一株烟腈水解酶菌株的筛选及其催化特性初步研究

利用富集培养技术筛选获得一株高活性烟腈水解菌株Rhodococcus sp. CCZU10-1。经研究,最适产酶培养条件和催化反应条件为：碳源为葡萄糖（10 g/L）,氮源为酵母蛋白胨（10 g/L）与酵母膏（5 g/L）,诱导剂ε-己内酰胺（2.0 mmol/L）,培养温度为30 ℃,初始培养pH值为7.0,最适催化反应温度和pH值分别为30 ℃和7.0。分批补料烟腈10批,烟酸的累计浓度为927 mmol/L。     

木质素/LDPE-EVA共混材料的力学性能及热性能

以天然热塑材料木质素和LDPE-EVA为原料,研究了不同木质素以及增容剂含量对木质素/LDPE-EVA共混材料的力学及热性能影响。结果表明,20份木质素与LDPE-EVA共混效果较好,拉伸强度达到最大（25.88 MPa）,较LDPE-EVA聚合物提高了9%,且共混物在100 ℃附近的吸热峰出现一定左移（3.6 ℃）,降解性能增加;10份增容剂LDPE-g-MAH的加入使体系拉伸强度达到35.66 MPa,较未加增容剂时提高了26.6%,100℃附近的吸热峰进一步左移（2 ℃）,降解性能小幅降低,显著提高了共混物的相容性。     

玉米浆干粉在葡萄糖和木糖混合丙酮丁醇发酵中的应用

为降低丙酮丁醇梭菌发酵生产丁醇的成本,研究了以玉米浆干粉为氮、磷源等营养因子的单糖培养基发酵条件。结果表明：只需添加适量的玉米浆干粉,无需添加其它营养物质,以葡萄糖或葡萄糖与木糖混合糖为原料的培养基可以满足丙酮丁醇梭菌的生长及溶剂产生所需要的营养元素,50 g/L葡萄糖-2.5 g/L玉米浆干粉培养基溶剂转化率可以达到35.14%,总溶剂产量17.57 g/L,丁醇产量11.21 g/L。30 g/L葡萄糖+20 g/L木糖-2.5 g/L玉米浆干粉溶剂转化率可以达到33.66%,总溶剂16.83 g/L,丁醇11.10 g/L,为进一步研究木质纤维素原料水解液生产丁醇提供理论指导。     

Batch extractive distillation for separation of ether-isopropanol-water azeotropic system

以乙二醇为溶剂,对异丙醚-异丙醇-水三元共沸物采用间歇萃取精馏进行分离研究,考察了在溶剂不同进料速率、回流比、进料温度等条件下的分离情况,找到了实验条件下分离此三元共沸物的最佳条件。最佳条件为：溶剂进料位置为塔顶,回流比为2,溶剂进料速率在分离异丙醚和分离异丙醇两个阶段分别为11.4 g/min和8.08 g/min,溶剂进料温度分别为70.0 ℃和100.0 ℃。在此条件下,异丙醚产品质量分数可达0.95,收率为0.985;异丙醇产品质量分数可达0.97,收率为0.968。     

德氏乳杆菌发酵生产乳酸工艺条件优化

本实验在选育高产菌株及优化培养基的基础上,通过探索德氏乳杆菌的发酵工艺提高其乳酸产量。用初始菌株在基础发酵培养基上进行乳酸（DL-乳酸）发酵,其中L-乳酸的产量为18.5 g/L,对葡萄糖的转化率为50.27%。对原始菌株进行了激光诱变,选育出一株高产菌株DBLB28,对其培养基进行了进一步优化。先用正交实验设计法选出了主要的影响因子,然后再利用响应面法对所选因子进行优化,最优的条件为：葡萄糖浓度68.6 g/L;牛肉膏浓度22.4 g/L;蛋白胨浓度3.2 g/L,从回归方程预计乳酸的最大产量为29.0 g/L。在以上优化条件下进行发酵实验,测得乳酸产量为29.4 g/L,与预计值吻合较好。     

微波辅助AgY吸附剂制备及静态吸附特性

以NaY分子筛为载体,通过微波辅助液相离子交换法制备了Ag改性的AgY分子筛,并对其进行了X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附比表面积（BET）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和扫描电镜（SEM）等表征分析。以噻吩/石油醚体系为模型化合物,考察了吸附温度、吸附时间以及吸附剂用量等条件对吸附剂性能的影响,结果表明吸附温度40 ℃、吸附时间30 min、吸附剂质量/原料油体积（g/mL）为1∶40时脱硫效果最好,脱硫率为98.46%。40 ℃时,AgY吸附剂的静态平衡吸附量为0.7970 mmol/g。     

磷酸炭化-活化法制备污水厂污泥活性炭工艺

研究了以污水厂污泥为原料、H₃PO₄为活化剂,采用炭化-活化法制备污泥活性炭,探讨了炭化温度、炭化时间、酸洗浓度、活化温度、活化时间的最佳工艺条件以及各因素对活性炭碘值的影响。结果表明：活化温度对碘值的影响最大,其次是炭化温度和炭化时间。酸洗浓度和活化时间对碘值的影响则比较小。最佳工艺条件为：炭化温度350 ℃、炭化时间50 min、酸洗浓度25%、活化温度380 ℃、活化时间50 min。该条件下可得到产率为48%、碘值为585.1 mg/g的活性炭。研究证实,污泥制得的活性炭可以用于处理难以降解的染料废水,当取0.5 g污泥活性炭处理100 mL废水时其处理程度可达到99.97%。     

新型溶剂吸收治理有机尾气的实验

采用实验方法研究了新型吸收剂对可挥发性有机污染物-甲苯废气的吸收效能。选择苯甲酸钠、柠檬酸钠、酒石酸钠3种有机酸盐的水溶液作为研究对象,以有机酸、硅酸盐助剂作为有机酸盐水溶液的添加剂。通过单因素实验及正交实验,得出最佳吸收工艺条件为：采用质量分数为8.0%、pH值为6.0的苯甲酸钠水溶液作为吸收剂,在喷淋量为30 L/h、进塔气流量为315 L/h、吸收剂温度为15 ℃下,甲苯的吸收率可以达到88.0%。     

Lipozyme TL 100L的固定化及其催化合成蔗糖-6-乙酯

采用树脂吸附法固定脂肪酶Lipozyme TL 100 L,并用于催化合成蔗糖-6-乙酯（S-6-a）。比较7种树脂对Lipozyme TL 100 L的吸附与固定化酶合成S-6-a能力,选择非极性大孔树脂HZ-802为固定化载体。固定化酶在吸附温度30 ℃,蛋白吸附量50.47～58.1 mg/g树脂,相对水含量小于5%时,S-6-a产率达80%以上。用异丙醇以体积比0.5∶1处理Lipozyme TL 100 L,固定化酶的S-6-a产率可达95.4%。固定化酶反复使用8次,S-6-a产率仍有34.2%。与商品固定化酶Lipozyme TLIM相比,HZ-802吸附法制备的固定化酶催化转酯反应的活化能降低了6.47 kJ/mol。     

内混式扇形空气雾化喷嘴参数研究

采用Eulerian-Lagrangian耦合模型,对内混式空气雾化喷嘴性能进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明：索特尔平均直径随气液质量流量比的增加,先逐渐减小,达到极小值后,又逐渐增大,SMD的极小值约为39.5 μm;当气液质量流量比为23%时,距离喷嘴出口20 mm处液滴基本被气流束缚在扇形平面方向上±20 mm的范围内,液滴浓度和速度分布呈“双峰型”分布,最大值出现在“扇形”喷雾区域的边缘处（Y=15 mm和Y=－15 mm）;绝大部分液滴粒径在15～50 μm,峰值约为25 μm,索特尔平均直径为45.2 μm。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。