航空煤油在不同孔径的Ag基介孔材料吸附剂上深度吸附脱硫的研究

以3种不同孔径的介孔材料MCM-41,SBA-15,大孔SBA-15(SBA-15-L)为载体,采用离子交换法制备了Ag/Al-MCM-41,Ag/Al-SBA-15和Ag/Al-SBA-15-L介孔材料吸附剂。利用XRD,N2吸附,SEM-EDS,ICP-MS等手段对所制备的吸附剂进行了表征,并在固定床上对航空煤油进行了吸附脱硫研究。结果表明,交换Ag+所制备的吸附剂依然保持介孔材料的特性,并可将含S量为150×10-6的航空煤油中的硫化物,选择性的吸附脱除到S含量低于1.0×10-6。其中,在Ag/Al-MCM-41,Ag/Al-SBA-15和Ag/Al-SBA-15-L吸附剂上,可分别得到8.0,9.0和17.0mL的清洁航空煤油(含硫量小于1.0×10-6)。实验结果也表明,所制备的吸附剂吸附脱硫性能主要取决于介孔材料载体的孔径大小,载体的孔径越大,Ag+的利用率越高,吸附剂的吸附脱硫性能越强。将吸附饱和的Ag/Al-SBA-15-L吸附剂,于空气中在350℃进行再生5h,吸附剂的吸附性能可以100%的恢复。     

PEI改性SBA-15吸附分离COS/N2

聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性SBA-15的吸附剂用于脱除低浓度羰基硫(COS),吸附剂采用XRD、化学吸附仪和红外光谱进行表征.PEI改性SBA-15后,SBA -15结构没有太大变化,比表面积有所下降,吸附过程中存在化学吸附.在28℃下,PEI负载量为50％(质量分数)时对COS吸附效果最佳,穿透吸附量可达5.383 mg/g,饱和吸附量可达11.698 mg/g;60℃为最佳吸附温度,穿透吸附量可达11.724 mg/g,饱和吸附量可达32.38 mg/g;吸附剂可在100℃下用氮气吹扫再生.     

载银介孔SBA-15吸附剂的制备及其对脂肪酸甲酯的吸附研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15作为载体,在3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)对SBA-15表面修饰的基础上负载银离子制备Ag⁺-APTS/SBA-15吸附剂,采用氮气吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)对吸附剂进行表征,并将吸附剂应用于混合脂肪酸甲酯的分离以考察其吸附性能。氮气吸附-脱附、XRD和TEM分析结果可以看出,制备的吸附剂具有规则有序孔道结构;FT-IR数据显示,介孔SBA-15表面被APTS成功修饰;SEM-EDS结果表明,银离子成功负载到载体SBA-15上;对混合脂肪酸甲酯吸附研究表明,该吸附剂对不饱和脂肪酸甲酯(UFAMEs)吸附效果较好,且随着银离子负载量的增加以及UFAMEs双键数的增多,吸附效果增强;当银离子负载量为25%时,吸附剂对亚麻酸甲酯吸附率高达53.47%。     

有序介孔材料SBA-15吸附分离污水中铬离子的研究

重金属是水体中重要污染物之一,对人体的危害极大,考虑以有序介孔材料SBA-15脱除废水中铬离子。实验研究了吸附剂粒度、吸附温度、铬离子浓度、酸度、吸附时间和吸附剂用量等对脱除铬离子的影响。结果表明：低温、低铬离子浓度、低酸度、长吸附时间和高吸附剂用量有利于有序介孔材料SBA-15对铬的去除,铬去除率可达99％以上。沸石分子筛脱除废水中铬离子效果好、工艺简单、吸附剂可循环使用,具有一定的应用前景。     

Cu-β/SBA-15的吸附脱硫性能及吸附动力学

采用浸渍法制备Cu-β/SBA-15复合分子筛,通过XRD、N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD、Py-FTIR等对其进行结构表征,结果表明:Cu-β/SBA-15具有微-介孔复合结构和表面弱酸性。以Cu-β/SBA-15为吸附剂,在间歇式微型反应釜中,进行静态吸附脱除二苯并噻吩(DBT)实验,考察了反应温度、反应时间和剂油质量比("剂"指吸附剂Cu-β/SBA-15,"油"指模拟柴油)对吸附量的影响,并对其吸附动力学进行了考察。结果表明,在反应温度120℃,反应时间120 min,m(剂)∶m(油)=1∶30的条件下,模拟柴油的脱硫率可达54.62%、吸附剂吸附硫容量为2.27 mg/g;在Cu-β/SBA-15对DBT吸附的初始阶段,准二级动力学方程和Elovich方程均能很好地反映吸附模式,而整个吸附过程中,准二级动力学相关系数R20.99,拟合计算出的平衡吸附硫容量qe=2.54 mg/g,与实际所测值相差很少,说明准二级动力学吸附模型能更全面的描述Cu-β/SBA-15对DBT的吸附过程,其吸附过程是液膜扩散和内扩散共同作用的结果。     

非晶态CuO/MCM-41制备及对H_2S的深度脱除

针对目前负载型金属氧化物在深度脱除H_2S过程中存在的吸附剂孔径堵塞和传质限制的问题,通过络合配位法制备了非晶态Cu O/MCM-41吸附剂,减小了Cu O粒径,改善了载体孔结构堵塞情况。结果表明,非晶态Cu O/MCM-41吸附剂对H_2S脱除效果较好,能够使净化后H_2S质量浓度小于1 mg/m~3,吸附容量达到12.5 mg(H_2S)/(g吸附剂),是MCM-41的24倍,比常规Cu O/AC高1.3倍。在此基础上,考察了Cu O负载量、氧体积分数和吸附温度的影响。结果表明,当Cu O负载量为6.4%,氧体积分数为0.4%时,吸附效果最好。在30~90℃范围内,吸附温度对脱除效果的影响呈先下降后上升的趋势,在60℃附近存在物理吸附向化学吸附的转变过程。     

分子筛SBA-15负载离子液体[P66614][Triz]脱除氢烷气中CO2

以高效吸收CO₂的离子液体（IL）[P₆₆₆₁₄][Triz]作为吸收剂,通过浸渍法负载到两种不同孔径的介孔分子筛SBA-15上,用于脱除生物氢烷气中CO₂,并利用N₂吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和高倍透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）对负载材料进行了表征分析。混合吸收剂SBA-15（4.3 nm）-50%[Triz]的吸收容量和吸收速率比SBA-15（6.6 nm）-50%[Triz]的分别提高了12.4%和95.1%,这是由于SBA-15（4.3 nm）的孔道长度更短,避免了填充在孔道内的[P₆₆₆₁₄][Triz]在反应过程中接触不到CO₂,从而比SBA-15（6.6 nm）-50%[Triz]有更多IL反应活性点参与反应。还研究了不同氢烷气速率下SBA-15（4.3 nm）-50%[Triz]对CO₂的吸收并与2种吸附动力学模型相拟合,结果表明SBA-15（4.3 nm）-50%[Triz]对CO₂的吸收更符合准二级吸附动力学模型,表明吸附过程受化学吸附机理的控制,验证了[P₆₆₆₁₄][Triz]是通过化学反应脱除CO₂。     

Al2O3/Fe2O3吸附剂脱除硫化氢的性能

采用共沉淀法制备了氧化铝改性的氧化铁吸附剂,并采用比表面积(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)技术对吸附剂进行了表征。在固定吸附床上,考察了制备条件及吸附条件对吸附剂脱除硫化氢性能的影响。结果表明,引入氧化铝能显著提高氧化铁对硫化氢的吸附净化能力。氧化铁与氧化铝质量比为1∶0.5,造孔剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)质量分数为2%,焙烧温度500℃时,采用共沉淀法的负载氧化铝吸附剂的吸附效果最好。在气速20 mL/min,吸附温度80℃时,脱硫率和穿透硫容可分别达到99.3%和105 mg/g,其穿透硫容比未经改性的活性氧化铁提高了49.8 mg/g。     

“干胺”型吸附剂的快速制备、表征及其CO_2吸附性能研究

通过高速搅拌法将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)快速负载于疏水性SiO_2表面,制得"干胺"型吸附剂。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、物理吸附、热重分析等对吸附剂进行了一系列的表征。采用穿透曲线法对"干胺"吸附剂的CO_2吸附性能进行了测试.。结果表明,随着PEI负载量的增加,PEI/SiO_2吸附剂的CO_2吸附量呈现先增加后降低的趋势,50PEI/SiO_2吸附剂的CO_2吸附量最高,其最佳CO_2吸附温度为90°C,此时吸附剂的吸附量最大为3.00 mmol×g~(-1)-adsorbent。相比于高速搅拌法制备的SBA-15基吸附剂,PEI/SiO_2型吸附剂具有更优的吸附性能。研究结果还表明50PEI/SiO_2具有良好的可再生性能。     

铁盐改性活性炭纤维常温脱除硫化氢的研究

研究了铁盐改性活性炭纤维(ACF)在常温下脱除硫化氢的性能及其影响因素.发现热处理后的硝酸铁改性ACF在常温下有较好的吸附性能(能够将氮气中9.5×10-4体积分数的H2S脱除到1×10-7体积分数以下),尤其是吸附剂CI-5H623的硫容量达到383.56 mg(H2S)/g(ACF);影响吸附性能的主要因素是吸附剂的含氧活性基团、湿度、孔结构和比表面积.氧化铁担载量和吸附剂的酸碱性对吸附硫化氢也有一定的影响.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。