共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
制备了活性炭固载溴化1-(2-胺乙基氢溴酸)-3-甲基咪唑翁盐离子液体催化剂,并用TG和XPS对催化剂进行了表征。将该催化剂首次用于Knoevenagel缩合反应,结果表明活性炭固载离子液体催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性,同时克服了均相催化剂难以分离的不足。 相似文献
3.
离子液体固载化及其应用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
离子液体被认为是一类可取代传统有机溶剂的环境友好新型溶剂。离子液体的功能化可使其具有更广阔的应用空间;将功能化离子液体进行固载化,可以把离子液体和固相载体材料的优点结合在一起,应用于反应与催化时,从而更有利于产物和原料的分离、催化剂的循环使用,并且更经济。对近年来离子液体固载化的方法和应用进行了综述。 相似文献
4.
5.
离子液体是一种由阴离子和阳离子共同组成的有机熔融盐,其挥发性低、热稳定性和化学稳定性好、电化学窗口宽、结构可调变,近年来在诸多领域具有广泛的应用。但由于其黏度大不便于输送和操作,合成成本较高、回收利用率低等缺点,其发展受到了一定的限制。金属有机骨架 (MOFs) 材料是由金属离子/团簇和有机配体通过配位键自组装形成的具有分子内孔隙结构的有机-无机杂化材料。以MOFs为载体固载离子液体,不仅可以保留离子液体的优势,还可以赋予离子液体而很多新的特性。本文从MOFs固载离子液体的理论计算和实验应用研究出发,综述了MOFs固载离子液体的起源和固载方式,分析了MOFs和离子液体之间的兼容性、固载形式和相互作用,并对MOFs固载离子液体的瓶颈问题进行了分析,对发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
6.
固载化离子液体催化碳酸乙烯酯水解制备乙二醇 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以SiO2为载体的固载化离子液体催化剂,并将其首次用于催化碳酸乙烯酯(EC)水解制备乙二醇(EG)的反应. 结果表明,固载化碱性离子液体S-[bpim][HCO3]对碳酸乙烯酯水解制EG反应具有良好的催化活性和EG选择性,克服了非均相催化剂活性不高与均相催化剂难以分离的不足. 在催化剂浓度为0.0511 g/mL、温度140℃、压力0.4 MPa及EC/H2O=1:2(摩尔比)、反应时间3 h的条件下,EC转化率达99.7%,EG选择性为100%. 该催化剂在循环使用5次后,EC转化率无明显下降,EG的选择性始终接近100%. 相似文献
7.
8.
将实验室自制的离子液体[BMIM]BF_4固载在活性炭上作为催化剂,研究其在甘油与叔丁醇醚化反应中的催化性能,并利用单因素实验考察反应温度、反应时间、n(叔丁醇)∶n(甘油)和催化剂离子液体负载量对甘油转化率以及醚化产物选择性的影响。结果表明,在无需额外添加溶剂、n(叔丁醇)∶n(甘油)=4∶1和离子液体负载量为甘油质量的9%条件下,在85℃,以150 r·min~(-1)速率反应10 h,甘油羟基转化率最高可达73%,甘油二醚和甘油三醚选择性分别为32.67%和16.81%。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
采用后嫁接法将碱性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的氢氧化物([Bmim]OH)分别负载到介孔硅胶、MCM-41分子筛和SBA-15分子筛上制备了非均相负载型离子液体,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、元素分析和热重分析等手段对其表征,发现离子液体以共价键嫁接到硅胶上,且有较好的热稳定性。在无溶剂和温和的条件下,以非均相负载型离子液体为催化剂,研究了环氧丙烷与CO2环加成合成碳酸丙烯酯的反应,结果表明,3种非均相负载型离子液体均具有较好的催化性能,其中,[Bmim]OH/SiO2的催化性能最好,在最优条件下,环氧丙烷转化率可达99.1%,反应后催化剂经过滤即可分离回收利用,多次使用仍保持较高的反应活性。 相似文献
12.
The coupling reaction of propylene and CO2 to form propylene carbonate (PC) was promoted by an ionic liquid (IL) covalently bound to polyethylene glycol (PEG). The supported ionic liquid, which has both acidic and basic components, proved to be an active catalyst for PC synthesis under mild conditions. The effects of different cations and anions, reaction temperature, CO2 pressure, and reaction time were investigated. It was demonstrated that the acid group in the catalyst plays an important role in the reaction. With this system, a high PC yield (95%) was achieved under mild conditions (3.0 MPa, 120°C and 4 h) without a co-solvent. In addition, the catalyst was readily recovered and reused. Based on the experimental results, a plausible mechanism for the catalyst was proposed. 相似文献
13.
Cuihong Yan Bin Lu Xiaoguang Wang Jingxiang Zhao Qinghai Cai 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(11):1413-1417
BACKGROUND: Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) can be used effectively as an environmentally benign substitute for highly toxic phosgene and dimethyl sulfate in carbonylation and methylation, as well as a promising octane booster owing to its high oxygen content. Two‐step transesterification from epoxide, methanol, and CO2 is widely used in the bulk production of DMC. However, major disadvantages of this process are high energy consumption, and high investment and production costs. A one pot synthesis of DMC from carbon dioxide, methanol, and epoxide was, therefore, developed. But the yields of DMC are below 70% due to the thermodynamic limitation. RESULTS: Electrochemical synthesis of DMC was conducted with platinum electrodes from methanol, CO2 and propylene oxide in an ionic liquid was conducted. The bmimBr (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide)‐methanol‐propylene oxide system with CO2 bubbling allows DMC to be effectively synthesized and a high yield (75.5%) was achieved. CONCLUSION: In this electrolysis, redox reactions of substrates, CO2, methanol, and propylene oxide, on Pt electrodes were carried out, producing the activated particles, CH3O?, CH3OH+, CO2? and PO?, resulting in the effective synthesis of DMC with a 75.5% yield in an ionic liquid (bmimBr). Finally, a mechanism for this synthesis reaction was proposed, which is very different from those reported in the literature. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
采用后嫁接法将不同量的1-甲基-3-丙基(三乙氧基硅基)咪唑的氢氧化物([Smim]OH)嫁接到介孔硅胶(SiO2)上,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、元素分析、硅核磁共振及热重分析等技术对所制备的材料进行表征。在无溶剂、温和的条件下,将碱性嫁接型离子液体用于CO2与环氧丙烷(PO)合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)的环加成反应来考察其催化活性。结果表明,离子液体[Smim]OH成功地以共价键嫁接到介孔硅胶上得到碱性嫁接型离子液体(GILs),但不同量的[Smim]OH嫁接程度有所不同;在优化条件下,PO的转化率为99.5%,选择性为100%。反应后催化剂经过滤即可分离回收利用,且多次使用仍保持较高的反应活性。 相似文献
17.
以4-甲基吡啶、溴代正丁烷、六氟磷酸钾为原料利用微波合成了1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶六氟磷酸盐离子液体,并以其为反应介质采用复配催化体系[Pd(N-N)2][BF4]2 、[Pd(N-N)2][PF6]2催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚,合成了聚酮 (STCO)。利用元素分析、热重分析、GPC、核磁共振及红外光谱等方法对离子液体和共聚产物进行表征。用离子液体代替传统溶剂,考察了不同的钯催化剂、离子液体用量、反应时间对聚合反应的影响及钯复配催化剂在离子液体中对一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚的重复使用性。实验结果表明,[Pd(N-N)2][PF6]2复配催化剂在离子液体中的催化活性最高;使用离子液体有效地增加了聚酮产量,提高了催化活性;催化体系重复使用4次后,催化活性仍保留第一次的51%。 相似文献
18.
设计合成了1-甲基-3-丁烷磺酸咪唑硫酸氢盐([(n-Bu-SO3H)MIm][HSO4])、1-甲基-3-丁烷磺酸咪唑对甲苯磺酸盐([(n-Bu-SO3H)MIm][p-CH3C6H4SO3])和硫酸三乙胺([Et3NH][HSO4])3种Bronsted酸性离子液体,考察了其催化正己酸与乙醇酯化反应的活性,分别采用浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法将活性最佳的离子液体[(n-Bu-SO3H)MIm][HSO4]固定在硅胶上,对固定化离子液体催化正己酸与乙醇酯化反应的性能及重复使用性能进行了比较,并采用1H NMR、元素分析和FTIR等方法对其进行了表征。研究结果表明:采用浸渍法A、浸渍法B和溶胶-凝胶法固定的离子液体的负载量(质量分数)分别为15.5 %、20.5 %和40.5 %,催化正己酸与乙醇酯化反应所得正己酸乙酯的产率分别为75.3%、92.6%和92.6%。但浸渍法制备的固定化离子液体不稳定,重复使用4次(浸渍法A)和8次(浸渍法B)后离子液体负载量分别下降到3.0 %和7.0 %,正己酸乙酯产率分别降为24.2%和64.5%;而采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的固定化离子液体重复使用10次后,离子液体的负载量为39.0%,流失很少,正己酸乙酯产率依然高达92.7%。将溶胶-凝胶法制备的固定化离子液体进一步应用于其他脂肪酸与乙醇的酯化反应,乙酯产率均在90.0%左右,表明采用溶胶-凝胶法是制备固定化离子液体催化剂的有效方法。 相似文献
19.
Chunyan De Qinghai Cai Xiaoguang Wang Jingxiang Zhao Bin Lu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(1):105-108
BACKGROUND: Propylene glycol ether is expected to be a safe substitute for toxic ethylene glycol ether usually used in industry owing to its negligible toxicity. Although catalysis of solid acids or bases for the synthesis of the ether can avoid separation of catalysts, liquid waste treatment and corrosion problems, it suffers from drawbacks, e.g. lower activity and selectivity to target product, high reaction pressure and temperature. In order to solve these problems, a basic ionic liquid, namely choline hydroxide was prepared and used as a catalyst for synthesis of the ether via atom‐economy reaction from propylene oxide and methanol. RESULTS: The ionic liquid showed excellent catalytic performance exhibiting 95.4% conversion of propylene oxide (PO) and 94.6% selectivity to 1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol. It is also an effective catalyst for the reaction of PO with other primary alcohols to yield corresponding ethers. In addition this catalyst can be recovered and reused. CONCLUSION: The high activity and selectivity can probably be ascribed to its basicity and/or the strong polarity and electrostatic field of the reaction medium caused by the ionic liquid. These findings are very rare in synthesis of propylene glycol ether to our knowledge. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献