提高Φ2.2m×7m水泥磨产量的措施

我厂Φ2.2 m×7 m水泥磨于1996年11月投产,投产时产量为13.5t/h,水泥成品细度为0.08mm筛筛余4.0％。我们对水泥磨系统经过多次改造,到2000年1月磨机产量提高到15.5t/h,水泥细度为0.08 mm筛筛余2.8％,水泥磨机主机电耗由28 kWh/t降低到23 kWh/t,粉磨系统电耗由34 kWh/t降到31 kWh/t。改造措施如下。1 降低入磨熟料粒度 我厂采用PE×250×1 000鄂式破碎机破碎熟料,原破碎熟料粒度平均为20～25 mm。我们采用了新型的齿板及肘板结构对破碎机进行了改造,把熟料粒度降低到10～15 mm左右。     

生料粉磨系统的改造措施

1改造前生料制备系统破碎:一级为PE400×600颚式破碎机,二级为PFΦ1000×700反击破碎机。破碎粒度≤30mm,台时产量≤20t/h。粉磨:2台Φ1.83m×6.4m磨机和1台Φ1.83m×7.0m磨机,平均台时产量11t/h,电耗:21kWh/t。2改造措施2.1建造石灰石料场我公司石灰石是多矿点供料,其化学成分     

180-160辊压机配套Φ4.2m×14.5m球磨机闭路系统生产实例分析

中联水泥生产P·O42.5水泥工段电耗达36 kWh/t以上。本次技改对现有1台Φ3.0 m×9 m球磨机、2台Φ3.2 m×13 m球磨机（带辊压机）,升级改造为一台180-160辊压机配套Φ4.2 m×14.5 m球磨机闭路系统,异地置换升级改造后,项目投产运行1年半,产量稳定在320 t/h以上,电耗24 kWh/t以下,较技改前粉磨工序电耗下降12 kWh/t,达到节能降耗的目的。     

提高φ2.2m×6.5m生料磨产量的措施

Lm厂φ2.2m×6.5m闭路生料磨原产量仅为20t/h,为了提高磨机产量,节能降耗,对生产工艺进行技改后,磨机台时产量增加到28～30 t/h,t生料电耗从22.3kWh/t,下降到15.4kWh/t,仅此一项生料系统全年节电降低成本32万元,全厂水泥综合电耗达到75kWh/t,取得了较好的经济效益.     

我公司开流高细磨提产降耗的几项措施

我公司在平衡30万t水泥经济规模技术改造中,把在线2台Φ2.4 m×13 m闭路水泥磨系统改造为开流高细磨系统,磨机主要参数见表1。自投产以来,生产P·O32.5 MPa:普通水泥;比表面积340 m2/kg时,台时产量一直在22 t/h徘徊,工序电耗34 kWh/t水泥,与公司内控电耗指标存在一定差距。经过     

Φ2.6m×13m高产高细磨的提产改造

我公司有2台Φ2.6 m×13 m开路高细磨,该生产线石膏、混合材一破用1000×800颚式破碎机,二破用LFCP-1500型双马立轴式破碎机,熟料破碎用Φ2.1 m × 4.2 m棒碎破磨机。磨P·O32.5水泥(细度≤3.0％,比表面积≥350m2／kg),台产仅为27 t／h,台产低、综合电耗较高。2003年12月我公司利用设计院高产高细磨技术,对这2台磨机进行技术改造。2004     

双闭路联合粉磨系统的优化改造

CLF140-65辊压机+Vx2000静态选粉机+Φ3.8m×12m两仓管磨机+O-Sepa N-2500型高效选粉机组成的双闭路水泥联合粉磨系统.粉磨P·042.5级水泥,系统产量120 t/h,粉磨电耗＞32 kWh/t;粉磨P·C42.5级水泥,系统产量138 t/h,粉磨电耗＞30 kWh/t.分析认为,管磨机...     

BS2100棒磨机在水泥粉磨系统的应用

我公司共有2台水泥磨,一台为Φ3m×11m球磨机,设计台时产量35￣40t/h;另一台为Φ3.2m×13m高细磨机,设计台时产量50￣55t/h。由于熟料没有破碎,入磨粒度大,导致磨制P·O32.5水泥时Φ3m×11m磨机的台时产量仅为32t/h,Φ3.2m×13m磨机为47t/h,水泥比表面积最高在320m2/kg。电耗居     

Φ4.2×11m水泥磨系统增产节能技术措施

笔者在某水泥厂学习期间曾参与了该厂Φ4.2×11m水泥磨增产节能技术改造,磨机台时产量P.O32.5R水泥由110t/h提高到120t/h,粉磨电耗降低到31.11kWh/t。工艺流程见图1。     

水泥磨半终粉磨系统的技改

对水泥磨系统进行节能降耗改造,在球磨闭路粉磨系统之前增加HFCG180-160型大辊压机,组成HFCG180-160辊压机+Φ4.2 m×13.5 m球磨机的水泥半终粉磨系统（开路）。技改后的半终粉磨系统平均台时产量由95 t/h提高到250 t/h,粉磨工序电耗从38.0 kWh/t降低到24.0 kWh/t,单产电耗平均降低14.0 kWh/t。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.