show excellent water barrier properties, with improved surface hydrophobicity. SEM images revealed that a relatively uniform phase morphology and good interfacial compatibilization wereachieved. These results suggest that all of the composite films with PU, Na ionomers, and lignin materials exhibited good compatibility and miscibility. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48885.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/modified basalt fabric composites

Basalt fabric (BF) was first treated with silane coupling agent KH550, modified basalt fabric (MBF) was obtained. Then MBF were molded with polypropylene (PP) matrix, and polypropylene/modified basalt fabrics (PP/MBF) composites were obtained. The influence of concentration and treating time of KH550 on MBF were characterized by hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. The tensile strength and morphology of basalt fabric were tested by single filament strength tester and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of composites were measured with electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine, and the thermal properties were tested by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that the lipophilicity of MBF is improved significantly by KH550 while the tensile is nearly damaged. The mechanical properties of composites are larger than that of pure PP, among which the impact property was improved the most, showing 194.12% enhancement. The thermal stability and dynamic viscoelasticity were better than pure PP; furthermore, the concentration of KH550 virtually had no effect on the thermal stability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42504.     

Mechanical,chemical, thermal,and rheological properties of recycled PA6/ABS binary and PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blends

The effects of multiple injection molding cycles on the chemical and mechanical properties of PA6/ABS and PA6/PA66/ABS blends are investigated. The chemical structures of both PA6/ABS binary and PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blends do not alter after recycling process. For PA6/ABS binary blend, it is found that the tensile strength, strain at break, elastic modulus, impact strength, flexural strength, and modulus of recycled blend decrease by 6.49%, 15.19%, 21.00%, 9.41%, 7.09%, and 8.25%, respectively, while MFI increases by 23.59% as compared with the virgin blend. After five recycling process for PA6/PA66/ABS ternary blend, the tensile strength, strain at break, and impact strength of recycled blend decrease by 18.00%, 50.80%, and 87.27%, respectively. However, flexural strength and modulus of PA6/PA66/ABS blend increase slightly. For virgin PA6/PA66/ABS blend, MFI value was 7.7 g/10 min and with recycling this value showed an important increase to 31.56 g/10 min after five cycles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40810.     

Physical properties of lignin‐based polypropylene blends

The alkylation of kraft lignin with bromododecane was carried out to improve the compatibility with polypropylene (PP). The feasibility of PP/alkylated lignin composite was studied. It was found that the lignin could serve as fire retardant and toughening agent for PP matrix. Moreover, the higher lignin portion of the composites exhibited obvious damping effect. Although scanning electron micrographic observations indicated that PP‐lignin adhesion was improved by the alkylation, additional benefits were only obtained from impact behavior. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/sugarcane Bagasse composites

To determine the possibility of using sugarcane bagasse (SCB) waste as reinforcing filler in the thermoplastic polymer matrix, SCB‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared. The PP and SCB composites were prepared by the extrusion of PP resin with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % of SCB filler in a corotating twin screw extruder. The extruded strands were cut into pellets and injection molded to make test specimens. These specimens were tested for physicomechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, Izod, and Charpy impact strengths, density, water absorption, and thermal characteristics, namely, heat deflection temperature (HDT), melt flow index, and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the flexural strength increased from 23.66 to 26.84 MPa, Izod impact strength increased from 10.499 to 13.23 Kg cm/cm, Charpy impact strength increased from 10.096 to 13.98 Kg cm/cm, and HDT increased from 45.5 to 66.5°C, with increase in filler loading from 5 to 20% in the PP matrix. However, the tensile strength and elongation decreased from 32.22 to 27.21 MPa and 164.4 to 11.20% respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3827–3832, 2007